BIO 208 TERMS and OBJECTIVES S08

BIO 208 TERMS AND OBJECTIVES s08

Objectives Unit 2 Ch 4, 11, 12, 13

Students will be able to:

To compare genomes of mitochondria, H. influenzae, E. coli
To describe theE. coli chromosome, size of genome, and nucleoid region
To distinguish between a bacterial cell, colony, and lawn
To define binary fission
To compare bacterial lawns and colonies, solid and liquid cultures
To describe stages of bacterial growth - log, lag (exponential growth), stationary, and death phases
To define: prototroph, auxotroph, minimal and complete media
To determine bacterial titer OMIT
To contrast nutritional, conditional, and resistance mutations in bacteria
To discuss the use of nutritional mutants (auxotrophs) in the study of bacterial conjugation
To describe parasexual mating (conjugation) between F+ and F- bacteria
To explain what the F factor is, what it encodes, and the mechanism of transfer from F+ to F-
Describe Hfr strains and interrupted mating technique in constructing theE. coli minute map, predict gene order and plasmid integration orientation based on time for gene transfer
To explain why recipient cells of an Hfr mating remain F-.
To define homologous recombination in a recipient, exconjugant
To examine theE. coli minute map and genomic map
To discuss the experiments of Lederberg in the discovery of transduction including the use of the U-tube and Salmonella/P22 virus system
To describe the mechanism of bacteriophage infection
To analyze the mechanism of bacterial recombination via faulty head stuffing in transduction
To contrast lysogenic and lytic infection, virulent and temperate phages
To contrast generalized and specialized transduction OMIT
To analyze the use of virally mediated gene therapy and to provide the example of ADA deficiency
To discuss problems in gene therapy
To explain the mechanism of transformation and view aspects of plasmids including ori, ampr, plasmid size, extrachromosomal maintance, and the multiple cloning sites for the insertion of foreign genes
To examine the pGLO plasmid, ori, ampr ,the GFP gene, and the portion of the arabinose promoter that allows for the regulation of gene expression of GFP by arabinose sugar
To transform competent E. coli with a GFP-containing plasmid (lab)
To calculate transformation efficiency (colonies/ug DNA) from given data (lab)
To contrast constitutively expressed housekeeping genes and genes that are regulated
To describe an operon and the usefulness to prokaryotic cells
To define the term: polycistronic
To understand the regulation of the lac operon by lactose (inducer), repressor, promoter, RNA polymerase, and the structural genes Z,Y,A, beta galactosidase enzyme, operator.
To describe the use of lac operon mutants to elucidate control of operon expression in both the presence and the absence of lactose
To distinguish between cis and trans acting elements in the lac operon
To view examples of the use of GFP as a reporter gene
To review the steps of gene cloning using a plasmid and bacterium. Including isolation of DNA from the jellyfish, isolation of the GFP gene using restriction enzymes, ligating the GFP gene into a plasmid, transformation of E. coli with plasmid.
To examine the notion of cell “competency” for transformation
To understand that conjugation, tranformation, and transduction are rare events

TermsBacterial Genetics (omit terms in smaller font)

antibiotic resistance gene

att site

Bacterial clone, colony, cell, lawn

Bacterial genome

binary fission

colony

colony forming units

conjugation

competent cell

Donor cell, recipient cell

DNAse

E. coli minute map

episome

exponential growth

F factor, F pilus, F+, F-

faulty head stuffing

filterable agent

Hfr

Homologous recombination

Interrupted mating

lag, log, stationary, death phases

lawn

lytic and lysogenic

media – complete, minimal, selective

megabase

mitochondrial genome

minute map

mutant – conditional, nutritional, resistance

nucleoid region

nutritional mutant

open reading frame

origin of replication (ori)

p22 virus

parasexual mating

phage, phage packaging

plasmid

prokaryote

prophage

prototroph and auxotroph

Salmonella typhimurium bacteria

temperate phage and virulent phage

titer determination

transduction

transformation

U-tube

Vector

Viral adsorption, penetration, packaging

Lac Operon

Beta galactosidase

Cis-acting element

Conformational change

Constitutive mutant

Galactose

Glucose

Housekeeping gene

Inducer

Inducible enzyme

Lac I gene, Lac Z,Y,A structural genes

Lactose

Operator

Operon

Permease

Polymerase

Polycistronic

Promoter

Repressor

Transacetylase

Trans-acting element

Transformation of E. coli with GFP plasmid

Ampicillin resistance gene (bla)

Arabinose inducer

Calcium chloride

Competent bacteria

Cloning vector, multiple cloning site

Fusion protein

Gene cloning

GFP

Heat shock

Jellyfish (bioluminescent)

Ligate

pGLO

Plasmid vector

Origin of replication

Reporter gene

Transformation