1. Arrest – the restraint of a person by an order directing that person to remain within certain specified limits. It is not imposed as punishment for an offense. If under arrest, a person cannot be required to perform full military duties.
  2. Restriction –to keep on board a ship or shore station for some prescribed length of times as a punishment for a discipline offense.
  3. Breach of Discipline – a disciplinary infraction or violation of a rule of conduct.
  4. Infraction –a violation or infringement of a law, agreement, or set of rules.
  5. Allegation –a claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically one made without proof.
  6. Self-incrimination –speech or action that suggests your own guilt, especially during court testimony.Article 31.
  7. Mitigation –the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
  8. Extenuation –make (guilt or an offense) seem less serious or more forgivable.
  9. Jurisdiction - the territory or sphere of activity over which the legal authority of a court or other institution extends.
  10. Non-judicial punishment –punishment by a commanding officer imposed on a service member without trial by court-martial.
  11. Custody – having control of a person for their protection and to insure they appear for the disciplinary action that may follow. Arrest, restriction, confinement.
  12. Reprimand - a rebuke, especially an official one.
  13. Peremptory challenge – the automatic removal of a prospective member of a military court-martial on demand from the accused, with no reason necessarily given.
  14. Appellate –courtconcerned with or dealing with applications for decisions to be reversed. (Appeals)
  15. Convening authority – the command legally empowered to initiate a court-martial, court of inquiry, or board of investigation.
  16. Dishonorable discharge – a discharge resulting from a service member’s misconduct, disobedience of Navy Regulations, or a serious violation of the UCMJ. Murder and sexual assault are examples of situations which would result in a dishonorable discharge. If someone is dishonorably discharged from the military they are not allowed to own firearms according to US federal law. Military members who receive a Dishonorable Discharge forfeit all military and veterans benefits and may have a difficult time finding work in the civilian sector.
  17. Administrative separation – a discharge of a person from naval service initiated by the government for reasons of unsuitability or inaptitude for service life.
  18. Court-martial – a military or naval court appointed by a convening authority to try persons accused of offenses under military law.
  19. Captain’s mast - the nonjudicial punishment of an enlisted person by a military commanding officer. These types of punishment are usually granted for offenses of minor nature.
  20. Bad conduct discharge - only passed on to enlisted military members and is given by a court-martial due to punishment for bad conduct. A Bad Conduct discharge is often preceded by time in military prison. Virtually all veteran’s benefits are forfeited if discharged due to Bad Conduct.