Chiyoda 1

Miki Chiyoda

AP US History

Mr. Kann

October 11, 2015

  1. Religious Skepticism
  2. by 1790: 10% were part of formal churches
  3. Deism: originated among philosophers in France
  4. accept God but as a being that created universe then left humans and their sins
  5. Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason: published 1794-1796
  6. Christianity committed murder upon Jesus in order to redeem mankind from eating an apple.
  7. Rel. Skep. → Universalism & Unitarianism
  8. reject Calvinism
  9. Salvation available to all
  10. Jesus was a religious teacher, not son of god
  11. James Murray→ Universalist Church
  12. Gloucester, 1779
  13. The Second Great Awakening
  14. traditional religion→ big comeback: 1801
  15. New Light Dissenters: peeps making religion to fit new rationalities
  16. Methodism: John Wesley
  17. Founded in England→ America in 1770s
  18. Formal denomination in 1784
  19. under leadership of Francis Asbury
  20. New Awakening starts with Presbyterians in Yale and other big colleges
  21. 1801: Cane Ridge, Kentucky
  22. Evangelical ministers→ camp meeting

○25,000 people

  1. 2nd Awakening
  2. combined active piety w/ belief in God as an active force in world whose grace attained by faith and good deeds.
  3. accelerated growth of diff. sects and denominations
  4. helped create popular accep. of idea that men and women could belong to diff. Protest. churches and still → faith
  5. New Evangelicalism
  6. provided social stability and sense of order in communities still looking for identity
  7. abundance of women
  8. church memb. → mostly women
  9. Women→ revivals

○Men went off on own when women couldn’t

○Responding to economic roles

↳movement of industrial work from home

✓spinning and weaving

✓making rapid steps in nineteenth cen.

  1. Effect on African Americans
  2. Salvation available to all
  3. black revival meetings

○virginia

○plan in 1800

↳Gabriel Prosser

↳slave rebellion and attack on Richmond

↳Discovered by white guys and forestalled

  1. Stirred racial unrest
  1. Effects on Native Americans
  2. 1760s: Delaware prophet: combining Christian and Indian imagery→ vision of a personal god, involved in affairs of man.

○Called for rise of Indians in defense of lands denounced growth of trade and relations w/ white guys

○Stimulate Indian military efforts of 1763+

  1. Handsome Lake

○influenced

↳Iroquois men to leave hunting and become sedentary farmers

✓Iroquois women→ domestic roles

➢Witches if they refused

↳Christian missionaries to become active in tribes

  1. Freethinkers
  2. skeptical philosophers
  3. disappear after 1800
  1. Technology in America
  2. Samuel Slater: build spinning mill for Quaker merchant Moses Brown
  3. Pawtucket, PI: 1790
  4. first modern factory
  5. Oliver Evans
  6. automated flower mill
  7. card making machine
  8. improved steam engine
  9. first textbook The Young Mill-Wright’s and Miller’s Guide
  10. Eli Whitney
  11. revolutionised cotton prod. and weap manufac.
  12. growth of textile industry
  13. cotton gin

○UP textile ind

  1. during undec. war. w/ France→ new machine to make parts of guns
  2. Manuf. of other things used this machine
  1. 1840s: true manufacturing economy
  1. Transportation Innovations
  2. 1785-1810: 125,000-1,000,000 Amer. vessels engaged in overseas traffic
  3. 30% ships were w/ exports: 1789
  4. 90% exports in 1810
  5. Develop. of the steamboat
  6. Oliver Evans’s→ high-pressure engine
  7. Clermont: steamboat sailed up Hudson in 1807
  8. 1811: N.J. Roosevelt introduced steamboat to West
  9. Turnpike Era
  10. 1792: corporation made toll road: Philly → Lancaster
  11. Rising Cities
  12. 3% of non-Indian pop lived in towns of more than 8,000: 1800
  13. Philly: 70,000 residents
  14. NY: 60,000
  15. Both becoming major centers for commerce and learning
  16. Dollars and Ships
  17. 1802: Jeff. administration reverse Hamilton’s taxes
  18. persuaded congress to abolish internal taxes
  19. customs duties only source of revenue
  20. cut the national debt in half during presidency (Jeff)
  21. reduced gov’t spending, scaled down army forces
  22. 1801: pasha of Tripoli wanted war
  23. 1805: US agree w/ pasha ended american payments of tribute but had to pay ransom of $60,000.00 for release of prisoners.
  24. Conflict w/ the Courts
  25. Jefferson’s supporters in congress wanted repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801
  26. Marbury v. Madison
  27. 1803
  28. William Marbury was not handed commission when Adams left
  29. Madison refused to hand over commission though already signed and completed
  30. Marbury had right to his commission, but court had no authority to order Madison to give it to Marbury.
  31. {original}Judiciary act of 1789: given court power to compel exec. officials → deliver commissions
  32. John Marshall: Chief justice at time of ruling→ 1835
  33. Served as sec. of state for J, Adam
  34. Jefferson recognised threat of assertive judiciary
  35. /X/ J. Pickering
  36. Maybe on sus of mentally insane and unfit for office
  37. Justice Samuel Chase
  38. Partisan Federalist
  39. delivered partisan speeches from the bench

