SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY MANUAL

SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS

SWAMPSCOTT,MASSACHUSETTS, 01907

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

How to Use this Manual

How the Manual is organized

How to Find a Policy

Using the Signs and Symbols

About Policies and Regulations

Is the Manual Complete?

Order of Precedence

Terminology

A.FOUNDATIONS AND BASIC COMMITMENTS

SCHOOL DISTRICT LEGAL STATUS

THE PEOPLE AND THEIR SCHOOL DISTRICT

NONDISCRIMINATION

NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX

NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP

POLICY AGAINST HARASSMENT INCLUDING HARASSMENT BASED UPON SEX/GENDER, RACE, COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN, RELIGION, AGE, HANDICAP AND/OR DISABILITY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION

I.POLICY PREAMBLE

II.HARASSMENT/PROHIBITED CONDUCT DEFINED

III.RESPONSIBILITIES

IV.REFERRAL PROCEDURES

V.COMPLAINT INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES

VI.CORRECTIVE PROCEDURES

VII.REPRISAL

VIII.RIGHT TO ALTERNATIVE COMPLAINT PROCEDURES

IX.HARASSMENT AS CHILD ABUSE

HARASSMENT/COMPLAINT FORM

PHILOSOPHY OF THE SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS

SMOKING ON SCHOOL PREMISES

RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SCHOOL EMPLOYEES REGARDING PROHIBITION OF USE OF TOBACCO

SAFE SCHOOLS

C.O.R.I. REQUIREMENTS

C.O.R.I. REQUIREMENTS

COMMITMENT TO ACCOMPLISHMENT

B.SCHOOL BOARD GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE OPERATIONAL GOALS

EVALUATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

SCHOOL COMMITTEE LEGAL STATUS

ROLE OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE (POWERS, PURPOSES, DUTIES)

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER AUTHORITY

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER QUALIFICATIONS/OATH OF OFFICE

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER RESIGNATION

UNEXPIRED TERM FULFILLMENT

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER ETHICS

THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING

SCHOOL COMMITTEE OFFICERS

APPOINTED COMMITTEE OFFICIALS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE-SUPERINTENDENT RELATIONSHIP

SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE

ADVISORY COMMITTEES TO THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE

SCHOOL COUNCILS

SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PLAN

SUBMISSION AND APPROVAL OF THE SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PLAN

CONDUCT OF SCHOOL COUNCIL BUSINESS

SCHOOL ATTORNEY

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEETINGS

EXECUTIVE SESSIONS

NOTIFICATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEETINGS/

DELIVERY OF MATERIALS

AGENDA FORMAT

AGENDA FORMAT

RULES OF ORDER

VOTING METHOD

MINUTES

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AT REGULAR MEETINGS

SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY DEVELOPMENT

POLICY ADOPTION

POLICY REVISION AND REVIEW

SCHOOL COMMITTEE REVIEW OF REGULATIONS

POLICY DISSEMINATION

SUSPENSION OF POLICIES

SCHOOL COMMITTEE-STAFF COMMUNICATIONS

USE OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGING BY SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERS

ORIENTATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE CONFERENCES, CONVENTIONS, AND WORKSHOPS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES

SCHOOL COMMITTEE LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM

SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS

C.GENERAL SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

ADMINISTRATION GOALS

SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT

SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS JOB DESCRIPTION

SUPERINTENDENT'S CONTRACT

EVALUATION OF THE SUPERINTENDENT

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

LINE AND STAFF RELATIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCILS, CABINETS AND COMMITTEES

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATIONS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE REVIEW OF REGULATIONS

REGULATIONS DISSEMINATION

APPROVAL OF HANDBOOKS, DIRECTIVES, ETC.

