SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY MANUAL
SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS
SWAMPSCOTT,MASSACHUSETTS, 01907
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
How to Use this Manual
How the Manual is organized
How to Find a Policy
Using the Signs and Symbols
About Policies and Regulations
Is the Manual Complete?
Order of Precedence
Terminology
A.FOUNDATIONS AND BASIC COMMITMENTS
SCHOOL DISTRICT LEGAL STATUS
THE PEOPLE AND THEIR SCHOOL DISTRICT
NONDISCRIMINATION
NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX
NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP
POLICY AGAINST HARASSMENT INCLUDING HARASSMENT BASED UPON SEX/GENDER, RACE, COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN, RELIGION, AGE, HANDICAP AND/OR DISABILITY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION
I.POLICY PREAMBLE
II.HARASSMENT/PROHIBITED CONDUCT DEFINED
III.RESPONSIBILITIES
IV.REFERRAL PROCEDURES
V.COMPLAINT INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
VI.CORRECTIVE PROCEDURES
VII.REPRISAL
VIII.RIGHT TO ALTERNATIVE COMPLAINT PROCEDURES
IX.HARASSMENT AS CHILD ABUSE
HARASSMENT/COMPLAINT FORM
PHILOSOPHY OF THE SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS
SMOKING ON SCHOOL PREMISES
RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SCHOOL EMPLOYEES REGARDING PROHIBITION OF USE OF TOBACCO
SAFE SCHOOLS
C.O.R.I. REQUIREMENTS
C.O.R.I. REQUIREMENTS
COMMITMENT TO ACCOMPLISHMENT
B.SCHOOL BOARD GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE OPERATIONAL GOALS
EVALUATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
SCHOOL COMMITTEE LEGAL STATUS
ROLE OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE (POWERS, PURPOSES, DUTIES)
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER AUTHORITY
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER QUALIFICATIONS/OATH OF OFFICE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER RESIGNATION
UNEXPIRED TERM FULFILLMENT
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER ETHICS
THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING
SCHOOL COMMITTEE OFFICERS
APPOINTED COMMITTEE OFFICIALS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE-SUPERINTENDENT RELATIONSHIP
SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
ADVISORY COMMITTEES TO THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
SCHOOL COUNCILS
SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PLAN
SUBMISSION AND APPROVAL OF THE SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PLAN
CONDUCT OF SCHOOL COUNCIL BUSINESS
SCHOOL ATTORNEY
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEETINGS
EXECUTIVE SESSIONS
NOTIFICATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEETINGS/
DELIVERY OF MATERIALS
AGENDA FORMAT
AGENDA FORMAT
RULES OF ORDER
VOTING METHOD
MINUTES
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AT REGULAR MEETINGS
SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY DEVELOPMENT
POLICY ADOPTION
POLICY REVISION AND REVIEW
SCHOOL COMMITTEE REVIEW OF REGULATIONS
POLICY DISSEMINATION
SUSPENSION OF POLICIES
SCHOOL COMMITTEE-STAFF COMMUNICATIONS
USE OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGING BY SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERS
ORIENTATION OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE CONFERENCES, CONVENTIONS, AND WORKSHOPS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBER COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES
SCHOOL COMMITTEE LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS
C.GENERAL SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION GOALS
SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS JOB DESCRIPTION
SUPERINTENDENT'S CONTRACT
EVALUATION OF THE SUPERINTENDENT
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
LINE AND STAFF RELATIONS
ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCILS, CABINETS AND COMMITTEES
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATIONS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE REVIEW OF REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS DISSEMINATION
APPROVAL OF HANDBOOKS, DIRECTIVES, ETC.