○injudicious but not a crime

○ Congress could impeach a judge for political reasons

↳if disregarding the will of the peep

  1. Impeachment of Samuel Chase

○At Jefferson’s urging: house impeached Chase→ trial before senate early in 1805

↳Repub. leaders unable to get ⅔ vote for conviction

  1. Marshall remained
  1. Jefferson and Napoleon
  2. Napoleon wanted to regain lands west of Mississippi
  3. Belonged to Spain
  4. {secret} Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800

○France → Louisiana: whole of miss. valley + west of river + New Orleans

  1. Napoleon’s emp. in the New World
  2. Sugar-rich West Indian Islands
  3. Guadaloupe, Martinique, Santo Domingo

○Caribbean slaves posed threat to potential of islands

↳Africans in Santo Domingo revolted and created repub of their own

✓Toussaint L’Ouverture

↳Napoleon→ army to West In.

✓Crushed insurrection

✓Restored Fr. influence

  1. Jefferson was a sucker to France
  2. reconsidered his sucker-ness tho when he heard of secret treaty
  3. 1802: Spanish Intendant in New Orleans→ /X/ forbid American ships from sailing the Miss. River

○Spain guaranteed Americans every right in Pinckney Treaty of 1795

  1. sent Robert Livingston→ negotiate the purchase of Louisiana

○Sell US the western part of Louisiana

  1. Jeff persuaded Cong. to raise funds for exp. of army + construction of river fleet

○Deliberately gave impress. American forces→ N Orleans

  1. Napoleon ✓ Livingston's prop

○Offer U.S all Louisiana

  1. Napoleon gave up for good reason
  2. yellow fever /X/ much of French Army

○reinforcements frozen into Dutch harbour thru winter of 1802-1803

  1. Louisiana Purchase
  2. April 30, 1803: Livingston and Monroe signed agreement of Louisiana
  3. Gov’t not given the ok
  4. US pay 80 mil francs (15 mil) → french gov’t
  5. US grant special commercial privilege for France in N Orleans port
  6. Jefferson’s Quandary
  7. Nowhere did the Constitution say anything about acquiring land
  8. Repub congress approved treaty appropriated money to implement provisions
  9. late 1803, French handed territory→ General James Wilkinson
  10. State of Louisiana→ 1812
  11. Lewis and Clark Explore the West
  12. Jefferson planned expedition→ cross continent to Pacific Ocean
  13. study geography
  14. investigate prospects for trade w/ Indians
  15. leader: Meriwether Lewis
  16. 32
  17. veteran of Indian wars
  18. private sec for Jeff
  19. Lewis chose colleague: William Clark
  20. 28
  21. experienced frontiersman and Indian fighter
  22. Spring of 1804: started
  23. help of Sacagawea
  24. September of 1806: ended
  25. Zebulon Pike
  26. Zebulon Montgomery Pike
  27. Led expedition in 1805, → Miss. valley
  28. 1806: set out up Arkansas River valley → Colorado
  29. The Burr Conspiracy
  30. Essex Junto: In MA, a group of extreme Federalists
  31. Concluded that only resource for NE was to succeed from Union; form a Northern Confederacy
  32. 1804: Burr became candidate for governor of New York
  33. Agreed to support Federalist plans for secession
  34. Hamilton accused Burr of treason
  35. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel

○July 1804, met at Weehawken NJ for the duel

○Killing Hamilton made a Burr a political outcast

  1. The Indian Problem and the British
  2. 1807: War crisis follows Chesapeake-Leopard incident
  3. Incident revived conflict between Indians and settlers
  4. William Henry Harrison v Tecumseh
  5. Harrison, a veteran Indian Fighter @ age 26
  6. Largely responsible for passage in 1800 of Harrison Land Law

○Land law: enabled white settlers to acquire farms from public domain lands more easily

○To conclude treaties to get more land, Harrison turned tribes against each other, used threats, bribes and trickery.

