Biology Curriculum Map
by Units
06-16-09
Reading Standards
Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects 6-12
Standards 1 -10 are used throughout the year and are embedded within the curriculum as formative assessments for content.
1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
2. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
3. Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.
Craft and Structure
4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper).
5. Analyze in detail how an author’s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter).
6. Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
7. Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person’s life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account.
8. Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
9. Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”), including how they address related themes and concepts.
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
10. By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Writing Standards
Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects 6-12
Standards 1 -10 are used throughout the year and are embedded within the curriculum as formative assessments for content.
1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
a. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.
c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
2. Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
a. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
b. Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.
c. Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.
e. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).
3. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
a. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
c. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.
d. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
Production and Distribution of Writing
4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
5. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1–3 up to and including grades 9–10 on page 54.)
6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
9. Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
a. Apply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare]”).
b. Apply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning”).
Range of Writing
10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Unit 1: Inquiry Skills
KY POS, CC, & CRS
(6 weeks)SC-H-BC-U-5
In science the term theory is reserved to describe only those ideas that have been well tested through scientific investigation. Scientific theories are judged by how well they fit with other theories, the range of observations they explain, how well they explain observations and their usefulness in predicting new findings. Scientific theories usually grow slowly through contributions from many investigators.
SC-H-I-U-7
The critical assumptions behind any line of reasoning must be made explicit, so that the validity of the position being taken can be judged.
SC-H-STM-U-9
Students will understand that accurate record-keeping, openness and replication are essential for maintaining credibility with other scientists and society.
SC-H-ET-U-12
Students will understand that technological problems often create a demand for new scientific knowledge, and new technologies make it possible for scientists to conduct their research more effectively, or to conduct new lines of research. the availability of new technology often sparks scientific advances.
SC-H-I-S-6
Students will analyze and synthesize research, for questions about, theories and related technologies that have advanced our understanding of interdependence between a scientific law, theory, hypothesis and unsupported supposition/claim
SC-H-BC-S-6
Students will distinguish between a scientific law, theory, hypothesis and unsupported supposition/claim DOK 3
SC-H-BC-S-7
Students will investigate the historical development and revision of a variety of accepted scientific laws, theories and claims
Unit 1: Inquiry Skills
Understandings “KNOW” / Critical Thinking & Skills “DO” / Student-Friendly ObjectivesSC-H-BC-U-5
“Scientific Theories” are ideas that have been well-tested through scientific investigation and experimentation.
“Scientific Theories” accuracies are judged based on how well they fit with other theories, how well they explain observations, and how useful they are at predicting new findings.
“Scientific Theories” develop and are a combination of ideas from many investigators.
SC-H-I-U-7
Experimental conclusions are validated by others by analyzing the quality of the experimental design, then repeating the experiment to determine if the methods provide similar results.
SC-H-STM-U-9
Accurate record-keeping, openness and replication are essential for maintaining credibility with other scientists and society.
SC-H-ET-U-12
Technological problems often create a demand for new scientific knowledge.
The availability of new technology often sparks scientific advances.
Big Idea component:
Every living thing is composed of cells. / SC-H-BC-S-6
Students will distinguish between a scientific law, theory, hypothesis and unsupported supposition/claim DOK 3
SC-H-BC-S-7
Students will investigate the historical development and revision of a variety of accepted scientific laws, theories and claims.
SC-H-I-S-6
Students will analyze and synthesize research, theories and technologies that have advanced our understanding of scientific laws, theories, hypotheses and unsupported claims
Practical skill:
Students will practice proper safety procedures within a lab setting and with equipment.
Practical skill:
Students will correctly use a microscope and correctly interpret the image seen.
Practical skill:
Students will correctly prepare a wet mount. / Vocabulary: I know the definitions of these terms and can use them to solve scientific questions.
Scientific law
Scientific theory
Hypothesis
Scientific method
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Biology
Knowledge/Skills:
I can distinguish between a scientific law, theory, and hypothesis when given examples, not just definitions.
I can write a valid hypothesis when given a problem.
I can design a controlled experiment to test a given hypothesis.
I can evaluate the conclusions of an experiment based on the quality of the experimental design.
I can evaluate the experimental designs which led to the development of the “Cell Theory”
I can evaluate the conclusions made by different investigators about the investigations that led to the “Cell Theory”
I can identify the properties of life that all living organisms share: cellular organization, homeostasis, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction, heredity, and growth.