APPROVAL OF HANDBOOKS AND DIRECTIVES

ADMINISTRATION IN POLICY ABSENCE

ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS

SCHOOL DISTRICT ANNUAL REPORT

D.FISCAL MANAGEMENT

FISCAL MANAGEMENT GOALS

ANNUAL BUDGET

BUDGET DEADLINES AND SCHEDULES

BUDGET PLANNING

BUDGET ADOPTION PROCEDURES

BUDGET TRANSFER AUTHORITY

GRANT REQUESTS

FUNDING PROPOSALS AND APPLICATIONS

AUTHORIZED SIGNATURES

BONDED EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS

FISCAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING

AUDITS

PURCHASING

PURCHASING AUTHORITY

BIDDING REQUIREMENTS

VENDOR RELATIONS

PAYMENT PROCEDURES

EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENTS

E.SUPPORT SERVICES

SAFETY PROGRAM

SCHOOL PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY STATEMENT

FIRST AID

EMERGENCY PLANS

EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

EMERGENCY CLOSINGS

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS SECURITY

VANDALISM

AUTHORIZED USE OF SCHOOL-OWNED MATERIALS

STUDENT TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

WALKERS AND RIDERS

SCHOOL BUS SAFETY PROGRAM

BUS DRIVER EXAMINATION AND TRAINING

DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING FOR SCHOOL BUS ANDCOMMERCIAL VEHICLE DRIVERS

STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES

STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES

STUDENT TRANSPORTATION IN PRIVATE VEHICLES

FREE AND REDUCED PRICE FOOD SERVICES

COPYRIGHT POLICY

COPYRIGHT LAWS

F.FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT

FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT GOALS

FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT GOALS

FACILITIES PLANNING

RETIREMENT OF FACILITIES

NAMING NEW FACILITIES

G.PERSONNEL

PERSONNEL POLICIES GOALS

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

SCHOOL COMMITTEE-STAFF COMMUNICATIONS

STAFF ETHICS / CONFLICT OF INTEREST

STAFF CONDUCT

PUBLIC COMMENTS BY SCHOOL PERSONNEL

GIFTS TO AND SOLICITATIONS BY STAFF

DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE POLICY

TOBACCO USE ON SCHOOL PROPERTY BY STAFF MEMBERS

AIDS AND EMPLOYEES

STAFF PERSONAL SECURITY AND SAFETY

STAFF PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES

PERSONNEL RECORDS

STAFF COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES

PROFESSIONAL STAFF POSITIONS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF SALARY SCHEDULES

EMPLOYMENT OF PRINCIPALS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF SUPPLEMENTARY PAY PLANS

SICK LEAVE BANK FOR ADMINISTRATORS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE

FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE

PROFESSIONAL STAFF VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF RECRUITING/POSTING OF VACANCIES

PROFESSIONAL STAFF HIRING

PART-TIME AND SUBSTITUTE PROFESSIONAL STAFF EMPLOYMENT

PHILOSOPHY OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT

PROFESSIONAL TEACHER STATUS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS

