Distinguish between participant selection and participant assignment and tell the specific type of validity associated with each. Tell how "randomization" is applied to each and whether or not it is considered necessary.
- Participant selection is a component of external validity. Randomization is not necessary here but, if it is not done well you will not have generalizability. Participant assignment is a component of internal validity and is crucial if you are trying to establish causal interpretability.
- participant selection is who is going to be in the study and this affects external validity. Randomization of participant selection is a good think, but does not occur very often. Participation assignment is who is going to be in what group of the study. This affects internal validity, more specifically initial equivalence. The randomization of this is absolutely necessary when looking for causal interpretibility.
- Participant selection is how the researchers decide who will be able to participate in an experiment. They can use self-selection, in which the particpants sign up or volunteer for the study. They my also use researcher selection, in which the researchers determine certain criteria that will determine who will be eligable for participation. Randomization is not applied in self-selection because there is no control over who is eligable to participate, and randomization is not applied for researcher selection because the researchers determine specificall who will be eligable for the study, which is not random either. In both cases randomization would be needed in order to establish generalizability. External validity is associated with both of these types of selection. Participant assignment is how the researchers assign participants in an experiment. They may assign the participants administrativly, which means that they will place participants in specific groups because of specific reasons. The researchers may also assign participants arbitrarily, which means that they assign participants to groups with out the influence of a certain particpant characteristic affecting the placement of the participants. In administrative assignment, randomization is not applied because the researchers are placing the participants in a specific group for specific reasons. Randomization is applied in self-selection because the researchers do not have an influence in which group the participants assign themselves to. Internal validity is associated with both types of assignment because it is part of the procedure.
- Randomization is associated with internal validity. Without the random assingment of the participant there isn't a true experiment. Participant selection is merely deciding whom from the population you will use while participant assingment has to do with who or what you're going to manipulate during the study.
- Participant selection tells who or what will be in the study and it concerns the population aspect of external validity. Participant assignment is all about who or what will be in each section of the study, and it concerns initial equivalence and internal validity. Random selection is good, as long as you get a good representation for your population, but random assignment is absolutly necessary for any study to be considered acurate and causally interpretable.
- Participant selection is a component of external validity. Randomization is not necessary here but, if it is not done well you will not have generalizability.
Participant assignment is a component of internal validity and is crucial if you are trying to establish causal interpretability.
- Participant assignment is the target population wanted to complete the study and is associated with external validity, specifically population. Whereas, participant selection is the selected population for the study and is associated with internal validity. Randomization is applies to participant assignment to get achieve a true experiment and therefore causal interpretability. It establishes initial equivalence in an experiment. It applies to selection in a study by maintaining ongoing equivalence. It is only necessary when a researcher wants to have causal interpretablity.
- Participant selection is who is going to be in the study, and participant assignment is what people are in what group.
Internal validity is associated with selection and external validity with assignment. Randomization is applied to assignment by dividing them into groups randomly and the same is true for selection. It is considered necessary to be a true experiment.
- Participant selection is the process of selecting indivduals to be in a experiment, it has to do with population and external validity, and randomization is prefered. Participant assignment is the process of selecting indivduals to participate in either the controll or experimental group. Randomization is required for assignment in order to have casual interperability. assignment has to do with internal validity.
- Participant selection is when the participants are chosen to be in the study. Participant assignment is when the partcipants are randomly put into groups to recieve the treatment/task/stimulus included in the study. External validity is associated with partcipant selection because it deals with population. Internal validity (ongoing and initial equivalence)is associated with participant assignment. Randomization needs to be applied to participant selection so that all who are equal to participate in the study have an equal chance of being selected to complete the study. Randomization is also necessary for participant assignment because each group in the study needs to be equal in order to have a truely random experiment.
- Participant selection is how the researchers decide who will be able to participate in an experiment. They can use self-selection, in which the particpants sign up or volunteer for the study. They my also use researcher selection, in which the researchers determine certain criteria that will determine who will be eligable for participation. Randomization is not applied in self-selection because there is no control over who is eligable to participate, and randomization is not applied for researcher selection because the researchers determine specificall who will be eligable for the study, which is not random either. In both cases randomization would be needed in order to establish generalizability. External validity is associated with both of these types of selection. Participant assignment is how the researchers assign participants in an experiment. They may assign the participants administrativly, which means that they will place participants in specific groups because of specific reasons. The researchers may also assign participants arbitrarily, which means that they assign participants to groups with out the influence of a certain particpant characteristic affecting the placement of the participants. In administrative assignment, randomization is not applied because the researchers are placing the participants in a specific group for specific reasons. Randomization is applied in self-selection because the researchers do not have an influence in which group the participants assign themselves to. Internal validity is associated with both types of assignment because it is part of the procedure.
