MedfordMemorialSchool
Social Studies Team 7-3
Chapter 10 Muslim Contributions to the World
Directions: Read textbook pgs. 106-116 and answer the following questions.
Name
10.3 CityBuilding and Architecture1. Describe the capitol city of Baghdad.
-The Abbasid capital was located between the Tigris and EuphratesRivers.
- It was called the round city because of its round shape.
-The palace and the grand mosque were at the center surrounded by offices and houses of government officials and army officers.
-A double wall surrounded the city with guarded gates.
-Outside the wall were shops, markets, and residences.
-Developed bridges, palaces, and gardens.
2. Describe what one would find in a mosque.
Minaret- The tower within the mosque, with a balcony, where the muezzin chants and lets people know that it is time to pray.
prayer room-Where worshippers pray and follower a prayer leader.
mats-Small rugs that worshippers pray on.
imam-Prayer leader
minbar-pulpit where the imam leads the prayer service.
mihrab-the niche on the wall that shows the direction of Mecca.
10.4 Scholarship and Learning
1. How did the acceptance of the Arabic language promote learning?
Muslims in Europe, North Africa, and Asia were able to exchange ideas because they all understood and could speak to one another. Arabic became the language of learning.
2. What was the House of Wisdom?
Library / Center of Learning in Baghdad where scholars gathered from all over the world to research and translate texts from Greece, Persia, India and China.
3. What was in Cordoba, Spain?
A huge library where volumes of rare books and texts could be studied. Many traveled here to read and learn about Aristotle and Plato.
4. Who was Ibn Sina? What was his logical proof or argument?
A Persian, and Islam’s most famous philosopher who believed that all knowledge came from God and that the truth could be discovered through faith and reason.
10.5 Science and Technology
1. What did the Quran instruct people to do?
That God wanted them to learn
2. Describe Muslim contributions to zoology.
- Wrote books describing animal’s bodies
- studied the anatomy of animals to help them learn how the human body was made.
- developed zoos to study animals.
- studied how to make medicines from animals.
- theories on evolution
3. Describe Muslim contributions to astronomy.
-compasses and astrolabes (instrument used to observe and measure the sun and celestial beings) were used to locate the direction of Mecca.
-Figured out the exact time for prayer.
-Figured out the exact length of the month of Ramadan.
-The earth rotated, questioning old beliefs that the earth was the center of the universe.
4. Describe Muslim contributions to irrigation and underground wells.
-built dams and aqueducts to provide water to households, mills, and fields.
-water wheels to bring water up from underground wells or canals.
10.6 Geography and Navigation
1. What did Muslim scientists figure out about the Earth?
- discovered the earth was round not flat.
- calculated the earth’s circumference within 9miles of its correct value.
2. What was The Book of Roads and Provinces?
-mapmakers, this book provided maps and descriptions of the main Muslim trade routes.
3. What was The Book of Countries? How did travelers use it?
-listed useful facts about the lands under Muslim rule.
-Travelers could use it to find water resources.
4. Muslim scientist adopted and perfected the compass and the astrolabe. What is a compass and who did Muslims probably learn about the compass from?
- A compass is a tool that is used to help travelers navigate.
-The Chinese invented the compass
6. Who probably invented the astrolabe? How could this instrument help people?
-The astrolabe was most likely invented by the Greeks.
-Sailors would use it to help them pinpoint their location.
10.7 Mathematics
1. Who was Al- Khwaruzmi?
-“The Father of Algebra.”
-Wrote extensively on Algebra, on how to solve problems using numbers.
2. His book helped popularize Arabic numerals (1,2,3…). Where did Muslims learn this way of writing numbers, along with fractions and decimals from?
-Learned writing from the Indians.
-Borrowed the concept of Zero from the Indians.
3. How did using Arabic numerals help people?
- Became the universal language across the world, because everyone used the same numbers.
- Helped business and trade.
4. Do we still use Arabic numerals? YES or NO
- Yes
5. Muslims spread the Indian concept of zero. Zero means what in Arabic?
-“something empty”
10.8 Medicine
1. Muslim doctor’s established the world’s first what?
- hospitals
-hospitals were separated into wards for surgeries, and contagious illnesses.
-Pharmacists created herbal remedies and antiseptics to treat ailments
-Pharmacists created anesthesia to knock people out when performing surgery.
2. Could anyone get treatment? Who paid?
- anyone could get treatment because the government paid for it.
3. What were hospital caravans?
- similar to our ambulances, they were wagons that were pulled by oxen or donkey so that people from remote villages could get medical care.
4. What types of medication did pharmacists make?
- Antiseptics, ointments, anesthesia like hemlock
5. What types of surgeries were performed? What was used to stitch up wounds?
-removal of tumors, cataracts, amputations and then animal gut was used to stitch up a patient.
6. What did al-Razi discover?
-He discovered that bacteria caused infections.
-He studied small pox and measles, (he helped diagnose them)
10. 9 Bookmaking and Literature
1. In addition to the Qur`an, what else was sold in book stores?
-Many copies of poetry and prose, replaced poetry for recording history, events, and traditions.
2. What is an epic poem?
-long poems that tell a story
3. What is A Thousand Days and One Night or Arabian Nights? What are some famous tales from it?
Gathered stories that came from places such as India, Persia and the Middle East. A wife tells her husband a different story each night. The stories take place in Muslim cities and places like China, Egypt, and India. Aladdin’s magic lamp, and Ali Baba
10.10 Art and Music
1. Why did artists turn to shapes and patterns found in nature and geometry to create designs? Why didn’t they use humans or animals?
- Only God could create life.
2. What geometric shapes did they use?
- Circles, triangles, squares, hexagons,
3. What is calligraphy and why are calligraphers honored above artists?
- the art of beautiful handwriting
4. What are textiles?
- manufactured cloths such as rugs, robes, awnings, wool, linen, silk and cotton.
5. What do clothes show about society or people?
- Rank and status
- Who was Ziryab?
10.11 Recreation
1. What is polo? Why was it popular among the rich?
- Muslims learned Polo from the Persians. It is a sport in which teams on horseback use wooden sticks (mallets) to hit a ball through a goal.
- Popular game among the wealthy.
2. Where did Chess probably come from?
- India
- Battle of wits where players move pieces on a board to make it so their king can’t move.