· Permanent studies—the study of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic, mathematics, and, at the secondary level, the greatest books of the Western World. (Hutchins)

· Disciplined study in five areas—command of the mother tongue and systematic study of grammar, literature and writing, mathematics, the sciences, history and foreign language (Bestor)

· Knowledge that comes from the disciplines (Phenix)

· Written Document (Beauchamp)


· Planned program of learning opportunities to achieve broad educational goals and related objectives (Alexander)

· All of the learning of students that is planned by and directed by the school to attain its educational goals (Tyler)

· Planned and guided learning experiences for the learners’ continuous and willful growth (Tanner & Tanner)

· A plan for learning (Taba)

· A plan for what is to be taught and is composed of what is to be taught, to whom, when, and how (McNeil)

· Planned actions for instruction (Macdonald)

· A series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences for one or more students (Eisner)


· Those experiences set up by the school for the purpose of disciplining students and youth in group ways of thinking and acting (Smith, Stanley & Shores)

· All of the experiences that learners have under the auspices of the school (Doll)

· Series of things that children and youth must do and experience (Bobbitt)

· Life and program of the school…an enterprise in guided living (Rugg)

· All the experiences children have under the guidance of teachers (Caswell & Campbell)

· The total experience with which the school deals in educating young people (Eight Year Study Report)

· A goal or set of values that is activated through a development process and culminates in classroom experiences for students (Wiles)


· Planed learning outcome for which the school is responsible (Popham & Baker)

· Structured set of learning outcomes (objectives) resulting from instruction (Howell, Fox, Morehead)

· Concerned not with what students will do in the learning situation, but with what they will learn as a consequence of what they do. Curriculum is concerned with results. (Johnson)

· All of the experiences that individual learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives (Hass)