I can identify and practice safe procedures for working in the laboratory and with equipment.
I can correctly use a microscope and correctly interpret the image seen.
I can correctly prepare a wet mount.
Unit 2: Cell Structures & Functions
KY POS, CC, & CRS
(4 weeks)SC-H-UD-1
The many body cells in an individual can be very different from one another even though they are all descended from a single cell and thus have essentially identical genetic instructions. Different parts of the instructions are used in different types of cells
SC-H-UD-2
Within every cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback and even movement. In addition, most cells in multi-cellular organisms perform specialized functions that others do not.
SC-H-UD-S-8
Students will describe the processes by which cells maintain their internal environments within acceptable limits.
SC-H-UD-S-1
Students willanalyze the parts within a cell responsible for particular processes and create analogous models for those processes
SC-H-UD-S-2
Students willidentify a variety of specialized cell types and describe how these differentiated cells contribute to the function of an individual organism as a whole.
SC-HS-3.4.3
Students will:
- describe cell regulation (enzyme function, diffusion, osmosis, homeostasis);
- predict consequences of internal/external environmental change on cell function/regulation.
Strikethrough addressed in Unit 4
SC-HS-3.4.2
Students will understand that most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell
SC-HS-3.4.4
Students will understand that plant cells contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis. Plants and many microorganisms (e.g., Euglena) use solar energy to combine molecules of carbon dioxide and water into complex, energy-rich organic compounds and release oxygen to the environment. This process of photosynthesis provides a vital link between the Sun and energy needs of living systems.
SC-HS-3.4.8
Students will understand that multicellular animals have nervous systems that generate behavior. Nerve cells communicate with each other by secreting specific molecules. Specialized cells in sense organs detect light, sound and specific chemicals enabling animals to monitor what is going on in the world around them.
Unit 2: Cell Structures & Functions
Understandings “KNOW” / Critical Thinking & Skills “DO” / Student-Friendly ObjectivesSC-H-UD-1
The many body cells in an individual can be very different from one another even though they are all descended from a single cell and thus have essentially identical genetic instructions. Different parts of the instructions are used in different types of cells
SC-H-UD-2
Within every cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback and even movement. In addition, most cells in multi-cellular organisms perform specialized functions that others do not. / SC-H-UD-S-8
Students will describe the processes by which cells maintain their internal environments within acceptable limits.
SC-H-UD-S-1
Students willanalyze the parts within a cell responsible for particular processes and create analogous models for those processes
SC-H-UD-S-2
Students willidentify a variety of specialized cell types and describe how these differentiated cells contribute to the function of an individual organism as a whole. / Nucleus
Cell
Organ
Chloroplast
Chromosome
Gene
Diffusion
DNA
Homeostasis
Function
Mitosis
Osmosis
Structure
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Organelle
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Tissue
Cancer
Tumor
Italic terms are supporting vocabulary.
- I know that plant cells contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis.
- I know that within every cell there are specialized parts for the transport of materials and waste disposal.
- I know that within every cell there are specialized parts for energy transfer.
- I know that within every cell there are specialized parts for protein building.
- I know that within every cell there are specialized parts for information feedback and movement.
- I know that mitosis results in identical cells.
- I can create analogies to demonstrate the functions of cell structures.
- I can identify the cell structures necessary for obtaining energy.
- I can describe how the cell membrane helps a cell maintain homeostasis.
- I can explain why diffusion is necessary for cell function.
- I can explain why osmosis is necessary for cell function.
- I can describe how substances move through the cell membrane against their concentration gradients.
- I can predict the consequences of environmental changes on a cell.
- I can describe how differentiated cells contribute to the function of an individual organism as a whole.
- I can create an analogy to demonstrate the relationship among cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
- I can figure out the function of a specialized cell from its characteristics.
- I can explain why the cells produced from mitosis are identical.
- I can explain why cells divide.
- I can predict the consequences of unregulated cell growth.
- I can correctly prepare a wet mount slide.
- I can locate and focus an object on both low and high power using a light microscope.
Unit 3: Cellular Processes (ATP, Photosynthesis, & Respiration)
KY POS, CC, & CRS
(3 weeks)SC-H-UD-2
Within every cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback and even movement. In addition, most cells in multi-cellular organisms perform specialized functions that others do not.