The influence of Caribbean leaders to the development of their respective territories in the region
Guyana 1970,
Cheddi Jagan and Linden Burnham formed the MPPP. However conflicts between the two allowed .When Burnham joined the PPP he became the party organizational leader while Jagan devoted himself to activities concerning the parliament. In the 1950 election both Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham lost their races for seats in parliament but Cheddi's wife Janet did win a seat
The British government was concerned about the Marxist stance of the PPP. In 1953 the PPP won but the PPP's rule only lasted from May of 1953 to October of 1953, when the British Government suspended the Guyana constitution and sent troops to occupy the country until 1957.
During this time a schism Burnham was demanding absolute leadership of the party which the Jagan's were unwilling to grant.
Two factions of the PPP emerged behind Burnham and Jagan.
When elections were held in 1957 the Jagan faction of the PPP once again won political control of parliament.
Burnham took his faction out of the PPP and formed the People's National Congress (PNC).
During the period from 1961 to 1964 there was social and political turmoil promoted by, among others, Burnham's PNC. In the 1964 elections Jagan's PPP lost out to Burnham's PNC.
Guyana has progressed from the authoritarian period of one-party dominance through a succession of rigged elections since 1968 to its first free elections in 1992.
Marxism/ Socialism: Cuba, Jamaica 1970’s, Guyana 1970, Grenada
Grenada
democracy/Dictatorship
Eric Matthew Gairy,1st prime minister
Education
St. Mary’s college
Circumstances
Poor working conditions
Achievements
GPP Grenada People's Party 1951 democracy
Grenada Manual and Mental Workers Union in 1950,
1967 dictatorship
Rigging elections1972
Maurice Bishop
Marxism/Socialism/Leninism
Trained as a barrister(lawyer) in London
1979 PM Maurice Bishop ousted Eric Gairy in coup organised by the leftist New Jewel Movement and led by. He proceeds to strengthen ties with Cuba.
In 1983 - Bishop ousted and executed by former left-wing allies led by General Hudson Austin
11 March, 1973, JEWEL merged with Bishop's Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP), an intellectual movement, to become the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In 1973, the NJM formally demanded that Gairy resign. Gairy's reaction was to put down a protest, in blood, on January 21, 1974, dubbed "Bloody Monday," In March of 1979, the military forces of the NJM struck in a coup d'etat. On the 13, Bishop took over the Prime Ministership
Bernard Coard/ /socialism
Communism
He was friends with maurice
Studied sociology and political economy at universities in London and England
Taught at UWI in Trinidad
Deputy Prime Minister, a backed by the Grenadian Army, murdered Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and established military rule.
US invasion
On October 25, U.S. Marines invaded Grenada, where they encountered unexpectedly heavy antiaircraft fire and ground resistance by the Cuban soldiers
Democracy
1984- present
Tillman Thomas –prime minister
and labourers building the controversial airstrip. In two days they subdued the air and ground forces.
Dictatorship: Haiti, Dominican Republic
Haiti -François “Papa doc” Duvalier
Progressive Ideas
Pan Africanism
La Negritude
Black Nationalism
Communism
Vodoo
Education
University of Haiti
University of Michigan
Circumstances
Poverty
Us invasion and occupation
What happened in Haiti
Papa ruled 1964 –1970
Fraudulent elections rigged in favour of the leader for life
No social reforms in health and education
Pro national
Elections-voting for one leader
Unicameral government
Lands taken from citizens and given to the militia
Citizens who critique the government are tortured, murdered or imprisoned
Poverty
Famine
Diseases
Coup attempts
Civil unrest
Baby Doc continues dictatorship (1971-1986)
Democracy 2006 onwards
Republic
Presidential Michel Martelly
Laurent Lamothe
Dominican Republic
Dictatorship
Basic education
Circumstances
US occupation
an officer in the Constabulary Guard, then being organized by the U.S. Marines, who were occupying the Dominican Republic. Emerging from training, he rose rapidly in the new military organization. Soon after Horacio Vázquez was inaugurated as president in 1924, Trujillo was named second-in-command of the Guard. On June 22, 1925, he became its commander in chief.
opponents were jailed, beaten up, and killed, thus assuring Trujillo's victory.
Owned the means of production to benefit himself and his family.
1930-1965
1930 General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina establishes personal dictatorship following the overthrow of President Horacio Vazquez.
1937 - Army massacres 19,000-20,000 Haitians living in areas of the Dominican Republic adjacent to Haiti.
1960 - Organisation of American States adopts resolution calling for severance of diplomatic ties with the Dominican Republic.
1961 - Trujillo assassinated.
1962-1965
Democracy, coup d’etat and US invasion
Return to democracy
1965 to present
Capitalism
Eric Williams believed slavery was a precursor of capitalism. During slavery the British accumulated wealth. After human trade, use of machine coupled with using cheap labour of ex slaves built contributed to the British Industrial Revolution. Thus the capitalist machinery was the sugar plantation and was destroyed by Britain when human trade was no longer financially profitable.
Jamaica_ Garvey’s PPP
History
Two MP’s were elected and won
Garvey was elected in October to the Kingston and St Andrew Council but because of his imprisonment he was prevented from taking the Oath of Office and functioning as a councillor.
Garvey’s appeal was rejected and voted against as advised by Norman the solicitor for the council.
After prison his seat was declared vacant and a by-election was ordered and on nomination day Garvey was returned to the council unopposed.
This was to trigger a series of heated confrontation between Norman Manley and Garvey.as G thought Manlry supp the colonialists.
Garvey himself did not see Jamaica through to self-government and independence. Ironically it was those who were most sceptical of the teachings of Garveyism and Garveyists who negotiated self-government and independence for Jamaica.
After Garvey death his organizations had suffered a might blow and he was greatly missed. For decades Garvey found themselves in the political wilderness some joined JLP and the PNP. Millard Johnson relaunched Garvey’s Peoples Political Party in 1961, 2002.
In a show of disregard the People’s Political Party was excluded from Constitutional talks Norman Manley.. There were three assassination attempts on his life before he migrated to Florida.
The PPP was in opposition to the governing party and denounced their lack of performance leading to sub-standard life for the citizens of Jamaica.
The other two parties had a narrow political agenda compared to the PPP which had both a political and liberation agenda.
Garvey, But now, almost a decade after the successful relaunch, the PPP its gearing up for its second intention, that is to spread the legacy of Garvey by redeveloping inner-city communities and organizing the rural poor into a social movement for political change in Jamaica.