Indexeinträge
agriculture see also: credit, date palms, grain, land ownership 96,159-60,166,170-71,204,310-12,323,326-29,344,383,428,435-42,446-48,479 +
ahl al-½all wa-l-þaqd 118 +
Air Ministry see: British Government
armies (see also: mercenaries, slaves) 7,90,131 British 376,379,502 in East Africa 459 in Hadhramaut 73-77,133,150,158-59,164,174,347,353,366,380,382-83,402,404-11,417,420,486,488-89,502,512,524,526-27 in India 55-56,218 in Japan 222 +
arms and the arms trade 76,203,312 bearing 42,63-64,85,149,303,500 control 121,409,500,529 smuggling and trade 87-88,180,346,,363-64,367,466,518+
artisans (see also: manufacturing) 41,44,242 +
awliyÁÿ see: saints
al-BakrÍ al-YÁfiþÍ, SalÁ½ as historian 30,312 on education 243,297-98,432 on Hadhrami history 61,161-62,303,358,363,524-26 criticism of sayyids 43,89,148,255,308 on Singapore initiative 356-57,360 as leader of Jamþiyya YÁfiþiyya 370 +s
banking, banks and bankers see also: credit 124,212,371,460,480,521 +
Batavia see also: Jakarta, Indonesia, Netherlands East Indies 35,60,198 colonial capital 58 Arab associations 199,233-40, 244,248-249,255,272,371 Arab entrepreneurs in 173,193,236-28 Arab headmen 234,242 Arab journals and journalists 258,390,398 Arab residents 211,280,298,347,356 Arab scholars in 202,271 British Consulate in 254,327,393 Chinese in 232 Ottoman consuls 210 +
Beduins see also: tribes, stratification, þurf 41,44,202,325, in the ¼ijÁz 53 Beduin affairs 415 and education 91,121,423,430,519 and law 156 and migration 408 and military 159,405 and security 87,162,330,393,443,466,480 and transport 159,310,330,405-08 urban view of 63-64,312 +
bidþa 94,188,298 +
Bi'r þAlÍ (extra entry): 368 (spelled differently!)
Bombay-Aden lines 49 +
Bombay Government see: British Government
boy scouts 243,294,316 +
British Government see also: Government of Bombay, Governor of Aden, Resident Adviser. Air Ministry 376 Colonial Office 376,378-79,381,391,401,416,450,509 Foreign Office 182,185,377,381,509,516 India Office 182,376,391 +
Cairo see also: al-Azhar 198,15-217,223,390,521,525 as a political and Islamic centre 1,251,254 Hadhrami migration to 50,54-5,318,454 Hadhramis studying in 114-15,195,230,272,478 British in 182 printing and journals in 213,215,286,294,315,343,359 ,387+
Cairo University 62 +
caliph and caliphate 190 Ottoman 176,197,204,208,210,213 Caliphate Movement (India) 348 +
camels 151,162,327,361,367,406-07 +
caravans 69,7-77,124,151,159-60,201,406-07 +
chiefdom 65,69-70,148,174-75,366,382,400,483,495 +
chieftaincy see: chiefdom
children 51,91,121-22,142,193,210-11,215,233-34,245,250,291,322-23,334,336,340,433-34,440,445,467,508,524 +
cigarettes see: tobacco
cinemas 331,507 +
cities see: towns
cloth see: textiles
coal 77,171 +
coffee 53,122,125,167,284,335-36 coffeehouses 324 +
colleges see: education
Colonial Office see: British Government Communism and Communists
consultation see: shÚrÁ
cooking see: cuisine
cotton (see also: textiles) 44,107 +
court of law see: law
credit see also: banks 55-56,106,124,148,151,295,338,402,438,441,448,480+
cuisine 98,104 (n. 70),167,280-81,284,330 +
currencies 133,338,347,359,512 +
customary law see: þurf
customs and customs revenues 169,173,345-46,357,364,366-69,408,415,417,420,434,480,486 +
al-DabbÁgh, þAlÍ 297 (n. 99) +
¼usayn 297 (n. 99) +
ÓÁhir 247,297 (n. 99) +
dÁþÍ see: daþwa
daþÍf, ±uþafÁÿ 41,152,406 +
dance 329 (n.253),330-31 +
