1. Which of the Following Can Break Solid Rock?

Name:____________________________________________ Date:____________ Per._____

Multiple Choices

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1. Which of the following can break solid rock?

a. Growth of plant roots but not movement of glaciers

b. Movement of glaciers but not growth of plant roots

c. Both growth of plant roots and movement of glaciers

d. Neither growth of plant roots nor movement of glaciers can break solid rock

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the loose rocks on the surface

of the earth?

a. Both the large loose rocks and the small loose rocks used to be part of earth’s

solid rock layer.

b. The large loose rocks used to be part of earth’s solid rock layer, but the small

loose rocks were never part of the solid rock layer.

c. The small loose rocks used to be part of earth’s solid rock layer, but the large

loose rocks were never part of the solid rock layer.

d. Neither the large nor the small loose rocks used to be part of earth’s solid

rock layer.

3. A ball is rolling up and over a hill. The ball slows down as it moves from Position

1 to Position 3, and it speeds up as it moves from Position 3 to Position 5.

When is the gravitational potential energy of the ball being transformed into

motion energy (kinetic energy)?

a. Only when the ball rolls from Position 1 to Position 3

b. Only when the ball rolls from Position 3 to Position 5

c. The entire time the ball is rolling from Position 1 to Position 5

d. It is not being transformed at any time because gravitational potential energy

cannot be transformed into motion energy (kinetic energy).

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4. A girl is riding her skateboard down a hill. She speeds up as she goes down the

hill, and the wheels get a little warmer.

What energy transformations happen while she is going down the hill?

a. Motion energy (kinetic energy) is transformed into gravitational potential

energy and thermal energy.

b. Gravitational potential energy is transformed into motion energy (kinetic

energy) and thermal energy.

c. Gravitational potential energy is transformed only into motion energy (kinetic

energy).

d. No energy transformations are involved while she is going down the hill.

5. Imagine a ball on a track where no energy is transferred between the ball and

the track or between the ball and the air around it. The ball starts from rest at

the position labeled Start and moves along the track toward Positions 1, 2, 3,

and 4. (SC.6.P.11.1)

What is the highest position the ball will reach before stopping and going back

down the track? (Remember that no energy is transferred between the ball and

the track or between the ball and the air around it.)

a. Position 1

b. Position 2

c. Position 3

d. Position 4

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6. Which of the following is an example of the transformation of gravitational

potential energy into motion energy (kinetic energy)? (SC.6.P.11.1)

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7. A man is driving a car. He slows down to stop at a stop sign. (SC.6.P.11.1)

When does the car have the most motion energy (kinetic energy)?

a. When the car's speed is 30 miles per hour

b. When the car's speed is 15 miles per hour

c. When the car's speed is 0 miles per hour

d. The car's motion energy is the same the whole time.

8. Many places, like the Grand Canyon, are the result of a combination of

processes that continue to shape Earth, like the water cycle and the rock cycle.

How does the water cycle influence the rock cycle in an area like the Grand

Canyon?

a. Large amounts of flowing water increase the rate of weathering and erosion.

b. Too much rain soaking into the ground slows the rate of new rock formation.

c. Sudden evaporation of water removes moisture from rock layers in the

canyon walls.

d. Decreased rainfall makes the rocks hard and brittle, so that they crumble into

pebbles.

9. As a rocket rises, its kinetic energy changes. At the time the rocket reaches its

highest point, most of the kinetic energy of the rocket has been? (SC.6.P.11.1)

a. permanently destroyed

b. transformed into potential energy

c. converted to friction

d. stored in bonds between its atoms

10. A car, a train, a bicycle, and a skateboard are traveling at the same speed.

Which object has the greatest kinetic energy?

a. car

b. train

c. bicycle

d. skateboard

11. Janelle hikes along the beach every morning at the same time. Throughout the

month, she notices the shoreline follows a pattern of receding and advancing.

What causes the shoreline to follow this pattern?

a. tides

b. water cycle

c. chemical weathering

d. erosion and deposition

12. The highest elevation on this topographic map can be no more than about?

a. 25 meters

b. 34 meters

c. 45 meters

d. 49 meters

13. As a heavy metal ball rolls down a hill, it goes faster and faster. Which statement

is true? (SC.6.P.11.1)

a. The ball’s potential energy is changing to kinetic energy.

b. The ball is gaining potential energy from the hill.

c. The ball is rapidly losing kinetic energy as it rolls down the hill.

d. The ball will continue gaining kinetic energy until it stops.

14. The diagrams below show a model airplane.

Which energy transformation occurs in a rubber band powered model airplane

when it is flown?

a. Thermal energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into chemical

energy used by the propeller.

b. Kinetic energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into thermal energy

used by the propeller.

c. Chemical energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into potential

energy used by the propeller.

d. Potential energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into kinetic energy

used by the propeller.

