7
The Teachers’ Guide
to The Third KISS Grammar Book
The study of grammar is a science.
The teaching of grammar is an art.
Note: Many of the links in this book lead to sites on the internet. If you are not connected to it, the links will not work.
Preface—Please Read(As of Oct 14, 2016)
As the “Introduction” (below) explains, this book is far more comprehensive than are the first two. All of the instructional materials and exercises are done, so it can effectively be used. The following remain to be done. These involve the tone of the book, assessments, and application—“Statistical Stylistics.”
1. I intend to replace an exercise in most of the units with a humorous one—“Just for Fun” (“JfF”). Finding jokes or humorous anecdotes that include the appropriate constructions may take some time. The current exercises that are replaced will be moved to the supplemental book.
2. The mid-term and final assessment tests are not complete. When they are, they will be added to this “AK” (teachers’) book.
3. I want to improve the instructional material for Unit 9 (“More about the Functions of Verbals”) by adding a simpler version of the Psycholinguistic Model.
4. Units Seven and Twelve (“Statistical Stylistics”) are not complete and may take some time to make. They will be based on samples of the writing of third graders. (I’m wondering if they should be put in a separate book.)
5. I am always open to suggestions for improving the instructional materials.
6. In the process of completing the above, I will also be working on What KISS Can Teach You That Other Grammars Don’t.
People who are not familiar with the KISS Approach will look at this book and say that it is impossible for students to learn the material. Their view is understandable because all they are familiar with are the grammar books that teach simplistic, isolated constructions. If your students have passed the Assessment tests for Books One and Two, you know that much of what students have to do in this book is already automatic for them. They can do it quickly and (usually) correctly. This book enables students to build on what they have already learned. To my knowledge, no other approach to grammar builds in this meaningful way.
Introduction 8
Major Objectives 8
The Texts on Which This Book Is Built 10
The Overviews of the Exercises 12
The Focus on the Grammatical Concepts 12
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 15
The Importance of Listening and Reading 15
Vocabulary 16
The Focus on Writing 16
Important Reminders 18
Unit 1 – Review 19
Constructions 19
Nouns Used as Adverbs, Interjections, and Direct Address 19
Ex. 1 - From The Tale of Samuel Whiskers [AK] 19
Verbs 20
Ex. 2 - Helping Verbs Adapted from The Velveteen Rabbit (AK) 20
Ex. 3 - Phrasal Verbs from My Book of Favorite Fairy Tales (AK) 21
Ex. 4 - Palimpsest Patterns from The Fairy Reader [AK] 22
Ex. 5 - Varied Positions in S/V/C Patterns from My Book of Favorite Fairy Tales [AK] 22
Prepositions 23
Ex. 6 - Is It a Preposition? from My Book of Favorite Fairy Tales [AK] 23
Ex. 7 – The “To” Problem - The Velveteen Rabbit [AK] 24
Ex. 8 - The Meanings of “Too” from Pinocchio [AK] 25
Ex. 9 - Writing Sentences with “To” and “Too” [NA] 26