date palms and dates 54,76,98,106,122,130 (n. 194),179,284,308,361,410,439-440+
daþwa 106,108,118,121,244,251,293,446 +
dawla 137,299 as political units 74,119,409 notions of 61-65,82,127,143,409 QuþayÔÍ notions of 149-155 as title of a ruler 142,145-47 +
debt and debt collection (see also: moneylending) 124,454 and naqÍb of al-MukallÁ 81,83 and QuþayÔÍs 55-56,151,172,495 of peasants 311,438 +
diet see: cuisine
disease see: health
donkeys 121,281,330 +
dress 41,123,329 +
drink see coffee; tea
drinking water 177,218,341 +
drought 2,48,307-8,311,361,435,442 +
Dutch (and the Netherlands) as imperial power 20,175,181,392,453,455,480 administration in the East Indies 224,226-27,242,244,256 and Aceh 197,227,389 and Arabs 202,210,272,396,479 language 244,372 schools 233,257 +
East Africa and East Africans (see also: slave trade; slaves) 2,187 Hadhramis in 34,47-48,50-53,60,190,242,380,389,457-463,465-67,519-21 Hadhrami trade with 8,59,435 Islam in 34,278,280-81 soldiers from 73,158 +
education in Hadhramaut: 234,266,310,330,340-41,343,433,477 religious: elementary (kuttÁb, þulma) 98,121,293-98,334,444-45,447,479 ribÁÔ 93,277-93,320,343,425,445,479
state 310,402,428,430-34,440,444,471-78,504,519,521, other 193,277,289-92,307,315,479-80,482-83,496-98, of women 266,322-23; in Southeast Asia 59,210,227,230-32,241 (n.75),243-45,247-251,257-260,262,264,268-269,271-73,275-76,318,340 in the Middle East 208,215,240,340 in Europe 239,340 in India 218-19 +
Egypt and Egpytians (see also: Cairo) 49,190,192-94,208,221,227,240,243-45,293,314,317-18,420,430,451,458,475,479,505,514-15,521 British in 85,205,2181,183,15-17 285 (n. 39) Hadhrami migrants to 49,52,54 (n. 82),275, and education 247,285 (n. 39),286,324,358,496,508-9 +
endowments see: waqf
extortion (see also: taxes) 75,120,126,134,141,144-45,147 +
fallÁ½ see also: peasant 41+
famine 52,361-62,368,480,494 famines of 1940s 44 406,424,430,434-38,447,452-53,457+
fiqh and faqÍh 92,100,103,219,280,293,319,333,351,424 uÈÚl al-fiqh 286 +
firearms see: arms
fish, fisheries, fishermen 36,70,172-73,193,336,363,383,437,485,488,520+
food, foodstuffs and food prices (see also: cuisine, famine) 123,125,139,153,162,167,312,326,367-68,436,453,480 +
Foreign Office see: British Government
frankincense 47,53-54 +
genealogy and concern with descent 6-7,27,39,41-44,93,119,241-2,145-6,249-51,267 +
Government of Aden Political Resident (until 1932) 21,44,70,78,83,86-87,181-84,217361,363,366-67,376,385-86,475 Chief Commissioner (1932-37) 364 (n. 93), Governor (1937-67) 21,376,460,478-79,486,493,495,498,504,507-8,512 +
Government of India 129,217 Governor of Bombay 86-87,349 +
graves (see also: ½ajj) 282 destruction of 100 graveyards 108 building and maintenance of 104,281 visitation of 42,104-05,202,255 +
Gulf and Gulf States see: Persian Gulf
guns see: arms
½a±ar see also: stratification 41,44-45,52,63,147,300,414 +
½a±Ára 262,307 +
½adÍth and ½adÍth studies 15 during late 18th and early 19th c. 99-103 during 2nd half of 19th c. 219,280,319 +
½ajj 111,188,200,203,208 (n. 88),226,239,358 (n. 64),463-64, and transport 49,53,186,406 (n. 40) +
½awÔa 42,68,126,134 of þAbdallÁh b. þAlawÍ al-¼addÁd 95 of A½mad al-Mi½±Ár 163 of A½mad b. Zayn 112-13 of Àl þAydarÚs in TarÍm 103,412 +
health zusätzlicher Eintrag 494 +
hides see: livestock
¼ijÁz and ¼ijÁzÍs (see also: Jeddah, Mecca, Medina) 285 (n. 39) Hadhramis in