15. Why do scientists perform multiple trials of the same experiment?

a. to include additional variables in the experiment

b. to complete the steps of the experiment in less time

c. to find a less expensive way to conduct the experiment

d. to increase the likelihood of accurate experiment results

16. Which activity can cause the formation of mountains?

a. weathering

b. tectonic plate collisions

c. earthquakes

d. water erosion

17. Each spring, a crevice in the cliff wall widens and deepens. What is the best

explanation for how physical weathering causes the crevice to widen and

deepen?

a. Winds deposit sand into the crevice.

b. Water freezes and expands in the crevice.

c. Snow melts and evaporates between the rocks in the crevice.

d. Air pollution in the area causes a reaction that widens the crevice.

18. Why should experiments be replicable?

a. So that the materials used can be validated.

b. So that scientists can gain popularity in the community.

c. So that fewer errors will be made and the data appear to be more correct.

d. So that others can repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.

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19. As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide

area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?

a. Cave

b. Mountain

c. Delta

d. Valley

20. Marvin visited an old library in the city. The outside of the library was decorated

with many statues. Over time, the features of the statues had become rounded

and less detailed. What MOST LIKELY caused this change?

a. Radiation

b. Deposition

c. Weathering

d. Sedimentation

21. Which of the following BEST demonstrates kinetic energy?

a. Light bulb

b. Bird in flight

c. Book on a shelf

d. Flashlight battery

22. At which two positions will the kinetic energy of the roller coaster car be most

similar?

a. A and B

b. A and C

c. B and C

d. B and D

23. Rocks found in streams can have rough edges and sharp grooves.

What is the process that roughened the edges and caused the grooves?

a. Erosion

b. Intrusion

c. Deposition

d. Metamorphism

24. A geologist conducted an investigation into the weathering of rock in the area.

She noticed that the soil around the rock was a rusty red color. What caused this

chemical weathering?

a. Oxidation

b. Erosion

c. Evaporation

d. Hydrolysis10

25. Weathering of rock can occur in many ways. In the western United States, strong

winds can erode huge rock formations by blowing millions of tiny grains of sand

at these rocks. Which term accurately describes this type of weathering?

a. Thermal

b. Chemical

c. Mechanical

d. Meteorological

26. A row of large trees is planted next to a field of crops. What is the purpose of the

trees?

a. To replenish water

b. To control the temperature of the field

c. To provide oxygen to the crops

d. To reduce wind erosion

27. Students studied the rock diagram shown below.

What process does this diagram represent?

a. how water moves rock from place to place

b. how different types of rock are formed

c. how rock gets moisture

d. how freezing and thawing of water breaks rock

28. Most underground caves are formed by the action of water on

a. granite

b. limestone

c. sandstone

d. shale

29. Spring 1 and Spring 2 were the same. Then, Spring 1 was pushed together a

little and clamped in place. Spring 2 was pushed together a lot and clamped.

Which spring has more stored energy?

a. Spring 1

b. Spring 2

c. Both springs have the same energy.

d. You cannot tell unless you know what the springs are made of.

30. A small, fast-moving river is in a V-shaped valley on the slope of a mountain. If

you follow the river to where it passes through a plain, what will the river most

likely look like compared with how it looked on the mountain?

a. Much the same

b. Deeper and faster

c. Slower and wider

d. Straighter

31. Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram below

a. Island

b. Glacier

c. River

d. Volcano

32. All of the following are examples of erosion EXCEPT:

a. The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock.

b. A glacier picks up boulders as it moves.

c. A flood washes over a riverbank, and the water carries small soil particles

downstream.

d. An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to crack.

33. A layer of small rock and mineral particles can provide a surface for plant

growth. Plants can eventually grow to cover this surface, while their roots spread

out beneath the surface. Which natural process can most likely be reduced or

prevented by the introduction of such plant growth?

a. erosion

b. flooding

c. weathering

d. soil formation

34. In 1989, two scientists announced at a news conference that they had

discovered a way of converting energy in a low-energy nuclear reaction, or cold

fusion. They showed a diagram of the apparatus they built for the process and a

chart of the results. Which reason would cause other scientists to be skeptical of

their findings?

a. Results are difficult to interpret in chart form.

b. News conferences are poor sources of scientific information.

c. The scientists failed to make the announcement at a scientific convention

d. The scientists failed to share information that would allow others to recreate

the apparatus

35. Which of these practices BEST supports a scientific idea as a valid discovery?

a. skillfulness of a researcher to keep good records

b. ability of other scientists to replicate the results

c. sharing data reports with other researchers

d. willingness of a scientist to publish results

36. A botanist has developed a new fertilizer. She tested the fertilizer on different

types of plants under different conditions. The results indicate that the fertilizer is

a good product. Which would be the BEST way to validate the botanist’s results?

a. develop a new hypothesis to retest the fertilizer

b. look over the results several times

c. replicate the fertilizer tests