PROFESSIONAL STAFF TIME SCHEDULES

EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF

EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF

EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF TEACHERS

EVALUATION OF TEACHERS AND ADMINISTRATORS

Principles of Evaluation

REDUCTION IN PROFESSIONAL STAFF WORK FORCE

RESIGNATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS

RETIREMENT OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS

SUSPENSION AND DISMISSAL OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS

TUTORING FOR PAY

SUPPORT STAFF POSITIONS

SUPPORT STAFF CONTRACTS AND COMPENSATION PLANS

SUPPORT STAFF SUPPLEMENTARY PAY PLANS

SUPPORT STAFF FRINGE BENEFITS

SUPPORT STAFF LEAVES AND ABSENCES

SUPPORT STAFF FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE

FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE

SUPPORT STAFF VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS

SUPPORT STAFF RECRUITING/POSTING OF VACANCIES

SUPPORT STAFF HIRING

SUPPORT STAFF PROBATION

SUPPORT STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS

SUPPORT STAFF TIME SCHEDULES

EVALUATION OF SUPPORT STAFF

SUPPORT STAFF PROMOTIONS

RETIREMENT OF SUPPORT STAFF MEMBERS

SUSPENSION AND DISMISSAL OF SUPPORT STAFF MEMBERS

H.NEGOTIATIONS

NEGOTIATIONS

NEGOTIATIONS GOALS

NEGOTIATIONS LEGAL STATUS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE NEGOTIATING AGENTS

I.INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM

INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS

ACADEMIC FREEDOM

SCHOOL YEAR/SCHOOL CALENDAR

SCHOOL DAY

ORGANIZATION OF INSTRUCTION

CURRICULUM DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT/ADOPTION

SUPPORT SERVICES PROGRAMS

REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION

ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS

CURRICULUM ADOPTION

BASIC INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM

BASIC INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM

WRITING POLICY

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION

HEALTH EDUCATION

PARENTAL NOTIFICATION RELATIVE TO SEX EDUCATION

SAMPLE NOTICE TO PARENT/GUARDIAN

HEALTH EDUCATION (Exemption Procedure)

TEACHING ABOUT DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS AND ACCOMMODATIONS

PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

GIFTED AND TALENTED EDUCATION

COMPENSATORY EDUCATION

ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

HOMEBOUND INSTRUCTION

HOME SCHOOLING

HOME SCHOOLING

HOME SCHOOLING

ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL PROGRAMS

SUMMER SCHOOLS

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

RECONSIDERATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

TEXTBOOK SELECTION AND ADOPTION

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION

LIBRARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION

LIBRARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION

LIBRARY RESOURCES

SPECIAL INTEREST MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION

CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONa

ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY – TECHNOLOGY

USER AGREEMENT FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY – TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL AND DISTRICT WEB PAGES