½irafiyyÍn see also: artisans 41 +
½irthÁn 41,106 +
horses 54,74 (n. 160),281
hospitals see: health
Hyderabad 75,79,82,217-220 KathÍrÍs in 71-72,137,138 (n. 7),168 QuþayÔÍs in 71,85,150 (n. 52),151,156,159,163,169,172,186,349-51,358,361-62,365,419,486 AbÚ Bakr b. ShihÁb in 190-91 Arabs in 52 (t.),55-56,70,72,115,195-96,198,456-58,465
þUmar b. þUbayd b. þAbdÁt, see Ibn þAbdÁt ii, 46, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 68, 70, 71, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 98, 102, 107, 109, 111, 112, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 135, 137, 138, 140, 144, 145, 147, 169, 171, 193, 194, 196, 203, 206, 208, 211, 212, 233, 234, 237, 259, 260, 263, 269, 270, 271, 272, 280, 285, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313, 319, 329, 332, 370, 373, 374, 378, 379, 387, 399, 400, 406, 408, 413, 414, 419, 434, 442, 443, 449, 450, 455, 456, 457, 465, 468, 471 nur dort
Ibn ShihÁb al-DÍn, AbÚ Bakr b. þAbd al-Ra½mÁn b. Mu½ammad (1846-1922) ii, 18, 81, 149, 151, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, 173, 175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 194, 221, 230, 233, 240, 243, 252, 254, 260, 275, 276, 278, 287, 293, 295, 303, 307, 308, 321, 322, 328, 329, 330, 332, 345, 357, 378, 392, 399, 416, 417, 420, 425 Eintrag bitte bei Ibn Shih...
ijtihÁd 99
imÁra see: chiefdom
India (and Indians) (see also: Gujarat; Hyderabad; Malabar Coast) British authorities in diaspora Hadhramis in Islam in
India viii, 2, 6, 7, 14, 17, 18, 27, 29, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 70, 74, 75, 85, 87, 96, 120, 129, 132, 136, 139, 143, 152, 156, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 180, 182, 184, 186, 211, 218, 220, 235, 245, 266, 280, 281, 292, 300, 310, 314, 319, 327, 329, 330, 332, 349, 376, 380, 382, 390, 448, 449, 461, 462, 463, 468, 471, 472, 475, 479, 480
India Office see: British Government
Indonesia and Indonesians discrimination against Hadhramis Hadhrami immigration Hadhrami enterprise in Hadhrami factions in Islam and education in Outer Islands of
Indonesia ix, 2, 5, 41, 44, 49, 191, 198, 207, 215, 257, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 386, 398, 399, 415, 417, 418, 450, 451, 456, 457, 460, 467, 469, 471, 473, 475
Ingrams, William Harold (1897-1973) iii, 2, 17, 18, 25, 34, 35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45, 49, 50, 66, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 137, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 153, 236, 242, 248, 251, 277, 286, 289, 308, 309, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 356, 357, 359, 361, 362, 378, 382, 393, 399, 412, 423, 442, 449, 450, 467
intellectuals
IrshÁd see: Jamþiyyat al-IrshÁd
Iraq 308
irrigation see also: agriculture 76-77 (n. 176), 311,326-29,415,438-40,442,448,459 +
iÈlÁ½ (see also: specific areas of reform) 10-17,98,307
Istanbul 197 (als "Ottoman Capital" gekennzeichnet, daher vermutlich nicht erkenntlich)
Jamþiyyat al-IrshÁd wa-l-IÈlÁ½
Jamþiyyat al-IÈlÁ½ wa-l-IrshÁd al-þArabiyya (Arab Association for Reform and Guidance) 249 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 225, 245, 249, 298, 454 24, 208, 209, 210, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 225, 230, 257, 291, 296, 297, 298, 299, 306, 308, 320, 325, 329, 333, 360, 392