APPROVAL OF HANDBOOKS AND DIRECTIVES
ADMINISTRATION IN POLICY ABSENCE
ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS
SCHOOL DISTRICT ANNUAL REPORT
D.FISCAL MANAGEMENT
FISCAL MANAGEMENT GOALS
ANNUAL BUDGET
BUDGET DEADLINES AND SCHEDULES
BUDGET PLANNING
BUDGET ADOPTION PROCEDURES
BUDGET TRANSFER AUTHORITY
GRANT REQUESTS
FUNDING PROPOSALS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHORIZED SIGNATURES
BONDED EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS
FISCAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING
AUDITS
PURCHASING
PURCHASING AUTHORITY
BIDDING REQUIREMENTS
VENDOR RELATIONS
PAYMENT PROCEDURES
EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENTS
E.SUPPORT SERVICES
SAFETY PROGRAM
SCHOOL PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY STATEMENT
FIRST AID
EMERGENCY PLANS
EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
EMERGENCY CLOSINGS
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS SECURITY
VANDALISM
AUTHORIZED USE OF SCHOOL-OWNED MATERIALS
STUDENT TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
WALKERS AND RIDERS
SCHOOL BUS SAFETY PROGRAM
BUS DRIVER EXAMINATION AND TRAINING
DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING FOR SCHOOL BUS ANDCOMMERCIAL VEHICLE DRIVERS
STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES
STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES
STUDENT TRANSPORTATION IN PRIVATE VEHICLES
FREE AND REDUCED PRICE FOOD SERVICES
COPYRIGHT POLICY
COPYRIGHT LAWS
F.FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT
FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT GOALS
FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT GOALS
FACILITIES PLANNING
RETIREMENT OF FACILITIES
NAMING NEW FACILITIES
G.PERSONNEL
PERSONNEL POLICIES GOALS
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
SCHOOL COMMITTEE-STAFF COMMUNICATIONS
STAFF ETHICS / CONFLICT OF INTEREST
STAFF CONDUCT
PUBLIC COMMENTS BY SCHOOL PERSONNEL
GIFTS TO AND SOLICITATIONS BY STAFF
DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE POLICY
TOBACCO USE ON SCHOOL PROPERTY BY STAFF MEMBERS
AIDS AND EMPLOYEES
STAFF PERSONAL SECURITY AND SAFETY
STAFF PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
PERSONNEL RECORDS
STAFF COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES
PROFESSIONAL STAFF POSITIONS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF SALARY SCHEDULES
EMPLOYMENT OF PRINCIPALS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF SUPPLEMENTARY PAY PLANS
SICK LEAVE BANK FOR ADMINISTRATORS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE
FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE
PROFESSIONAL STAFF VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF RECRUITING/POSTING OF VACANCIES
PROFESSIONAL STAFF HIRING
PART-TIME AND SUBSTITUTE PROFESSIONAL STAFF EMPLOYMENT
PHILOSOPHY OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
PROFESSIONAL TEACHER STATUS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS
PROFESSIONAL STAFF TIME SCHEDULES
EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF
EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF
EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF TEACHERS
EVALUATION OF TEACHERS AND ADMINISTRATORS
Principles of Evaluation
REDUCTION IN PROFESSIONAL STAFF WORK FORCE
RESIGNATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS
RETIREMENT OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS
SUSPENSION AND DISMISSAL OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS
TUTORING FOR PAY
SUPPORT STAFF POSITIONS
SUPPORT STAFF CONTRACTS AND COMPENSATION PLANS
SUPPORT STAFF SUPPLEMENTARY PAY PLANS
SUPPORT STAFF FRINGE BENEFITS
SUPPORT STAFF LEAVES AND ABSENCES
SUPPORT STAFF FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE
FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE
SUPPORT STAFF VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS
SUPPORT STAFF RECRUITING/POSTING OF VACANCIES
SUPPORT STAFF HIRING
SUPPORT STAFF PROBATION
SUPPORT STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS
SUPPORT STAFF TIME SCHEDULES
EVALUATION OF SUPPORT STAFF
SUPPORT STAFF PROMOTIONS
RETIREMENT OF SUPPORT STAFF MEMBERS
SUSPENSION AND DISMISSAL OF SUPPORT STAFF MEMBERS
H.NEGOTIATIONS
NEGOTIATIONS
NEGOTIATIONS GOALS
NEGOTIATIONS LEGAL STATUS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE NEGOTIATING AGENTS