WEB SITE GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR APPROVAL

Consistence Standards

FIELD TRIPS

REQUESTS FOR APPROVAL OF FIELD TRIP

COMMUNITY RESOURCE PERSONS/ SPEAKERS

SCHOOL VOLUNTEERS

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

STUDENT PROGRESS REPORTS TO PARENTS/GUARDIANS

HOMEWORK

PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF STUDENTS

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS

DISTRICT PROGRAM ASSESSMENTS

DISTRICT PROGRAM ASSESSMENTS

CURRICULUM EVALUATION PROCESS STEERING COMMITTEE

TEACHING ACTIVITIES/PRESENTATIONS

TEACHING ABOUT CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES/CONTROVERSIAL SPEAKERS

SCHOOL CEREMONIES AND OBSERVANCES

J.STUDENTS

STUDENT POLICIES GOALS

STUDENT POLICIES GOALS

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

STUDENT-TO-STUDENT HARASSMENT

ATTENDANCE AREAS

GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSED ATTENDANCE AREAS

STUDENT ATTENDANCE

ENTRANCE AGE

KINDERGARTEN ENROLLMENT POLICY

ADMISSION TO SCHOOL

SCHOOL ADMISSIONS

SCHOOL ADMISSIONS

HOMELESS STUDENTS: ENROLLMENT RIGHTS AND SERVICES

OPEN ENROLLMENT POLICY

SCHOOL CHOICE

STUDENT ABSENCES AND EXCUSES

EXCLUSIONS AND EXEMPTIONS FROM SCHOOL ATTENDANCE

STUDENT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION-MAKING

STUDENT CONDUCT

STUDENT DRESS CODE

STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES

STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES

STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

GANG ACTIVITY/SECRET SOCIETIES

PROHIBITION OF HAZING

HAZING

BULLYING

TOBACCO USE BY STUDENTS

ALCOHOL USE BY STUDENTS

PREGNANT STUDENTS

SEARCHES AND INTERROGATIONS

STUDENT COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES

CO-CURRICULAR AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

CO-CURRICULAR AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS

STUDENT FUND-RAISING ACTIVITIES

STUDENT ACTIVITY ACCOUNTS

CONTESTS FOR STUDENTS

STUDENT TRAVEL

STUDENT TRAVEL REGULATIONS

USE OF SCHOOL SYSTEM VANS AND OUT-OF-STATE FIELD TRIPS

INTERSCHOLASTIC ATHLETICS

STUDENT DISCIPLINE

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

PHYSICAL RESTRAINT OF STUDENTS

STUDENT WELFARE

STUDENT INSURANCE PROGRAM

STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES AND REQUIREMENTS

PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF STUDENTS

INOCULATIONS OF STUDENTS

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

ADMINISTERING MEDICINES TO STUDENTS

FIRST AID/ACCIDENTS

ACCIDENT REPORT

GUIDANCE PROGRAM

GUIDANCE PROGRAM

STUDENT GIFTS AND SOLICITATIONS

STUDENT FEES, FINES, AND CHARGES

STUDENT RECORDS

STUDENT RECORDS

STUDENT PHOTOGRAPHS

K.SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS GOALS

SCHOOL/COMMUNITY RELATIONS GOALS

SCHOOL/PARENT RELATIONS GOALS

NON-CUSTODIAL PARENTS’ RIGHTS

SAMPLE NOTICE TO THE CUSTODIAL PARENT

SAMPLE AFFIDAVIT FOR NON-CUSTODIAL PARENT REQUESTING STUDENT RECORDS

PARENT/TEACHER COMMUNICATION

ACCESSIBILITY/RETURN OF TESTS

RELATIONS WITH PARENT ORGANIZATIONS

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION-MAKING

PUBLIC GIFTS TO THE SCHOOLS

PUBLIC'S RIGHT TO KNOW

NEWS MEDIA RELATIONS/NEWS RELEASES

PUBLIC COMPLAINTS

PUBLIC COMPLAINTS

PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT SCHOOL PERSONNEL

PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT SCHOOL PERSONNEL

PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE CURRICULUM OR INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

COMPLAINTS ABOUT INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

COMMUNITY USE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES

COMMUNITY USE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES

PUBLIC SOLICITATIONS IN THE SCHOOLS

ADVERTISING IN THE SCHOOLS

VISITORS TO THE SCHOOLS

RELATIONS WITH BOOSTER ORGANIZATIONS

RELATIONS WITH POLICE AUTHORITIES

RELATIONS WITH PLANNING AUTHORITIES

RELATIONS WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

L.EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS

EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS GOALS

RELATIONS WITH OTHER SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL DISTRICTS

RELATIONS WITH NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS

STUDENT TEACHING AND INTERNSHIPS

SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY MANUAL

SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS

SWAMPSCOTT,MASSACHUSETTS, 01907

INTRODUCTION

This manual contains the official policies of the Swampscott School Committee (reproduced on white paper); the major regulations intended to implement policy (yellow paper); and certain reference or "exhibit" documents that relate to policies and/or regulations (green paper).

Policy development in a modern, forward-looking school system is a dynamic, ongoing process. New problems, issues, and needs give rise to the continuing need to develop new policies or to revise existing ones. This is why the committee employs the loose-leaf format for this manual. It is easy to keep up to date.

Each person holding a copy of this manual should make a diligent effort to keep it up to date as new policies, regulations, and exhibits are distributed by the central office.

How to Use this Manual

The school department operates according to policies established by the school committee. The committee then appraises the effects of its policies and makes revisions as necessary.

In the interests of harmony, efficiency, uniformity of interpretation, coordination of effort, and in fairness to all concerned, the committee makes this manual available to all who are affected by its policies.

Please Note: All copies of this manual are the property of the Swampscott Public Schools.

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How the Manual is organized

The manual is organized in accordance with the classification system developed by the National School Boards Association. This system provides an efficient means of coding, filing, and finding policies and other documents. There are 12 major classifications each assigned an alphabetical code:

A -- FOUNDATIONS AND BASIC COMMITMENTS

B --SCHOOL BOARD GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONS

C --GENERAL SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

D -- FISCAL MANAGEMENT

E --SUPPORT SERVICES

F --FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT

G --PERSONNEL

H --NEGOTIATIONS

I --INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM

J --STUDENTS

K --SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

L --EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS

Sub classification under each heading is based on logical sequence and alphabetical sub coding. For an example of the sub coding system, examine the white pages immediately following the tab for Section AD--Foundations and Basic Commitments.

The white pages that follow the tab for each major section present the classification system, section by section, and serve as the tables of contents for each section or "chapter" of this manual.