Ex. 10 - Embedded Prepositional Phrases from The Velveteen Rabbit [AK] 26
Mixed Complements 27
Ex. 11 – Mixed Complements - From Pinocchio [AK] 27
Ex. 12 – Mixed Complements based on “The Cat and the Fox” [AK] 27
Clauses 28
Ex. 13 - Compound Main Clauses from The Velveteen Rabbit (#1) [AK] 28
Ex. 14 –Just for Fun: Q & A Puns [AK] 29
Punctuation & Writing 30
Ex. 15 - Apostrophes for Possession from The Fairy Reader [AK] 30
Ex. 16 - Apostrophes in Contractions from Pinocchio [AK] 31
Ex. 17 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Cat and the Fox” 31
Ex. 18 – Writing Topics (“The Cat and the Fox”) 32
Unit 2 - Studies in Branching, Ellipsis, and Style 33
Left, Right, and Mid-Branching—Notes for Teachers 33
Ex. 1 - From Pinocchio, The Tale of a Puppet 36
Ex. 2 - From Pinocchio, The Tale of a Puppet 37
Ellipsis (Prozeugma) 38
Ex. 3 - Ellipsed Verbs from Pinocchio (#1) [AK] 38
Ex. 4 - Ellipsed Verbs from Pinocchio (#2) [AK] 38
Ex. 5 - Just for Fun: Q & A [AK] 39
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 40
Rewriting Adjectives and Adverbs as Prepositional Phrases 40
Ex. 6 - From Pinocchio, The Tale of a Puppet (1) [AK] 40
Ex. 7 - From Pinocchio, The Tale of a Puppet (2) [AK] 41
Sentence Combining and De-combining 43
Ex. 8 - Sentence-Combining and De-combining from “The Moon’s Story” [AK] 43
Ex. 9 - Sentence-Combining (Compounds) from “The Goose Girl” [AK] 44
Ex. 10 – Branching, based on “The Moon’s Story” [AK] 46
Ex. 11 – Fill-in-the-Blanks from “The Moon’s Story” [AK] 47
Ex. 12 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Moon’s Story” [AK] 47
Ex. 13 - Writing Topics (“The Moon's Story”) 48
Unit 3 - Subordinate Clauses as Direct Objects 48
Note to Teachers 48
Ex. 1 - Subordinate Clauses as Direct Objects from The Velveteen Rabbit (#1) [AK] 49
Ex. 2 - Subordinate Clauses as Direct Objects from Pinocchio (#1) [AK] 50
Ex. 3 - Subordinate Clauses as Direct Objects from Pinocchio (#2) [AK] 50
Quotation Marks to indicate words that are spoken (Passages) 51
Ex. 4 – “In the Garden” (Part 1) [AK] 51
Ex. 5 -- “In the Garden” (Part 2) [AK] 52
Ex. 6 – “Come to My Party” (Part 1) From Ben and Alice [AK] 52
Ex. 7 – “Come to My Party” (Part 2) From Ben and Alice [AK] 52
Ex. 8 – Just for Fun: A Murder Mystery [AK] 53
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 53
Ex. 9 - NA 53
Ex. 10 – Fill in the Blanks (“The Wolf and the Man”) [Note] 53
Ex. 11 – Sentence Combining and De-Combining” [Note] 53
Ex. 12 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Wolf and the Man” [AK] 54
Ex. 13 – Writing Topics (“The Wolf and the Man”) 55
Unit 4 – Introduction to Person, Number, and Case 56
Antecedents of Pronouns 56
Ex. 1 - From Maxwell’s Grammar 56
Ex. 2 - From Maxwell’s Grammar 57
Person, Number, and Case 59
Ex. 3 - Person, Number, and Case Adapted from Wonderwings [AK] 59
Ex. 4. - Adapted from English for Use -- Book Three 60
Ex. 5 - “The Story of the First Diamonds” by Florence Holbrook [AK] 61
Identifying Tenses 62
Ex. 6 – Identifying Tenses from Pinocchio [AK] 62
Ex. 7 - Identifying Tenses from “Cinderella” [AK] 63
Ex. 8 - Person, Number, Case, and Tense from “Hansel and Grethel” (1) [AK] 63
Ex. 9 - Two Just for Fun [AK] 64