Java 2, 17, 28, 38, 39, 41, 49, 51, 53, 87, 95, 98, 118, 121, 122, 136, 144, 149, 152, 157, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 173, 176, 188, 190, 191, 194, 198, 211, 213, 220, 225, 227, 230, 240, 242, 243, 249, 250, 251, 259, 268, 276, 277, 278, 280, 283, 284, 298, 310, 326, 332, 400, 449, 450, 451, 459
Java (and Javanese) (see also: Indonesia)
Jews
al-JifrÍ, ¼asan b. ÆÁli½ 113,
jihÁd
joint-stock companies 328
journalism and journalists 312-326, and passim
judges 284,333,
justice and justice system 310,341,343
karÁma see: saints
khurÁfÁt see: superstitions
kinship
kissing of hands
labour, (and labourers) (see also: slave trade) general in agriculture 325 labour market124,325
landowners and landownership in Hadhramaut 95f.,280,326-328 in India 335, in Indonesia
land reform
law and legislation (see also: judges, sharÍþa, þurf)
literacy
livestock and animal products 281,308,323
locusts
al-ManÁr (Cairo) 340f.
manÈab
manufacturing (see also: artisans) 311,323,344
Maoism see: Communism
market places
marriage see also: kinship) 313,339
Marxism see: Communism
maskÍn, masÁkin (see also: stratification) 41,152,
al-MashhÚr, þAbd al-Ra½mÁn b. Mu½ammad (1834-1902) 21, 23, 35, 45, 68, 76, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 105, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 127, 136, 137, 145, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 181, 196, 197, 202, 204, 206, 225, 226, 227, 237, 238, 240, 244, 245, 273, 274, 279, 280, 281, 283, 285, 297, 326, 443, 471
al-MashhÚr þAlawÍ b. þAbd al-Ra½mÁn b. AbÍ Bakr (1846/47 - 1922) 21, 23, 35, 45, 68, 76, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 105, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 127, 136, 137, 145, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 181, 196, 197, 202, 204, 206, 225, 226, 227, 237, 238, 240, 244, 245, 273, 274, 279, 280, 281, 283, 285, 297, 326, 443, 471
al-MaÔbaþa al-salafiyya 342
manufacturing and industry 11-12,58-59,166,239,344,353,466
mathematics 277
mawlid 93,279,282
meat see: livestock,food
Mecca (see also: ½ajj) Hadhramis in 128 (n. 186) scholarship in ShÁfiþÍ muftÍ of 284 (n. 36) SharÍf of
Mecca viii, 1, 41, 44, 45, 68, 71, 98, 99, 107, 144, 158, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 180, 202, 204, 207, 208, 213, 225, 233, 238, 239, 248, 278, 290, 292, 450, 451, 457
mercenaries
merchants (see also: stratification; trade) introducing changes 327
Meulen, Daan van der 332 (n.268)
migration criticism of 122-124
millet see: grain
missions and missionaries (Christian, for Islamic proselytisation see: daþwa) 332
money-lending (and moneylenders) see: credit
mosques in the diaspora in Hadhramaut 284,324,341
motor transport see: roads
muftÍ in Hadhramaut of Hadhramaut 284 elsewhere
Muhammadiya
mules 330
music 279f.,331
muslin see: textiles
muwallad
nah±a (see also: reform) 277,333,
Naqhshbandiyya see: ÓarÍqa
nationalisation
nationalism (see also: specific territories) African Arab Hadhrami Indonesian Yemeni
navy see: fleet
Netherlands see: Dutch
Netherlands 16, 28, 50, 140, 146, 151, 165, 169, 172, 176, 177, 187, 190, 191, 193, 196, 203, 204, 205, 209, 214, 216, 228, 311, 325, 326, 328, 377, 379, 399, 400, 451, 456, 467, 480, 481
Netherlands East Indies 25, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 40, 42, 49, 81, 94, 151, 152, 176, 177, 188, 190, 191, 192, 195, 198, 200, 205, 211, 216, 223, 226, 264, 291, 308, 309, 325, 328, 358, 377, 378, 467, 472
