Molecular Biology Study Guide (Ch. 8)

  1. Draw a concept map using the words: replication, transcription, translation, codon, anticodon, protein synthesis, tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, amino acid, peptide bond, DNA, nucleus, ribosome, protein. (6)
  1. Draw DNA and label the parts (sugar phosphate backbone, nitrogen bases, bonds). (3)
  1. Who discovered the first 3D model of DNA? (1)
  1. What is Chargaff’s rule? (1)
  1. If DNA has 40% T, what is the % of all the other nitrogen bases? (2)
  1. How are purines and pyrimidines different? (1)
  1. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. (At least 4 differences) (4)
  1. What are three parts of a nucleotide? (1)
  1. What are 3 types of RNA? What are their functions? (3)
  1. What kind of bond holds the nitrogen base pairs together? (1)

11. a) What is the purpose of DNA replication? (1)

b) Where does it occur in cells? (1)

c) Describe the steps of DNA replication. (2)

d) What is semi-conservative replication? (1)

12. What is the complimentary DNA sequence for the following: ACGGGTATA? (1)

  1. a) List the steps of transcription. (2)

b)List the steps of translation. (8)

c) Where do they occur in cells? (1)

d) What is the purpose of transcription and translation?(1)

  1. a) If the DNA sequence is GTACCGTAGCGTAAC, what is the mRNA sequence?(1)

b) What is the tRNA sequence? (1)

c) What is the amino acid sequence based on the DNA above? (2)

  1. a) Given the amino acid sequence, Met-Ala-Pro-His-Arg, write the possible mRNA sequence. (1)

b) Write down the possible DNA sequence. (1)

  1. a) How many amino acids are there?(1)

b) What is the name of the bond between two amino acids? (1)

  1. a) What are codons? (1)

b) How are they different from anti-codons? (1)

c) Why are codons three nitrogen bases long? (4)

  1. Define mutagens and give some examples. (1)
  1. a) What is a mutation? (1)

b) How do point mutation and frameshift mutation differ? (1)

c) Which one is more fatal? Why? (1)

  1. Describe four different types of chromosome mutation (4)
  1. How do mutations in DNA affect protein synthesis? How do they affect the physical characteristics of an organism? (2)
  1. ______determines how a protein folds which affects the three-dimensional shape of the protein. (1)
  1. What is cell differentiation? What does contribute to cell differentiation? (2)
  1. a) What does it mean by genes are expressed? (1)

b) Explain how gene expression is regulated by lac operon. (Include terms such as promoter, repressor, RNA polymerase, genes, transcription, translation in your explanation.)(How can genes be turned “on” or turned “off” in bacteria?) (2)