LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EAST ASIA
Project Preparation under the PDF-B Grant
Annex 3A
Environmental Impact Assessment, Guangdong, PCR
Final Draft
Prepared by:
Dr. Zhang Yinan
Department of Environmental Science, ZhongshanUniversity
September, 2005
Table of Contents
1Introduction and Project Background
1.1 Purpose of the Report
1.2Brief Introduction to the EA Report
1.2.1Importance of the Project
1.2.2Structure of the Report
1.3Bases of Assessment
1.3.1Laws and Regulations
1.3.2Technical Documents
1.3.3Main Design Documents
1.4Principles of Environmental Assessment
1.5Relationship to Feasibility Study
1.6EA Team
1.7Assessment Scope and Periods Covered
1.7.1Assessment Scope
1.7.2Periods Covered
1.8Assessment Factors
1.9Assessment Focus and Categorization
1.10Assessment Criteria
1.11Assessment Focus and Categorization
1.12Assessment Procedure
2Policy, Legislation & Administration Framework
2.1Organizations & Administrative Framework
2.2National Policy & Strategy for Environmental Protection.
2.3WB Requirements
3Project Description
3.1Project Goals
3.1Project Goals
3.2Project Objectives
3.3.2Demonstration of Livestock Waste Management Component
3.3.3Development of Decision Support Tools and Regional Coordination Component
3.3.4 Project Management and Monitoring Component
3.4Indicators of Project Success
3.5Project Area
3.6Project Implementation Schedule
3.7Project Investment
4Description of Existing Environment
4.1 Description of Existing Environment of Guangdong
4.1.1 Physical Environment of Guangdong
4.1.2 Ecological Environment of Guangdong
4.1.3 Socio-cultural Environment of Guangdong
4.2 Description of Existing Environment of Boluo county
4.2.1 Physical Environment of Boluo
4.2.2 Ecological Environment of Boluo
4.2.3 Socio-cultural Environment of Boluo
5Public Participation
5.1Consultation Method and Subject
5.1.1Consultation with Family or Individual
5.1.2Inter-agency and NGO Consultation
5.2Public Opinion and Suggestion
5.3Information Disclosures and Feedback
5.1.3Information Disclosure Plan of the PMO
5.4Beneficial Participation Plan
5.5Summary of Public Participation
6Analysis of Alternatives
6.1Analysis of “Without Project” Alternative
6.1.1 Current Status of Livestock waste management/disposal
6.1.2Current Status of Natural water, soil and air
6.1.3Present status of applied research, extension and training
6.2Analysis of “With Project” Alternative
6.2.1 Analysis of Reducing pollution
6.2.2 Analysis of “With Project” Alternative
7Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures
7.1Potential Sources of Effect
7.2 Analysis of Environmental Impact & Proposed Mitigation Measures in Construction Phase, Guangdong
7.2.1 Flora and Fauna and Nature reserves
7.2.2Soil Erosion
7.2.3Acoustic Environment
7.2.4Air Quality
7.2.5Cultural Heritage
7.2.5Minority Nationalities
7.3 Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures During Project Operation in Boluo County of Guangdong
7.3.1Lagoon System
7.3.2Biogas production
7.3.3. Soil application
8Environmental Management Plan
8.1Implementation Organizations and Responsibilities
8.1.1Implementation Organizations
8.1.2Role of PMO and Environmental Monitors
8.1.3Supervision Organization
8.1.4Environmental Management Plan
8.2Environmental Monitoring Plan, Guangdong
8.2.1Monitoring Items
8.2.2Monitoring Implementer
8.2.3Monitoring Report System
8.2.4implementation/construction Monitoring (Baseline data)
8.2.5Monitoring during Operation
8.2.6Environmental Monitoring Budget
8.3Environmental Training/Institutional Strengthening Plan
8.3.1Training Objectives
8.3.2Training Courses, Guangdong
8.4Budgets of Guangdong
9Environmental Guidline
9.1 Demonstration Area Selection
9.2 Environment management plan
9.2.1 Environmental Impact Analysis
9.2.2 The mitigation measures
9.3 Recommendations and Environmental Requirements
10Conclusions and Recommendations
10.1Major Conclusions
10.1.1Selection of Project Areas
10.1.2Environmental Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures
10.2Recommendations
10.2.1Follow-up Program
10.2.2Public Participation
10.2.3Further Suggestions and Environmental Requirements
11List of References
Appendix 1 Terms of References
Appendix 2: EA Team, Guangdong
Appendix 3 Minutes of Public Discussion
Appendix 4 Environment Standard
Appendix 5 Public Health Assessment
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Preliminary Identification Matrix for Main Environmental Impact Factors of LWMEP
Table 3-1 Project County Distribution and Production System
Table 4-1 Main River System Area Groundwater Resource Data
Table 4-2 Land Use Status in Guangdong Province , 2002
Table 4-3 The Climatic Characteristics of the Project County
in Guangdong province
Table 4-4 The Characteristics of the rivers in Guangdong project county
Table 4-5 Surface water quality in Boluo of Guangdong Province in 2003
Table4-6 Situation of wastewater discharge of each county of Huizhou city 2002
Table 4-7 Important nature reserves related to the project counties
Table 4-8 The population of the project county in Guangdong province
Table 4-9 Land Use Status in project County in Guangdong Province (2002)
Table 4-10 Crop area and yield information for project county (2002)
Table 4-11 Public Health Survey of Boluo County
Table4-12 Public Health Survey of Jiutan Area in Yuanzhou Township
Table 6-1 Pollutants contents of pig production wastewater
according to different references (g/L)
Table6-2 Reduction of pollution after implementing the project
Table 7-1 Estimated Noise Value of Construction Machinery
Table 7-2 Noise Limit at Construction Site (GBl2523—90) Unit：dB(A)
Table 7-3 Ambient air quality standard（mg/m3）
Table 7-4 Standards of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises
（GB12348—90）dB(A)
Table 8-1 Environment Supervision Plan, LWMEAP, China
Table 8-2 Environment Management Plan for LWMEAP, China
Table 8-3 Construction Air Quality Monitoring Program
Table 8-4 Noise Monitoring Program During Construction
Table 8-5 Cost Estimate for water quality analyses at Guangdong ProvinceTable 8-6 Cost Estimation of soil quality analyses at Guangdong Province
Table 8-6 Cost Estimation of soil quality analyses at Guangdong Province
Table 8-7 Cost of Environmental Monitoring at implementation sites, Guangdong
Table 8-8 Salary Cost of Environment Protection Staff Of PMOs, Guangdong
List of Figure
Figure 1-1 Assessment Procedures for the EA of LWMEAP
Figure 2-1 Organizational Structure of Environmental Administrative Framework
Figure 3-1 Map of Guangdong and Project Counties
Figure 4-1 Sketch map of Dongjiang water system surface water provincial control monitoring sections site
Figure 8-1 Environmental Management Organization during Construction Stage
Figure 8-2 Environmental Management Organization during Operation Stage
Figure 8-3 Monitoring Report Chart, Guangdong
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List of Abbreviations
AHBAnimal Husbandry Bureau
BODBiological Oxygen Demand
CODChemical Oxygen Demand
CPMOCountyProject Management Office
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EA Environmental Assessment
EC Electrical Conductivity
EDC Ecological DemonstrationCounty
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMS Environmental Monitoring Station
EP Environmental Protection
EPB Environmental Protection Bureau
FS Feasibility Study
IFA International Fund Association
MOAMinistry of Agriculture
PEMO Provincial Environmental Management Office
PLG Project Leading Group
PPMO Provincial Project Management Office
PRC PeoplesRepublic of China
SEI Significant Environmental Issue
SDPC ChinaState Development and Planning Commission
SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency
TSS Total Suspended Solids
TSP Total Suspended Particulates
WB World Bank
TOR Terms of References
LWMEAPLivestock waste management project in China
OPER Operation stage
IMP Implementation stage
Exchange Rate
US$ 1.0 = 8.27 RMB (As of July18,2004)
Executive Summary
China, Thailand and Vietnamthree countries and FAO/LEAD had approached the World Bank to request assistance from GEF for a regional ‘Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project’. The proposal for this Project was approved by GEF Secretariat (under International Waters/Contaminant-based OperationalProgram#10) into pipeline entry on June 13, 2003.
In order to reach the project objectives, four main project components are identified. The project components and all activities to be financed under these components are integrated, i.e., they are building on each other and generate a joint benefit that would not be achievable if the components were implemented separately. A consequence of this approach is that most of the activities are closely linked to the geographical area and livestock development/management schemes. The main project components are:
(i)Conducive Policy Framework Component;
(ii)Demonstration of Livestock Waste Management Component;
(iii)Development of Decision Support Tools and Regional Coordination Component;
(iv)Project Management and Monitoring Component
Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and GuangdongProvince have applied for inclusion in the proposed GEF project to support the promotion of Livestock Waste Management in GuangdongProvince and in cooperation with other countries in the region, reduce the negative local and global environmental impacts of rapidly increasing livestock production in the watersheds of Pearl River. The Project has been designed in order to lead to reduction of land-based pollution from livestock production of the international water of the SouthChinaSeas. The Livestock Waste Management Project in Guangdonghas selected Yuanzhou Township of Boluo County as demonstration sites. However,to this date project has not decided which farms should be used as demonstration farms.
Its annual average temperature varies from 19°C in the north to over 23°C in Leizhou Peninsula in the south. In January, its average temperature varies from 9°C in the north to 16°C in the south, while in July, from 28°C to 29°C, with an annual evaporation amount of 1,000mm in the north and 1,200mm in the south respectively. Influenced by the monsoons from the SE, it has plentiful rainfall of 1,500mm-2, 000mm annually with 40 percent falling during the summer. The annual sunshine is about I, 750 hours in Northern Guangdong, 1,800-2,000 hours in the middle, and 2,000-2,200 hours along the coast. With plenty of rainfall and lots of sunshine, life is thriving here, with a large diversity of fruits, vegetables, and many other plants. Table 4-1 presents the “typical” climatic data for selected project county.
The total project investment in the three countries (China, Thailand and Vietnam) is approximately 31.7 millions USD, including GEF contribution of about 7 millions USD, LEAD contribution of about 0.5 millions USD, governments contribution of about 6 millions USD and private sector investment of about 18.2 millions USD.
The environmental and social analysis of the Livestock Waste Management Project indicated that if the project is implemented successfully, it would have no major direct negative impact on the natural environment, its overall social and environmental impact would be positive. The project, should improve and support an integrated and comprehensive approach to managing and reducing livestock production nutrient load that is currently polluting the local and international waters, and strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making systems for livestock management at the Guangdong provincial levels in PRC. The achievement of these objectives should lead to reduction of soil and water pollution from livestock liquid and solid manure, leading to improvement of national and international water quality and public health, and a more equitable distribution of benefits generated from the rapidly growing livestock production. The project should create greater economic and social stability in the project areas as well as enhance institutional capacity in the project-selected areas and the whole province to better implement effective Environmental Protection Plans. It is recommended that the GEF, FAO, World Bank and relevant departments in China support the implementation of this project and urge the earliest start of the project.
The negative impact to the environment during implementation/construction phase of the project in Guangdong is temporal with very limited magnitude. The major potential impacts to the environment include: impact to vegetation due to temporary land occupation at the construction sites, pollution of waste of daily life at the construction site and noise and dust of the construction machinery. If the mitigation measures proposed in the Report were implemented properly, the negative impact to the environment during implementation/construction phase can be minimized.
During operational phase, potential environmental issues that are identified in the report include: (1) potential impact (Nutrient overload) on surface and groundwater resources, and soil, ifwastewater from cleaning of breeding facilities or from biogas/lagoonponds applied intensively on cropland not according to the soilcharacter and nutrient condition, or discharged to the surface water not reaching the discharge standard (2) potential soil pollution through applyingwaste sludge from respectivemanuremanagement facilities improperly on croplands, (3) potential adverse impact on biodiversity, contagious animal diseases on wildlife, increase in plant diseases and yield reduction if improper or intensive application of effluents on soil, (4) potential air pollution (toxic gases and odor) as well as greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4), in case biogas reactors gas collection systems are not working properly, and fermentation of livestock manure,and (5)construction of a lagoon/central biogas/waste water treatment facility in project site will occupy a relatively large area of farm land.
Water pollution can negatively impacts the quality of both surface and groundwater resources within and downstream of the project area. Risk of spills, structure failure, and purposeful discharges must be taken into account. The potentially contagious animal diseases caused by dangerous pathogens, bacteria and virus can be spread out through the application of untreated swine wastes and can cause proliferation of diseases. In addition, nutrients pollution in the water bodies may occur through leaching of nutrients accumulated in soil, when excessive amounts of solid and liquid manure were applied.