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 65
Ex. 10- Adding Prepositional Phrases of Time and Space [NA] 65
Ex. 11 – Fill-in-the Blanks from “The Fox and the Horse” [Note] 65
Ex. 12 – Sentence Combining and De-combining (“The Fox and the Horse”) [AK] 65
Ex. 13 – Fix the Punctuation from “The Fox and the Horse” [AK] 67
Ex. 14 - Writing - Baldwin's "The Fox and the Horse" 68
Unit 5 - Finite Verb or Verbal? 70
1. Common Verbals That Function as Direct Objects 71
Ex. 1 – Common Verbals based on Pinocchio [AK] 71
Ex. 2 – Common Verbals as Direct Objects - From Pinocchio [AK] 71
2. The NounTest 72
Ex. 3 – The Noun Test based on Pinocchio: The Story of a Puppet [AK] 72
Ex. 4 – The Noun Test from The Fairy Reader [AK] 73
3. The “To” Test 74
Ex. 5 - “To” – Preposition, Verbal, or Part of a Finite Verb Phrase? (Pinocchio) 74
Ex. 6 - “To” Test from Pinocchio [AK] 75
Ex. 7 - “To” Test from The Fairy Reader [AK] 76
4. The Sentence Test 77
Ex. 8 – The Sentence Test from Pinocchio [AK] 77
Ex. 9 - From The Velveteen Rabbit [AK] 78
Ex. 10 – The Sentence Test from The Fairy Reader [AK] 79
5. The Three Tests (Summary) 81
Ex. 11 – The Three Tests from Pinocchio [AK] 81
Ex. 12 - From The Velveteen Rabbit [AK] 82
Ex. 13 – Mixed Verbals from The Fairy Reader [AK] 83
Ex. 14 – A Passage for Analysis from Pinocchio [AK] 84
Ex. 15 – Two Just for Fun [AK] 85
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 86
Ex. 16 – Branching from “The Little Fir Tree” [Notes] 86
Ex. 17 – Fill-in-the Blanks from “The Little Fir Tree” [AK] 87
Ex. 18 – Combining and De-Combining from “The Little Fir Tree” [AK] 88
Ex. 19 - Style Models from Pinocchio [AK] 89
Ex. 20 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Little Fir Tree” [AK] 90
Ex. 21 - Writing Topics (“The Little Fir Tree”) 92
Unit 6 – Vocabulary 93
Abstract and Concrete Words 93
Ex. 1 - Adapted from Child-Story Reader (#1) [AK] 93
Ex. 2 - Synonyms [Not Needed] 93
Ex. 3 – Antonyms [Not Needed] 93
Ex. 4 - Fill in the Blanks with Interesting Verbs [NA] 93
Word Families - Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots 94
Ex. 5 - An Introduction to Roots [Note] 94
Ex. 6 - An Introduction to Suffixes (-ful, -able, -ly) [AK] 94
Ex. 7 – The Prefixes “Re-” and “Un-” [AK] 95
Ex. 8 – Two Just for Fun [AK] 96
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 96
Ex. 9 – Adding Prepositional Phrase of Time and Place [NA] 96
Ex. 10 - Adding Modifiers based on “The Ugly Duckling” [AK] 96
Ex. 11 - Combining and De-combining (“The Ugly Duckling”) [AK] 97
Ex. 12 A Writing Model—Abstract and Concrete (“The Ugly Duckling”) [NA] 99
Ex. 13 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Ugly Duckling” [AK] 99
Ex. 14 Writing Topics “The Ugly Duckling” 100
Unit 7 - Statistical Stylistics 102
Ex. 1 – Edit a text 102
Ex. 2 – Statistical Analysis of a Student’s Writing 102
Ex. 3 – Writing in Response to a Prompt 102
Ex. 4 – Statistical Analysis of My Own Writing (in Ex. 3) 102
Ex. 5 – Sentence Building with Modifiers 102
Ex. 6 – Sentence Combining 102
Ex. 7 – Sentence De-combining 102
Ex. 8 – Fix the Punctuation 102
Mid-Term Assessments 103
Unit 8 - The Logic of Modifiers 104
The Logic of Adjectives and Adverbs (KISS Level 1.2, Ex. 11) 104
