Name ______
Chapter 28: Kennedy & Johnson: Cold War
Focus
American military forces during the Cold War
- President Kennedy pledged in his inaugural address that the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” In the same address, he also said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
- During the Cold War era, millions of Americans served in the military, defending freedom in wars and conflicts that were not always popular. Many were killed or wounded. As a result of their service, the United States and American ideals of democracy and freedom ultimately prevailed in the Cold War struggle with Soviet communism.
- President Kennedy, a World War II veteran, was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, Texas, in an event that shook the nation’s confidence and began a period of internal strife and divisiveness, especially spurred by divisions over United States involvement in Vietnam.
- Unlike veterans of World War II, who returned to a grateful and supportive nation, Vietnam veterans returned often to face indifference or outright hostility from some who opposed the war.
- It was not until several years after the end of the Vietnam war that the wounds of the war began to heal in America, and Vietnam veterans were recognized and honored for their service and sacrifices.
Facts
Confrontation between the United States and Cuba
- Cuba was also a site of Cold War confrontations.
- Fidel Castro led a communist revolution that took over Cuba in the late 1950s. Many Cubans fled to Florida and later attempted to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. This “Bay of Pigs” invasion failed.
- In 1962, the Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba, instigating the Cuban Missile Crisis. President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles, and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war. Eventually, the Soviet leadership “blinked” and removed their missiles.
Terms
Fidel Castro
Berlin Wall
New Frontier
Peace Corps
Warren Commission
Great Society
Medicare
Medicaid
Questions
- Explain the factors that aided in Kennedy’s victory over Nixon in the election of 1960.
- What was the most significant result of the Cuban Missile Crisis? Explain.
- Why was LBJ more successful in his dealings with Congress?
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 1. John F. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for President in 1960, was a senator from
A. New York.
B. California.
C. Texas.
D. Massachusetts.
____ 2. Kennedy appointed his brother, Robert, to serve as
A. secretary of state.
B. attorney general.
C. secretary of defense.
D. a justice of the Supreme Court.
____ 3. The hot line established in 1963 did all of the following except
A. link the White House and the Kremlin.
B. make communication in a crisis easier.
C. ease Cold War tensions.
D. barred nuclear testing.
____ 4. The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer assistance to developing nations, was
A. proposed by Kennedy and failed.
B. proposed by Johnson and failed.
C. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded.
D. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.
____ 5. After investigating the assassination of JFK, the Warren Commission concluded that
A. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.
B. Jack Ruby acted alone.
C. there was evidence of a conspiracy.
D. the CIA was involved.
____ 6. The Economic Opportunity Act did all of the following except
A. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries.
B. give underprivileged preschoolers a head start.
C. encourage poor people to join in public-works programs.
D. create a training program for youth.
____ 7. Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president when Kennedy was assassinated, was
A. never elected president by the people.
B. an experienced politician.
C. mistrusted because he was a Catholic.
D. opposed to the Great Society.
____ 8. Medicare, a federal program established for Americans age 65 and over, was intended to provide
A. housing.
B. transportation.
C. education.
D. health insurance.
____ 9. The Immigration Act of 1965
A. stopped immigration from European countries.
B. stopped immigration from non-European countries.
C. ended quotas based on nationality.
D. began quotas based on nationality.
____ 10. Decisions of the Warren Court were
A. of little importance to the average American.
B. praised by liberals.
C. praised by conservatives.
D. an obstacle to change in election districts.
____ 11. How many Soviet missiles sites are shown?
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
____ 12. How many U.S. air bases are shown?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
____ 13. Which of the following locations in the United States is closest to Cuba?
A. Miami
B. Cape Canaveral
C. Swan Island
D. Key West
____ 14. Which statement about the U.S. blockade is true?
A. The air patrol covered a larger area than the naval blockade.
B. The naval blockade covered a larger area than the air patrol.
C. The air patrol and naval blockade covered the same area.
D. There was no naval blockade.
____ 15. Which U.S. air base is closest to the Soviet missiles?
A. Puerto Rico
B. Miami
C. Key West.
D. Guantanamo.
____ 16. Who is the taller man in the cartoon?
A. Lyndon Johnson
B. Nikita Khrushchev
C. John Kennedy
D. Robert Kennedy
____ 17. Who is the shorter man?
A. Lyndon Johnson
B. Nikita Khrushchev
C. John Kennedy
D. Robert Kennedy
____ 18. What does each man have in his hands?
A. a yard stick
B. a tape measure
C. a pencil
D. masking tape
____ 19. What is the expression on the face of each man?
A. sad
B. happy
C. triumphant
D. serious
____ 20. Which event is least related to this cartoon?
A. the Kennedy assassination
B. the Berlin crisis
C. the Cuban missile crisis
D. the Cold War relationship of the United States and the Soviet Union
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
A. hot line
B. Bay of Pigs
C. Berlin Wall
D. Fidel Castro
E. flexible response
F. John F. Kennedy
G. Richard M. Nixon
H. massive retaliation
I. Nikita Khrushchev
J. Cuban missile crisis
K. Limited Test Ban Treaty
____ 21. He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba.
____ 22. This involved an invasion of Cuba.
____ 23. He lost the 1960 presidential election.
____ 24. This separated East Germany from West Germany.
____ 25. He squared off against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis.
____26. This barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
____ 27. This military strategy was adopted during the Kennedy presidency.
____ 28. This was a direct communications link set up during Kennedy's presidency.
____ 29. His religious beliefs were an important issue of the 1960 presidential campaign.
____ 30. This strategy was intended to broaden America's range of options during international crises by
"strengthening and modernizing the military's ability to fight a nonnuclear war."
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
A. Baker v. Carr
B. The Warren Court
C. Civil Rights Act
D. reapportionment
E. Miranda v. Arizona
F. Gideon v. Wainwright
G. Medicare and Medicaid
H. Immigration Act of 1965
I. Economic Opportunity Act
J. Brown v. Board of Education
K. Elementary and Secondary Education Act
L. Great Society
____ 31. This created the Job Corps, VISTA, and Project Head Start.
____ 32. This banned prayer in public schools and brought about change in federal and state reapportionment and the criminal justice system.
____ 33. In this case, the Supreme Court established the principle of "one person, one vote."
____ 34. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that all suspects must be "read their rights" before questioning.
____ 35. These provided free or low-cost medical insurance to welfare recipients and most Americans age 65 and older.
____ 36. This provided federal aid to help public and parochial schools purchase textbooks and new library materials.
____ 37. This term refers to the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them.
____ 38. In this case, the Supreme Court required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it.
____ 39. This replaced the national origins system with a new quota system that allowed more people from outside of Europe to settle in the United States.
____ 40. This legislative program summed up President Johnson's vision for America.