Exercise 2 and 3: Introduction to Human Body and Organ Systems

Surface Anatomy

  1. Identify the visible landmarks of the body (axial and Appendicular divisions) and identify these regions on yourself, lab partner, and human torso models.
  2. Anterior body landmarks and their definitions: abdominal, acromial, antebrachial, anticubital, axillary, brachial, buccal, carpal, cervical, coxal, crural, digital, femoral, fibular (peroneal), frontal, hallux, inguinal, mammary, mental, nasal, oral, orbital, palmar, patellar, pedal, pelvic, pollex, pubic, sternal, tarsal, thoracic, umbilical
  3. Posterior body landmarks: acromial, brachial, calcaneal, cephalic, dorsum, femoral, gluteal, lumbar, manus, occipital, olecranal, otic, perineal, plantar, popliteal, sacral, scapular, sural, vertebral

Body Direction and Orientation

1. Demonstrate the anatomical position.

2. Define the following terms. Use this terminology to describe the placement of a body structure along the body’s axis, or its relative closeness to the body’s surface, or its relationship between different structures when the body is in the anatomical position.

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a. Superior/inferior

b. Anterior/posterior

  1. Medial/lateral
  1. Cephalad (cranial)/caudal
  2. Proximal/distal

g. Superior (external)/deep (internal)

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  1. Dorsal/ventral h.Ipsilateral (same side)/contralateral

(opposite side)

Body Planes and Sections

  1. List the 4 planes or sections of the body and be able to specify these planes on various models
  2. Sagittal plane
  3. Midsagittal (median)
  4. Parasagittal
  5. Frontal (coronal) plane
  6. Transverse (horizontal) plane
  7. Cross sections
  8. Oblique (diagonal) plane

Body Cavities

  1. Identify the body cavities, their subdivisions, and the organs found within each body cavity
  2. Dorsal body cavity
  3. Cranial
  4. Vertebral (spinal)
  5. Ventral body cavity
  6. Thoracic
  7. Mediastinum
  8. Pericardial
  9. Pleural
  10. Abdominopelvic
  11. Abdominal
  12. Pelvic
  13. Peritoneal
  14. Name the subdivisions of the serous membrane (serosa) associated with the ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of organs

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  1. Pleura, parietal & visceral layers
  2. Pericardium, parietal & visceral layers
  3. Peritoneum, parietal & visceral layers

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions

  1. Identify the location of the 4 quadrants: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ on a torso model and identify the organs found within each quadrant
  2. Identify the location of the 9 regions, and the organs found within each region:

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  1. Right hypochondriac
  2. Right lumbar
  3. Right iliac (inguinal)
  4. Epigastric
  5. Umbilical
  6. Hypogastric (pubic)
  7. Left hypochondriac
  8. Left lumbar
  9. Left iliac (inguinal)

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Other Body Cavities

  1. Identify smaller body cavities, mostly associated with the head, and opening to the exterior (synovial being an exception)

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  1. Oral
  2. Nasal
  3. Orbital
  4. Middle ear
  5. Synovial

Organ Systems

1. Identify the major organs of each organ

system on a model or diagram

Complete the Review & Practice Sheets for Exercises 2 and 3

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