I.INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM
INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
SCHOOL YEAR/SCHOOL CALENDAR
SCHOOL DAY
ORGANIZATION OF INSTRUCTION
CURRICULUM DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT/ADOPTION
SUPPORT SERVICES PROGRAMS
REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION
ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS
CURRICULUM ADOPTION
BASIC INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM
BASIC INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM
WRITING POLICY
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
PARENTAL NOTIFICATION RELATIVE TO SEX EDUCATION
SAMPLE NOTICE TO PARENT/GUARDIAN
HEALTH EDUCATION (Exemption Procedure)
TEACHING ABOUT DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS AND ACCOMMODATIONS
PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
GIFTED AND TALENTED EDUCATION
COMPENSATORY EDUCATION
ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
HOMEBOUND INSTRUCTION
HOME SCHOOLING
HOME SCHOOLING
HOME SCHOOLING
ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL PROGRAMS
SUMMER SCHOOLS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
RECONSIDERATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
TEXTBOOK SELECTION AND ADOPTION
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION
LIBRARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION
LIBRARY MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION
LIBRARY RESOURCES
SPECIAL INTEREST MATERIALS SELECTION AND ADOPTION
CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONa
ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY – TECHNOLOGY
USER AGREEMENT FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY – TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL AND DISTRICT WEB PAGES
WEB SITE GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR APPROVAL
Consistence Standards
FIELD TRIPS
REQUESTS FOR APPROVAL OF FIELD TRIP
COMMUNITY RESOURCE PERSONS/ SPEAKERS
SCHOOL VOLUNTEERS
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
STUDENT PROGRESS REPORTS TO PARENTS/GUARDIANS
HOMEWORK
PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF STUDENTS
GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS
DISTRICT PROGRAM ASSESSMENTS
DISTRICT PROGRAM ASSESSMENTS
CURRICULUM EVALUATION PROCESS STEERING COMMITTEE
TEACHING ACTIVITIES/PRESENTATIONS
TEACHING ABOUT CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES/CONTROVERSIAL SPEAKERS
SCHOOL CEREMONIES AND OBSERVANCES
J.STUDENTS
STUDENT POLICIES GOALS
STUDENT POLICIES GOALS
EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
STUDENT-TO-STUDENT HARASSMENT
ATTENDANCE AREAS
GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSED ATTENDANCE AREAS
STUDENT ATTENDANCE
ENTRANCE AGE
KINDERGARTEN ENROLLMENT POLICY
ADMISSION TO SCHOOL
SCHOOL ADMISSIONS
SCHOOL ADMISSIONS
HOMELESS STUDENTS: ENROLLMENT RIGHTS AND SERVICES
OPEN ENROLLMENT POLICY
SCHOOL CHOICE
STUDENT ABSENCES AND EXCUSES
EXCLUSIONS AND EXEMPTIONS FROM SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
STUDENT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION-MAKING
STUDENT CONDUCT
STUDENT DRESS CODE
STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES
STUDENT CONDUCT ON SCHOOL BUSES
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
GANG ACTIVITY/SECRET SOCIETIES
PROHIBITION OF HAZING
HAZING
BULLYING
TOBACCO USE BY STUDENTS
ALCOHOL USE BY STUDENTS
PREGNANT STUDENTS
SEARCHES AND INTERROGATIONS
STUDENT COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES
CO-CURRICULAR AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
CO-CURRICULAR AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
STUDENT FUND-RAISING ACTIVITIES
STUDENT ACTIVITY ACCOUNTS
CONTESTS FOR STUDENTS
STUDENT TRAVEL
STUDENT TRAVEL REGULATIONS
USE OF SCHOOL SYSTEM VANS AND OUT-OF-STATE FIELD TRIPS
INTERSCHOLASTIC ATHLETICS
STUDENT DISCIPLINE
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
PHYSICAL RESTRAINT OF STUDENTS
STUDENT WELFARE
STUDENT INSURANCE PROGRAM
STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES AND REQUIREMENTS
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF STUDENTS
INOCULATIONS OF STUDENTS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
ADMINISTERING MEDICINES TO STUDENTS
FIRST AID/ACCIDENTS
ACCIDENT REPORT
GUIDANCE PROGRAM
GUIDANCE PROGRAM
STUDENT GIFTS AND SOLICITATIONS