  1. 1801, Jefferson appoints Harrison governor of Indiana Territory
  1. Jefferson’s offer - assimilate into white society or migrate to the west, west of Mississippi.
  2. By 1807, US had taken treaty rights to eastern MI, southern Indiana, and most of Illinois
  1. Tecumseh and the Prophet
  2. Prophet was Tenskwatawa
  3. Anti-white/early activist of Indian pride; helped unite tribes
  4. Tecumseh’s brother
  5. Tecumseh is the chief of the Shawnees
  6. 1809, after tribes in Indiana gave lands to the US, Tecumseh set out to unite Indian tribes of the Mississippi Valley.
  7. This halted white expansion and took back the Northwest
  8. Created a boundary @ the Ohio River between US and Indian country
  9. 1811: Tecumseh left Prophet’s Town → Mississippi to visit tribes
  10. during absence, Harrison camped w/1000 soldiers and provoked a fight

○Nov 7, 1811 - Harrison burned down Prophet’s Town

○Battle of Tippecanoe

  1. Spring 1812, Indians raid white settlements
  1. Florida and War Fever
  2. Slaves escaped over Florida border; Indians launched raids into white settlements from Florida
  3. 1810, American settlers in West Fla seize Spanish fort @ Baton Rouge→ asked federal govt to annex the territory to the US
  4. War Hawks - voters who were eager for war knows as War Hawks
  5. nationalists who wanted territorial expansions
  6. Henry Clay of KY; John C Calhoun of SC - leaders of movement
  7. 1811: Clay → Speaker of the House
  8. Appointed Calhoun to crucial committee on foreign affairs
  9. June 18, 1812: Madison approves war against Britain
  10. Battles with the Tribes
  11. 1812: American forces invade Canada through Detroit
  12. Americans take command of Lake Ontario; allowed them to burn York, capital of Canada at the time
  13. US then seized Lake Erie
  14. Sept 10, 1813 - Oliver Hazard Perry engaged and dispersed Put-In Bay
  15. William Henry Harrison → up river Thames into Canada
  16. Oct 5, 1813 - one victory - the death of Tecumseh; aka, Battle of the Thames
  17. Andrew Jackson: March 27, 1814 - Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Jackson’s men took revenge on Indians; forcing Creek tribe to give up land and got pushed westward
  18. Jackson led troops to southern Fla, seized Spanish fort @ Pensacola.
  19. Battles with the British
  20. After Napoleon’s surrender, England → prepares to invade US.
  21. August 24, 1814: British troops enter Washington; set fire to public buildings including burning the White House.
  22. called British Invasion
  23. Sept 13, night of - Francis Scott Key - created the Star Spangled Banner
  24. 1931, song became national anthem
  25. Battle of Plattsburgh, Sept 11, 1814:
  26. US secured northern border by pushing back British.
  27. Battle of New Orleans, British retreat leaving 700 British dead. Jackson lost 8 people.
  28. Revolt of New England
  29. Battles of PiB and New Orleans, US suffered failures/humilities
  30. Hartford Convention
  31. Dec 15, 1814: delegates from NE states meet in CT to discuss grievances.
  32. Those in favor of secession were outnumbered.
  33. The Peace Settlement
  34. Peace talks between US and British began before War of 1812
  35. Treaty of Ghent - Christmas eve 1814; British give up intention of creating an indian buffer state in the northwest. Required that US give back to tribes the lands they’d taken during fighting.
  36. Rush Bagot Agreement - provided for mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes.
  37. CRASH COURSE
  38. Jefferson
  39. founded Uni of VA
  40. 20 varieties of peas at Monticello
  41. Republican!
  42. vs. J Adams

○tie!

↳36 ballots and intervention of Hamilton to elect Jeff

  1. created more of a democratic republic
  2. racist
  1. 1800: one of the first big slave uprisings
  2. Gabriel’s Rebellion
  3. Richmond VA Blacksmith

○Discovered and shut down. Slaves hanged

  1. lead to laws concerning slaves → harsher
  2. /X/ slaves to eet w/o supervision of whites
  3. harder for whites to legally free slaves
  4. George Tucker: member of Gen. Assem. of VA
  5. argued we should set up colony for them in indian territory
  6. Jeff wanted
  7. small gov’t
  8. lower taxes
  9. shrink military
  10. bucolic, agrarian empire of liberty rather than mercantilism
  11. we think of the main job of the Supreme Court being to declare laws unconstitutional, but that power isn’t anywhere in the constitution
  12. bigger country

○Louisiana purchase

○by doubling size, ensure → every white man to have his own small farm ⇒ Americans stay independ.

  1. The Embargo
  2. imposed by Jeff to “punish” Brits for its practice of impressing American Sailors
  3. Jeff wanted free trade between nations
  4. Solution: /X/ sailing to foreign ports.

○Theory: Brits so dependent on America that they would stop impressing US Soldiers

  1. Brits ignored embargo→ too busy fighting w/ France

○Massive failure

  1. JEFFERSON IS A FRIGGIN HYPOCRITE.