Regarding each possible adverse impact, corresponding mitigation measure is proposed for the purpose of preventing or reducing it to insignificant levels. The use of better watershed management and best management practices based on the latest findings of research and extension component of the project should guide livestock farmers and managers in use of rational and environmentally balanced methods to reduce point and non-point source pollution within the project areas. In order to cope with the complex environmental issues, an environmental management plan (EMP) including institutional strengthening, environmental training and environmental monitoring plan is developed, and is presented in Chapter 8, in which the responsibilities of the Project Management Office and other related institutions, environment management training and environment monitoring plan and cost have been clearly spell out. The EMP should be strictly implemented to ensure that the proposed project would have neither significant nor irreversible adverse impact on the natural environment of the project area
1
1Introduction and Project Background
The substantial problems arising from growing and intensifying livestock production to the local and global environment are increasingly recognized by countries in East Asia. The Governments of China, Thailand, and Vietnam have been working over the last few years on strengthening their policies and regulations to reduce these negative effects. The donor initiative LEAD has provided financial and technical assistance on this issue to these three countries. Nevertheless, pollution from intensive livestock is still increasing at considerable rates throughout the region.
Before this background the three countries and FAO/LEAD had approached the World Bank to request assistance from GEF for a regional ‘Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project’. The proposal for this Project was approved by GEF Secretariat (under International Waters/Contaminant-based OperationalProgram#10) into pipeline entry on June 13, 2003.
Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and GuangdongProvince have applied for inclusion in the proposed GEF project to support the promotion of Livestock Waste Management in GuangdongProvince and in cooperation with other countries in the region, reduce the negative local and global environmental impacts of rapidly increasing livestock production in the watersheds of Pearl River. The Project has been designed in order to lead to reduction of land-based pollution from livestock production of the international water of the SouthChinaSeas. The Livestock Waste Management Project in Guangdong, covering BoluoCounty in GuangdongProvince that hereafter is called LWMEAP are the outcome of this Project.
1.1 Purpose of the Report
The proposed Livestock LWMEAP in Guangdong Province of PRC aims at improving and supporting an integrated and comprehensive approach to managing and reducing livestock production nutrient load that is currently polluting the local and international waters, and to strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making systems for livestock management at the Guangdong provincial levels in PRC. The achievement of these objectives should lead to reduction of soil and water pollution from livestock liquid and solid manure, leading to improvement of national and international water quality and public health, and a more equitable distribution of benefits generated from the rapidly growing livestock production. The project should create greater economic and social stability in the project areas as well as enhance institutional capacity in the project-selected areas and the whole province to better implement effective Environmental Protection Plans.
The aims of this EA report include:
(i)Qualitative analysis and assessment of present natural environment and the socio-economic conditions in the project areas and determine the scope and extent of future impacts. The implementation of the project is reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection;
(ii)To determine the potential environmental impacts and to disseminate the findings of the project to other areas; and
(iii)To prepare mitigation measures to reduce/eliminate the potential negative environmental impacts, enhance the positive impacts of the project, and prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) for pre-implementation, implementation, construction and operation of the project to ensure environmental sustainability of the project.
The terms of reference (TOR) for compilation of EA report between the Technical executive Organization (FAO) and the Local Consultant on EA is presented in Annex A.
1.2Brief Introduction to the EA Report
1.2.1Importance of the Project
Urbanization and population increase and improvement of living standard in Guangdong Province of PRC has increased the demand for meat products and provided the favorable economic condition for livestock development. Urbanization and increase in demand for animal products have been accompanied with the specification and intensification in animal production and disintegration of crop and animal producers. Majority of livestock production operations in China are based on household business and small private farms or enterprises. Due to high demands, household and farming income has been increasing steadily in the animal breeding areas of Guangdong province . However, the economic development has caused environmental pollution and poor health condition within high population density cities and counties in the Pearl River Delta, including ZengCheng, XinHui, BoLuo, GaoMing and SiHui. DongGuanCity. Surface and ground water quality data monitoring have shown appreciable increase in organic and nutrient loading of water resources and their bacterial contamination.
Biogas digester has been used in some private farms to treat livestock (pig) waste. The National Strategy has had programs to support the farmers to install biogas. Although techniques for building and operating biogas digesters are not difficult, but not all operations are appropriately implemented. Many constructed biogas tanks are now unused, broken down, waste material, and/or leaking gas that has negative impact on local inhabitants, some biogas tank are designed too small to treat the produced livestock waste on the farm. In addition, the discharge leakage from biogas tanks have not met the discharge standards for the domestic wastewater as stipulated in Discharge Standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding (GB18596-2001).