newspapers and periodicals (see also: journalism; specific names) in Hadhramaut in the Malay world in the Middle East and passim
oil, mineral in Hadhramaut 170-71,386,442-43,450,454,463,474,482,498,511-12 in the Gulf 54,464-65,515 diesel 439-40 +
Ottoman Empire (and Ottomans) (see also: ¼ijÁz, Istanbul) and South Arabia and South East Asia
Ottoman Empire 1, 17, 22, 31, 44, 67, 68, 69, 74, 82, 123, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 185, 190, 196, 200, 201, 204, 205, 207, 217, 250, 262, 450, 460, 461, 463, 466, 473, 480
pan-Islamism
passes, passports and visas
peace agreements 338,341
peasants see also: credit, ±aþÍf, fallÁ½, ½irthÁn 31,36,41,122,295,436-445,451-52,459,471-72,479,483,529 and taxation 303,311,358 +
pepper 335 +
Persian Gulf Gulf States
pilgrimage see: ½ajj, ziyÁra
plantations see: land ownership
poems, poets and poetry 15,28,92,94,96,134,162,187-89,213,287,291,314,318,320-21,323,327,331,354,393,397-98,429,473,475,486,506 +
political parties (see also: associations) 309
port and ports 46,53-54,60,70,77,151,267,346,366,368-69 of al-MukallÁ and al-Shi½r 2,45,47,49,75-76,81-83,153,164,169,177,179,182, (n. 204),330,408,463,527 facilities at 170,174,506-7 of Aden 450,468 minor ports of South Arabian coast 150 Red Sea coast 50,192, of East Africa 51,264 of South East Asia 56,58,107,227, British 180 +
porters 53 +
press see: journalism, newspapers,printing
printing 18,190,205-6,227,294,313-15,325,342-43,353,474,492,504-5,534-35 (t.) +
Prophet Mu½ammad 284 descent from family of sunna of
qabÍla, qabÁÿil see: tribe; stratification
qÁ±Í see: judges
QÁdiriyya
al-QadrÍ family 108 (n. 90)
qarar 41
quarters of towns 332 associations 289,329 (n.253) politics
QuþayÔÍ sultanate administration of rivalry with KathÍrÍ
al-QuþayÔÍ
ÆÁli½ (brother of þAwa± b. þUmar !865-1910) 24, 44, 72, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 96, 97, 108, 112, 114, 118, 119, 120, 122, 137, 138, 151, 212, 234, 236, 268, 271, 279, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 302, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 312, 313, 319, 320, 323, 324, 329, 330, 331, 332, 335, 337, 341, 353, 394, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 424, 442, 445, 451, 456, 457, 458, 474, 475
ÆÁli½ b. GhÁlib (1936) 310 293, 294, 305, 406, 407, 408, 442
ÆÁli½ b. GhÁlib (r. 1936-1956) 352 259, 293, 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 309, 312, 313, 319, 320, 323, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 337, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 355, 356, 405, 408, 409, 419 (331 (n. 263)
þAbdallÁh (brother of þAwa± b. þUmar !865-1910) 162 vii, viii, 21, 23, 36, 46, 55, 59, 60, 63, 72, 74, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 119, 122, 125, 127, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 157, 161, 162, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176, 178, 181, 184, 188, 191, 196, 197, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 211, 213, 217, 224, 225, 226, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 249, 253, 254, 268, 271, 275, 277, 279, 280, 283, 284, 290, 294, 296, 307, 310, 313, 319, 321, 324, 326, 335, 338, 351, 352, 353, 354, 358, 359, 365, 371, 393, 398, 406, 408, 409, 410, 413, 414, 431, 439, 442, 443, 445, 449, 450, 451, 452, 455, 456, 457, 458, 460, 464, 465, 466, 467, 472, 476, 477, 479