STUDENT FEES, FINES, AND CHARGES
STUDENT RECORDS
STUDENT RECORDS
STUDENT PHOTOGRAPHS
K.SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS GOALS
SCHOOL/COMMUNITY RELATIONS GOALS
SCHOOL/PARENT RELATIONS GOALS
NON-CUSTODIAL PARENTS’ RIGHTS
SAMPLE NOTICE TO THE CUSTODIAL PARENT
SAMPLE AFFIDAVIT FOR NON-CUSTODIAL PARENT REQUESTING STUDENT RECORDS
PARENT/TEACHER COMMUNICATION
ACCESSIBILITY/RETURN OF TESTS
RELATIONS WITH PARENT ORGANIZATIONS
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION-MAKING
PUBLIC GIFTS TO THE SCHOOLS
PUBLIC'S RIGHT TO KNOW
NEWS MEDIA RELATIONS/NEWS RELEASES
PUBLIC COMPLAINTS
PUBLIC COMPLAINTS
PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT SCHOOL PERSONNEL
PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT SCHOOL PERSONNEL
PUBLIC COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE CURRICULUM OR INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
COMPLAINTS ABOUT INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
COMMUNITY USE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES
COMMUNITY USE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES
PUBLIC SOLICITATIONS IN THE SCHOOLS
ADVERTISING IN THE SCHOOLS
VISITORS TO THE SCHOOLS
RELATIONS WITH BOOSTER ORGANIZATIONS
RELATIONS WITH POLICE AUTHORITIES
RELATIONS WITH PLANNING AUTHORITIES
RELATIONS WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES
L.EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS
EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS GOALS
RELATIONS WITH OTHER SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL DISTRICTS
RELATIONS WITH NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS
STUDENT TEACHING AND INTERNSHIPS
SCHOOL COMMITTEE POLICY MANUAL
SWAMPSCOTT PUBLIC SCHOOLS
SWAMPSCOTT,MASSACHUSETTS, 01907
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains the official policies of the Swampscott School Committee (reproduced on white paper); the major regulations intended to implement policy (yellow paper); and certain reference or "exhibit" documents that relate to policies and/or regulations (green paper).
Policy development in a modern, forward-looking school system is a dynamic, ongoing process. New problems, issues, and needs give rise to the continuing need to develop new policies or to revise existing ones. This is why the committee employs the loose-leaf format for this manual. It is easy to keep up to date.
Each person holding a copy of this manual should make a diligent effort to keep it up to date as new policies, regulations, and exhibits are distributed by the central office.
How to Use this Manual
The school department operates according to policies established by the school committee. The committee then appraises the effects of its policies and makes revisions as necessary.
In the interests of harmony, efficiency, uniformity of interpretation, coordination of effort, and in fairness to all concerned, the committee makes this manual available to all who are affected by its policies.
Please Note: All copies of this manual are the property of the Swampscott Public Schools.
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How the Manual is organized
The manual is organized in accordance with the classification system developed by the National School Boards Association. This system provides an efficient means of coding, filing, and finding policies and other documents. There are 12 major classifications each assigned an alphabetical code:
A -- FOUNDATIONS AND BASIC COMMITMENTS
B --SCHOOL BOARD GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONS
C --GENERAL SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION
D -- FISCAL MANAGEMENT
E --SUPPORT SERVICES
F --FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT
G --PERSONNEL
H --NEGOTIATIONS
I --INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM
J --STUDENTS
K --SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
L --EDUCATION AGENCY RELATIONS
Sub classification under each heading is based on logical sequence and alphabetical sub coding. For an example of the sub coding system, examine the white pages immediately following the tab for Section AD--Foundations and Basic Commitments.
The white pages that follow the tab for each major section present the classification system, section by section, and serve as the tables of contents for each section or "chapter" of this manual.
