Introducing Research – Chapter 1 Notes

  1. Definitions
  2. Research
  3. Nursing research
  4. Importance of Nursing Research
  5. Practice-evidence based practice (EBP)
  6. Education
  7. Health care policy
  8. Cost-benefit
  9. Distinguish nursing as a profession
  10. Role of nurses related to research-In 1981, the ANA commission on Nursing Research outlined the roles of various levels of nurses related to nursing research.
  11. Baccalaureate nurses are primarily consumers of nursing research:
  12. Be able to evaluate research in terms of its applicability to nursing practice-research utilization
  13. Be able to identify problems for future investigation
  14. Offer clinical expertise to improve a proposed research plan
  15. Data collection
  16. Inform/assist with informed consent/answer questions
  17. To incorporate research findings into practice
  18. Share research findings with colleagues
  19. Participate in a journal club
  20. Attend research presentations
  21. Masters prepared nurses will:
  22. Conduct investigations
  23. Assist others with their research
  24. Help others apply research to practice
  25. Work toward developing a climate conducive to research
  26. Doctorally prepared nurses will
  27. Direct research projects
  28. Provide leadership in conducting research and disseminating research findings
  29. History of Nursing Research
  30. (Look over the Table on p.7)
  31. What are the priorities for the future?
  32. Outcomes research
  33. Evidence-based practice
  34. Utilization
  35. Replication to strengthen the knowledge base
  36. Greater stress on integrative reviews
  37. Multidisciplinary collaboration
  38. Dissemination
  39. Increasing visibility/awareness of nursing research
  40. Sources of knowledge
  41. Tradition
  42. Authority
  43. Human experience
  44. May be restricted
  45. May be prejudiced or subjective
  46. Trial and error
  47. Intuition
  48. Logical reasoning
  49. Inductive reasoning
  50. Deductive reasoning
  51. Disciplined research
  52. Paradigms (world view) for Nursing Research
  53. Positivist Paradigm-scientific method-quantitative research
  54. Order-systematic; uses a process or steps
  55. Control-minimizes bias and keeps unrelated factors from influencing results
  56. Empiricism-observable with the senses
  57. Generalization-results can be applied to a broader range of situations than just the research situation itself
  58. Objectivity-values held in check
  59. Disadvantages-every study has some flaws
  60. Humans are complex
  61. Measurement problems-tools do not always exist to measure the variable or concepts we want
  62. May be viewed as overly simplistic or reductionist
  63. Moral or ethical issues cannot be empirically tested
  64. Contol-difficult to control all possible influencing variables
  65. Assumptions
  66. There is an objective reality that is basically orderly. There is some consistency in nature.
  67. All phenomena have causes (Determinism). Much research is the search for cause and effect.
  68. The researcher is independent from those being studied.
  69. Post positivist paradigm-recognizes the impossibility of total objectivity
  70. Naturalistic Paradigm (constructivist paradigm)-qualitative research
  71. Systematic collection and analysis of more subjective narrative materials, under conditions using a minimum of researcher imposed control.
  72. Sometimes called “soft” research
  73. More flexible than quantitative research
  74. A holistic approach
  75. Results in rich in-depth information
  76. Subjectivity-values are inevitable
  77. Researcher interacts with those being studied
  78. Disadvantages
  79. Not generalizable
  80. Humans are the instrument for gathering qualitative data-some are more skilled than others!
  81. Multiple paradigms
  82. Purposes of Nursing Research
  83. Identification-naming or identifying the phenomena
  84. Description-What are the characteristics of a given group
  85. Exploration-Exploratory studies look at phenomenon of interest and factors that influence it
  86. Explanation-focuses on understanding causes. May be linked to a theory
  87. Prediction and control
  88. Categories of Research
  89. Basic
  90. Applied

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