The influence of Caribbean leaders to the development of their respective territories in the region

Guyana 1970,

Cheddi Jagan and Linden Burnham formed the MPPP. However conflicts between the two allowed .When Burnham joined the PPP he became the party organizational leader while Jagan devoted himself to activities concerning the parliament. In the 1950 election both Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham lost their races for seats in parliament but Cheddi's wife Janet did win a seat

The British government was concerned about the Marxist stance of the PPP. In 1953 the PPP won but the PPP's rule only lasted from May of 1953 to October of 1953, when the British Government suspended the Guyana constitution and sent troops to occupy the country until 1957.

During this time a schism Burnham was demanding absolute leadership of the party which the Jagan's were unwilling to grant.

Two factions of the PPP emerged behind Burnham and Jagan.

When elections were held in 1957 the Jagan faction of the PPP once again won political control of parliament.

Burnham took his faction out of the PPP and formed the People's National Congress (PNC).

During the period from 1961 to 1964 there was social and political turmoil promoted by, among others, Burnham's PNC. In the 1964 elections Jagan's PPP lost out to Burnham's PNC.

Guyana has progressed from the authoritarian period of one-party dominance through a succession of rigged elections since 1968 to its first free elections in 1992.

Marxism/ Socialism: Cuba, Jamaica 1970’s, Guyana 1970, Grenada

Grenada

democracy/Dictatorship

Eric Matthew Gairy,1st prime minister

Education

St. Mary’s college

Circumstances

Poor working conditions

Achievements

GPP Grenada People's Party 1951 democracy

Grenada Manual and Mental Workers Union in 1950,

1967 dictatorship

Rigging elections1972

Maurice Bishop

Marxism/Socialism/Leninism

Trained as a barrister(lawyer) in London

1979 PM Maurice Bishop ousted Eric Gairy in coup organised by the leftist New Jewel Movement and led by. He proceeds to strengthen ties with Cuba.

In 1983 - Bishop ousted and executed by former left-wing allies led by General Hudson Austin

11 March, 1973, JEWEL merged with Bishop's Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP), an intellectual movement, to become the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In 1973, the NJM formally demanded that Gairy resign. Gairy's reaction was to put down a protest, in blood, on January 21, 1974, dubbed "Bloody Monday," In March of 1979, the military forces of the NJM struck in a coup d'etat. On the 13, Bishop took over the Prime Ministership

Bernard Coard/ /socialism

Communism

He was friends with maurice

Studied sociology and political economy at universities in London and England

Taught at UWI in Trinidad

Deputy Prime Minister, a backed by the Grenadian Army, murdered Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and established military rule.

US invasion

On October 25, U.S. Marines invaded Grenada, where they encountered unexpectedly heavy antiaircraft fire and ground resistance by the Cuban soldiers

Democracy

1984- present

Tillman Thomas –prime minister

and labourers building the controversial airstrip. In two days they subdued the air and ground forces.

Dictatorship: Haiti, Dominican Republic

Haiti -François “Papa doc” Duvalier

Progressive Ideas

Pan Africanism

La Negritude

Black Nationalism

Communism

Vodoo

Education

University of Haiti

University of Michigan

Circumstances

Poverty

Us invasion and occupation

What happened in Haiti

Papa ruled 1964 –1970

Fraudulent elections rigged in favour of the leader for life

No social reforms in health and education

Pro national

Elections-voting for one leader

Unicameral government

Lands taken from citizens and given to the militia

Citizens who critique the government are tortured, murdered or imprisoned

Poverty

Famine

Diseases

Coup attempts

Civil unrest

Baby Doc continues dictatorship (1971-1986)

Democracy 2006 onwards

Republic

Presidential Michel Martelly

Laurent Lamothe

Dominican Republic

Dictatorship

Basic education

Circumstances

US occupation

an officer in the Constabulary Guard, then being organized by the U.S. Marines, who were occupying the Dominican Republic. Emerging from training, he rose rapidly in the new military organization. Soon after Horacio Vázquez was inaugurated as president in 1924, Trujillo was named second-in-command of the Guard. On June 22, 1925, he became its commander in chief.

opponents were jailed, beaten up, and killed, thus assuring Trujillo's victory.

Owned the means of production to benefit himself and his family.

1930-1965

1930 General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina establishes personal dictatorship following the overthrow of President Horacio Vazquez.

1937 - Army massacres 19,000-20,000 Haitians living in areas of the Dominican Republic adjacent to Haiti.

1960 - Organisation of American States adopts resolution calling for severance of diplomatic ties with the Dominican Republic.

1961 - Trujillo assassinated.

1962-1965

Democracy, coup d’etat and US invasion

Return to democracy

1965 to present

Capitalism

Eric Williams believed slavery was a precursor of capitalism. During slavery the British accumulated wealth. After human trade, use of machine coupled with using cheap labour of ex slaves built contributed to the British Industrial Revolution. Thus the capitalist machinery was the sugar plantation and was destroyed by Britain when human trade was no longer financially profitable.

Jamaica_ Garvey’s PPP

History

Two MP’s were elected and won

Garvey was elected in October to the Kingston and St Andrew Council but because of his imprisonment he was prevented from taking the Oath of Office and functioning as a councillor.

Garvey’s appeal was rejected and voted against as advised by Norman the solicitor for the council.

After prison his seat was declared vacant and a by-election was ordered and on nomination day Garvey was returned to the council unopposed.

This was to trigger a series of heated confrontation between Norman Manley and Garvey.as G thought Manlry supp the colonialists.

Garvey himself did not see Jamaica through to self-government and independence. Ironically it was those who were most sceptical of the teachings of Garveyism and Garveyists who negotiated self-government and independence for Jamaica.

After Garvey death his organizations had suffered a might blow and he was greatly missed. For decades Garvey found themselves in the political wilderness some joined JLP and the PNP. Millard Johnson relaunched Garvey’s Peoples Political Party in 1961, 2002.

In a show of disregard the People’s Political Party was excluded from Constitutional talks Norman Manley.. There were three assassination attempts on his life before he migrated to Florida.

The PPP was in opposition to the governing party and denounced their lack of performance leading to sub-standard life for the citizens of Jamaica.

The other two parties had a narrow political agenda compared to the PPP which had both a political and liberation agenda.

Garvey, But now, almost a decade after the successful relaunch, the PPP its gearing up for its second intention, that is to spread the legacy of Garvey by redeveloping inner-city communities and organizing the rural poor into a social movement for political change in Jamaica.