How to Find a Policy

There are two ways to find a policy (or regulation) in this policy manual:

  1. Consider where the policy statement (or regulation) would be filed among the 12 major classifications. Turn to the Table of Contents for that section and glance down the listing until you find the term that most closely fits the topic you are seeking. Use the code letters given for that term to locate the policy you need. The pages are arranged in alphabetical order by code within the section. All pages are coded in their upper right hand corner.
  1. Turn to the Code Finder Index at the end of the manual. The code finder is an alphabetical index of all terms used in education. Look up your topic as in any index, find the code, and use the code to locate the correct page in the manual.

What if you can't find the term you are seeking? The code finder index lists more than 1,800 terms, but no index of useful size could include every possibility. If the term you are seeking is not included, look up a synonym or a more general or specific term appropriate to the topic.

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What if you can find the term and code, but there is no policy or regulation? This probably means that the school system has no written policy or important regulations in that particular area. All terms used in the classification system appear in the sectional tables of contents and Code Finder Index to accommodate the coding, insertion, and finding of policies or regulations that may be issued later. But there is one other possibility. A brief statement related to the policy you are seeking may be incorporated in a "superior" policy, which covers the area generally. This "superior" policy will be coded under a more general term. To find it, read up the classification system. For example, a policy statement, which relates to all meetings of the school committee, might be filed under "School Board Meetings" (BD) rather than "Regular Board Meetings" (BDA). (Please note: In the classification system and Code Finder Index, read "School Committee" for "School Board".)

Using the Signs and Symbols

Various signs and symbols are used in connection with the classification system. They are for your use in locating and/or in examining policies. Included are the following:

Also:Certain policies bear two codes in the upper right hand corner. The second is in parentheses and is preceded by 'Also'. This means that the identical policy (or regulation) is filed under both codes.

-R This symbol following a code indicates that the statement is a regulation, not a committee policy. The statement appears on a yellow, rather than a white, sheet.

-E Exhibit. This symbol following a code indicates that the statement is a reference document such as a calendar, application form, etc., rather than a policy. Such statements are printed on green paper.

DATES:

Where possible, the original date of adoption/issuance appears immediately following each policy or regulation. In other instances, an approximate adoption or re-approval date is used.

LEGAL REFERENCE:

Pertinent legal references are given to inform the reader where in state law s/he may find the statutes that relate to a specific policy. Unless otherwise noted, all references direct the reader to the General Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (cited as M.G.L., Chapter and section).

CONTRACT REFERENCE:

Agreements reached through negotiations with recognized staff organizations have the full force of committee policy. References to negotiated agreements are provided, as appropriate, to direct the reader to statements in these agreements.

CROSS REFERENCE:

Certain policies and regulations relate to others. Cross-references are provided following many statements to help the reader find all of the related information needed.

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About Policies and Regulations

Generally, the role of a School Committee is to set policy and the role of the administration is to implement it through regulations. Written policies are the chief means by which a School Committee governs the schools, and regulations are one of the means by which the committee's policies are implemented. The following definitions provide a distinction between these two types of statements:

POLICIES are principles adopted by the School Committee to chart a course of action. They are broad enough to indicate a line of action to be taken by the administration in meeting a number of day-to-day problems while being narrow enough to give the administration clear guidance.

REGULATIONS are detailed directions usually developed by the administration to put policy into practice.

These definitions are serviceable some of the time. They reflect sound theory of governance and administration. But policies and regulations are obviously closely related. They can and do merge, making it difficult to ascertain where one begins and the other ends. For example:

* State and federal governments require school committees to make or officially approve detailed regulations, and procedures in certain areas.

* A School Committee signs contracts and agreements that may contain and interweave policies, regulations, and procedural detail.

* The public staff, or school committee members may demand that the School Committee itself, not the administration, establish specific regulations and procedures in certain sensitive areas.

It is the intermingling of policy and regulation in law, in contracts, and in adopted statements of the School Committee that can cause confusion. Sometimes they are not easily separated. Therefore, the separation of policies and regulations in this manual follows several "rules of thumb" in addition to basic theory: