Chapter 10 Dev. Handout

General Self Concept / Academic Self Concept / English
History
Math
Science
Social Self Concept / Peers
Significant Others
Emotional Self Concept / Particular Emotional States
Physical Self Concept / Physical Ability
Physical Appearance

Self Efficacy*

: learned expectations of your ability to carry out a behavior or produce a desired outcome in a particular situation (opp. of learned helplessness)

-high self efficacy motivates effort and persistence

-influenced by initial success/failure, observing others and patterns of reinforcement

Stages of Friendships

1. 4-7 years. Share toys/activities. Friendship based on time spent together

2. 8-10 years. Take personal qualities & traits into account. Based on mutual trust

3. 11-15 years. Intimacy & loyalty. Based on psychological closeness, disclosure & exclusivity

Status & Peer Acceptance~

: evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group.

*kids with higher status have greater access to resources & information, befriend other high-status kids, have more friends & do more social activities

Sex Segregated Friendships: COOTIES!

*Boys: more friends, larger groups, obvious dominance hierarchy. Concern over group status. Confrontation is typical. Overt aggression

*Girls: “best” friends, seek equal status friends, seek compromise with friends. Relational aggression

*Cross-culturally you find similar trends

Cross-Racial Friendships

*although race is less of a determinant than gender, kids are more likely to be close friends with kids of their own race. This trend becomes more pronounced with age.

The Psychological Tasks of Children dealing with Divorce

1.  Understanding the divorce

2.  Strategic withdrawal

3.  Dealing with loss

4.  Dealing with anger

5.  Working out guilt

6.  Accepting the permanence

7.  Taking a chance on love

Term / Definition
Peer group / A. The largest subgroup of rejected children
Peer culture / B. Children who show both academic and social competence
Relational aggression / C. Children who get a large number of positive and negative votes on sociometric measures of peer acceptance
Overt aggression / D. Children who get many positive votes on sociometric measures of peer acceptance
Trust / E. Verbal insults and pranks are an example of this
Popular children / F. Specialized vocabulary and a dress code are part of this
Rejected children / G. A subgroup of rejected children who are passive and socially awkward
Controversial children / H. A social unit that is formed by generating unique values and standards for behavior and a social structure of leaders and followers
Neglected children / I. Gossip, rumor spreading, and exclusion
Popular-prosocial children / J. The defining feature of school-age children’s friendships
Popular-antisocial children / K. Children who are actively disliked and get many negative votes on sociometric measures of peer acceptance
Rejected-aggressive children / L. Children who do not receive either positive or negative votes on sociometric measures of peer acceptance
Rejected-withdrawn children / M. Aggressive children who are liked because they are seen as “cool” and have athletic skills