- Participant selection (deciding who will be in the study) is the process of taking a target population (which you would like to generalize the results to) and selecting participants (selected sample) from a sampling frame. Participant selection concerns the population element of external validity and occurs before participant assignment. It can be purposive or complete, simple or stratified, and self-selected or research selected. Once partipants have been selected for the study, participant assignment dictates which group they will be in. Participant assignment concerns initial equivilance (subject variable) of internal validity. Although participants can be selected and assigned randomly, only random assignment (a component of internal validity) is crucial for a true experiment testing a casual research hypothesis. For this, there must be random assignment by the researcher before the IV is manipulated. Although it is good to also have random participant selection (to be representative) it is not necessary.
- Participant selection is the process by which participants are selected to take place in an experiment. First, the target population is identified, then a sampling frame is used to obtain a list of potential subjects. A sampling frame can be something such as a class roster. Next, a selected sample is created, either researcher-selected or self-selected. This sample can be selected by simple random sample (but it is not necessary) or stratified sampling. This is the list of people selected to participate in the study. The data sample is the sample of people who are selected to take place in the study and complete all portions of it. Participant selection is associated with external validity and generalizability. A sample has to be chosen that is representative of the population the experimenter is trying to describe. Randomization of selection is not necessary in participant selection.
Participant assignment is the process by which participants are assigned to different treatment conditions of an experiment. There are many different types of assignment, including random assignment of individuals, random assigment of groups, arbitrary assignment, administrative assignment, natural groups, and self-assignment. Assignment is a very large factor in initial equivalence and the type of assignment used is a deciding attribute in whether an experimetn is a true or non experiment. In order for an experiment to be a true experiment and for its results to be causally interpreted, there must have been random assignment by individuals. So, randomization is considered necessary in participant assignment.
- Participant selection determines who is in the study, this deals with the population component of external validity. Radomiziation helps to ensure generalizability. Participant assignment determines who does what in the experiment. This alters the internal validity, specifically initial equivalence, of the experiment. Random assignment of individuals is necessary for there to be initial equivalence in the study. this would ideally control all subject variables that may alter the experiment.
- Participant selection is the process by which researchers select certain individuals to be an accurate representation of the target population. This sort of selection is associated with external validity because the matter of whether or not the results of the study will accurately represent the target population is in question. Random selection of individuals is desirable to eliminate any potential subject variables that could become confounds. Participant assignment is the process by which researchers place participants into certain groups. This has to do with internal validity and the causal interpretablity of the results of the experiment. Random assignment of individuals into groups is desirable to eliminate initial equivalence issues between groups.
- Participant selection refers to how we choose who is going to be in the study. The validity type that is associated with this is external validity. The selection process begins with the given population, which is basically the group of people we want our RH to apply to. Then we get a sampling frame which is either complete (a list of everyone in the population) or purposive (a list of some that would represent our population in our circumstance). A complete sampling frame is preferred because it will add to our study being a true experiment. The people chosen off of this sampling frame would have to be random in order to make our study a true experiment however.
Participant assignment refers to how we decide who, out of our already selected sample, will participate in what task/stimulus. This deals with internal validity. The only assignment that will give us a true experiment and make our study causally interpretable is the random assignment of individuals.
- Participant selection deals with who is involved in the study. This is associated with the population component of external validity. Participant assignment deals with who is involved in what study and when. This is associated with initial equivalence and internal validity. Randomization is always a good idea! Randomization is completly necessary to test a causal research hypothesis.
- Participant selection is all about external validity, specifically population validity. This is about who is going to be in the study and can be researcher or self selected and can be simple, where everyone has an equal chance of selection, or stratified, where each person in the specific divisions has an equal chance of being selected from that division. Participant assignment, on the other hand, is all about internal validity, specifically initial equivalence. This is how participants get put into their groups for the study and there are numerous ways that this can happen; random assignment of individuals, random assignment of groups, arbitrary assignment by researcher, administrative assignment or even non-assignment.
As for randomization, it is important for both selection and assignment, but only if you are running a true experiment and want to causally interpret your results. If you are, then you need a random sample during the selection process to get a representative sample and you need random assignment of individuals by the researcher during the assignment phase.
- Participant selection refers to who will be in the study, which is related to the population component of external validity. Participant assignment deals with what conditions will be assigned to whom in the study, which is related to the initial equivalence component of internal validity. In order to randomize both one needs random assignment of individuals by the researcher before manipulation of the independent variable (IV). If this is not followed, one would not have conducted a "good" true experiment. This randomization is necessary in order to causally interpret the results of the study.
- study are put in the different parts of the experiment by the experimenter. this can have a randomization if the experimenter uses a ramdom way to choose where each participant goes, where participant selection is where the participants choose where they want to go, like a choice between a video quiz or a paper quiz, this has some randomization by the participants, but not as much as a well done participant assignment. participant assignment is associated with internal, and selection is associated with external