Ex. 1 - Adapted from “Wonderwings” [AK] 104
Ex. 2 - The Logic of Adjectives and Adverbs (“The Lost Spindle”) [AK] 106
Notes for Teachers on the Logic of Prepositional Phrases 106
Ex. 3 - From My Book of Favorite Fairy Tales [AK] 107
Ex. 4 - The Logic of Prepositional Phrases (“The Lost Spindle”) [AK] 107
Ex. 5 – Just for Fun: Tom Swifties (#1) [AK] 108
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 109
Ex. 6 The Suffixes “-er” and “-or” [AK] 109
Ex. 7 – Adding Modifiers (“The Lost Spindle”) [AK] 109
Ex. 8. – Branching from “The Lost Spindle” [AK] 111
Ex. 9.–Combining and De-combining “The Lost Spindle” [AK] 111
Ex. 10 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Lost Spindle” [AK] 113
Ex. 11 - Writing topics (“The Lost Spindle”) 114
Unit 9 - More about the Functions of Verbals 116
1. Verbals as Subjects and Complements 116
Ex. 1 – Verbals as Subjects and Complements from Pinocchio [AK] 116
Ex. 2 – Verbals as Subjects and Complements from The Fairy Reader [AK] 117
2. Verbals as Objects of Prepositions 118
Ex. 3 – Verbals as Objects of Prepositions from Pinocchio [AK] 118
Ex. 4 – Verbals as Objects of Prepositions from The Fairy Reader [AK] 119
3. Verbals as Adjectives or Adverbs 119
Ex. 5 – Verbals as Adjectives and Adverbs from Pinocchio [AK] 119
Ex. 6 – Verbals as Adjectives or Adverbs from The Fairy Reader [AK] 120
Ex. 7 - Verbal or Prepositional Phrase? [AK] 121
4. Ellipsis in Some Verbals 122
Ex. 8 – Ellipsed Verbals based on Pinocchio [AK] 122
Ex. 9 - Ellipsed Verbals as Complements [AK] 123
Ex. 10 – A Passage from Pinocchio [AK] 124
Ex. 11 – Two Just for Fun [AK] 124
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 125
Ex. 12 - Adding Prepositional Phrases of Time and Space [NA] 125
Ex. 13 – The Suffix “-less” [AK] 125
Ex. 14 - Fill in the Blanks from “The Little House in the Woods” [AK] 126
Ex. 15 - De-combining Sentences from “The Little House in the Woods” [AK] 126
Ex. 16 - Combining Sentences from “The Little House in the Woods” 128
Ex. 17 - Writing Model (Abstract and Concrete) from Pinocchio [Notes] 129
Ex. 18 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Little House in the Woods” [AK] 129
Ex. 19 - Writing Topics (“The Little House in the Woods”) 130
Unit 10 – Vocabulary 132
Abstract and Concrete Words 132
Ex. 1 - Adapted from Child-Story Readers (2) [AK] 132
Synonyms and Antonyms 132
Ex. 2 - Synonyms – From “Jack and His Golden Box” [NA] 132
Ex. 3 – Antonyms -- From Voyages in English (1) [NA] 132
Fill in the Blanks 132
Ex. 4 - Adapted from The Mother Tongue (#2) [NA] 132
Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots 132
Ex. 5 – The Prefix “dis-” to Create Antonyms [AK] 133
Ex 6 Suffix –ous [AK] 133
Ex. 7 Suffix –ive [AK] 134
Ex. 8 - Just for Fun: Humorous Definitions (#3) [AK] 134
Reading, Writing, Vocabulary & Style 135
Ex. 9 - Adding Prepositional Phrases of Time and Space [NA] 135
Ex. 10 – FiB from “The Story of Thumbling” [AK] 135
Ex. 11. – Branching from “The Story of Thumbling” [AK] 136
Ex. 12 - Sentence Combining and De-combining [AK] 137
Ex. 13 – Writing Models from “The Story of Thumbling” [Notes] 138
Ex. 14 – Punctuation: The Opening of “The Story of Thumbling” [AK] 138