How to Find a Policy
There are two ways to find a policy (or regulation) in this policy manual:
- Consider where the policy statement (or regulation) would be filed among the 12 major classifications. Turn to the Table of Contents for that section and glance down the listing until you find the term that most closely fits the topic you are seeking. Use the code letters given for that term to locate the policy you need. The pages are arranged in alphabetical order by code within the section. All pages are coded in their upper right hand corner.
- Turn to the Code Finder Index at the end of the manual. The code finder is an alphabetical index of all terms used in education. Look up your topic as in any index, find the code, and use the code to locate the correct page in the manual.
What if you can't find the term you are seeking? The code finder index lists more than 1,800 terms, but no index of useful size could include every possibility. If the term you are seeking is not included, look up a synonym or a more general or specific term appropriate to the topic.
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What if you can find the term and code, but there is no policy or regulation? This probably means that the school system has no written policy or important regulations in that particular area. All terms used in the classification system appear in the sectional tables of contents and Code Finder Index to accommodate the coding, insertion, and finding of policies or regulations that may be issued later. But there is one other possibility. A brief statement related to the policy you are seeking may be incorporated in a "superior" policy, which covers the area generally. This "superior" policy will be coded under a more general term. To find it, read up the classification system. For example, a policy statement, which relates to all meetings of the school committee, might be filed under "School Board Meetings" (BD) rather than "Regular Board Meetings" (BDA). (Please note: In the classification system and Code Finder Index, read "School Committee" for "School Board".)
Using the Signs and Symbols
Various signs and symbols are used in connection with the classification system. They are for your use in locating and/or in examining policies. Included are the following:
Also:Certain policies bear two codes in the upper right hand corner. The second is in parentheses and is preceded by 'Also'. This means that the identical policy (or regulation) is filed under both codes.
-R This symbol following a code indicates that the statement is a regulation, not a committee policy. The statement appears on a yellow, rather than a white, sheet.
-E Exhibit. This symbol following a code indicates that the statement is a reference document such as a calendar, application form, etc., rather than a policy. Such statements are printed on green paper.
DATES:
Where possible, the original date of adoption/issuance appears immediately following each policy or regulation. In other instances, an approximate adoption or re-approval date is used.
LEGAL REFERENCE:
Pertinent legal references are given to inform the reader where in state law s/he may find the statutes that relate to a specific policy. Unless otherwise noted, all references direct the reader to the General Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (cited as M.G.L., Chapter and section).
CONTRACT REFERENCE:
Agreements reached through negotiations with recognized staff organizations have the full force of committee policy. References to negotiated agreements are provided, as appropriate, to direct the reader to statements in these agreements.
CROSS REFERENCE:
Certain policies and regulations relate to others. Cross-references are provided following many statements to help the reader find all of the related information needed.
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About Policies and Regulations
Generally, the role of a School Committee is to set policy and the role of the administration is to implement it through regulations. Written policies are the chief means by which a School Committee governs the schools, and regulations are one of the means by which the committee's policies are implemented. The following definitions provide a distinction between these two types of statements:
POLICIES are principles adopted by the School Committee to chart a course of action. They are broad enough to indicate a line of action to be taken by the administration in meeting a number of day-to-day problems while being narrow enough to give the administration clear guidance.
REGULATIONS are detailed directions usually developed by the administration to put policy into practice.
These definitions are serviceable some of the time. They reflect sound theory of governance and administration. But policies and regulations are obviously closely related. They can and do merge, making it difficult to ascertain where one begins and the other ends. For example:
* State and federal governments require school committees to make or officially approve detailed regulations, and procedures in certain areas.
* A School Committee signs contracts and agreements that may contain and interweave policies, regulations, and procedural detail.
* The public staff, or school committee members may demand that the School Committee itself, not the administration, establish specific regulations and procedures in certain sensitive areas.
It is the intermingling of policy and regulation in law, in contracts, and in adopted statements of the School Committee that can cause confusion. Sometimes they are not easily separated. Therefore, the separation of policies and regulations in this manual follows several "rules of thumb" in addition to basic theory: