Data Sources by Society for Classification of Male Same Sex Behavior
Abkhaz
Luzbetak, L. J. (1951:169-171). Marriage and the family in Caucasia. New York, NY: Johnson Reprint Corporation.
Ajie
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Aleut
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M., (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Alorese
Du Bois, C. A., Kardiner, A., Oberholzer, E., & others. (1944:70). The people of Alor: A social-psychological study of an east Indian island. Harper.
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:69). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Amhara
Messing, S. D. (1957:550). The highland-plateau Amhara of Ethiopia. Dissertations available from ProQuest. Paper AAI0023619.
Cited in:
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:61). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Andamanese
Cipriani, L. (1961:493). Hygiene and medical practices among the Onge (little Andaman). Anthropos, 481-500.
Cipriani, L., Cox, D. T., & Cole, L. (1966:22). The Andaman islanders. Weidenfeld and Nicolson London.
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:69). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Gregersen, E. (1996). The world of human sexuality: Behaviors, customs, and beliefs. Ardent Media.
Aranda
Strehlow, C. (1913:38). Das sociale Leben der Aranda-und Loritja-Stämme. Frankfurt: Baer.Cited in: Murray, S. O. (2000:26). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Ashanti
Cardoso, F. L. & Werner, D. (2003). Homosexuality. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 204-215). Springer Science & Business Media.
Aweikoma (Kaingang)
Henry, J. (1964:18). Jungle people: A Kaingáng tribe of the highlands of Brazil. New York: Vintage Books.
Aymara
Mitchell, W. (2003). Aymara. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 274-282). Springer Science & Business Media.
Azande
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1970:1430). Sexual inversion among the Azande. American Anthropologist, 72(6), 1428-1434. Cited in:
Murray, S. O. (2000:161). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1971:183). The Azande: History and political institutions. Clarendon Press Oxford. Cited in:
Murray, S. O. (2000:161). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Aztec
Kimball, G. (1993). Aztec homosexuality: The textual evidence. Journal of Homosexuality, 26(1), 7-24.
Badjau
Murray, S. O. (2002:139). Pacific homosexualities. Universe.
Nimmo, H. (1978:94). The relativity of sexual deviance: A Sulu example. U. of Oklahoma Press.
Balinese
Parker, L. (2003). Balinese. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 303-313). Springer Science & Business Media.
Basques
del Valle, T., & Begiristain, J. A. (1985:212). Mujer vasca: Imagen y realidad. Anthropos.
Dynes, W. R. (1992:199). History of homosexuality in Europe and America (Vol. 5). Taylor & Francis.
Bellacoola
Callender, C., Kochems (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Bororo
Baldus, H., & Lillios, I. (1937:30). Social Position of The Woman Among The Eastern Bororo. Ensaios De Etnologia Brasileira, By Herbert Baldus. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Companhia Editora Nacional.
Burmese
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Burusho
Tobe, J. H. (1960:465-466). Hunza: Adventures in a land of paradise. St. Catharines, Ont.: Provoker Press.
Cayapa
Altschuler, M. (1971). Cayapa personality and sexual motivation. Human Sexual Behavior, 38-58.
Chinese
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:92,439-441). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Hinsch, B. (1990). Passions of the cut sleeve: The male homosexual tradition in china. University of California Press.
Chiricahua
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Chukchee
Cardoso, F. L. & Werner, D. (2003). Homosexuality. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 204-215). Springer Science & Business Media.
Bogoras, W. (1950). Materials for study of the Chukchee language and folklore: Collected in the Kolyma district. TL Bolt. Cited in:
Murray, S. O. (2000:314). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Comanche
Linton, R. (1945:84). The Comanche. In A. Kardiner (Ed.), The psychological frontiers of society (pp. 47-99).
Creek
Katz, J. (1976). Gay American history: Lesbians and gay men in the USA: A documentary history. Plume. Cited in:
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:86). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Le Moyne, J. (1875). Narrative of le moyne, an artist who accompanied the French expedition to Florida under laudonniere, 1564. Translated From the Latin of De Bry. Boston. Cited in:
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:86). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Swanton, J. R. (1922). Early history of the creek Indians and their neighbors (Vol. 73). Government Printing Office. Cited in:
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:86). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Swanton, J. R. (1924:697). Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: Aboriginal culture of the southeast (Vol. 42). US Government Printing Office.
Crow
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M., (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Denig, E. T. (1961:187). Five Indian tribes of the upper Missouri: Sioux, Arickaras, Assiniboines, Crees, Crows (Vol. 59). University of Oklahoma Press.
Cubeo (Tucano)
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Goldman, I. (1963:181). The Cubeo Indians of the Northwest Amazon. University of Illinois Press.
Greenberg, D. F. (1990:68). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Jackson, J. E. (1983:189). The fish people: Linguistic exogamy and Tukanoan identity in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge University Press.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1971:19). Amazonian cosmos: The sexual and religious symbolism of the Tukano Indians. University of Chicago Press Chicago.
Cuna (Tule)
Tice, K. E. (1995:74, 152). Kuna crafts, gender, and the global economy. University of Texas Press.
Howe, J. (2003). Balinese. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 581-591). Springer Science & Business Media.
Egyptians
Ammar, H. (1998:192). Growing up in an Egyptian village: Silwa, province of Aswan (Vol. 4). Taylor & Francis.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Klunzinger, C. B. (1878:190). Upper Egypt: Its people and its products. AMS PressInc.
Murray, S. O. (2000:43, 189-190). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Eyak
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Fon
Herskovits, M. (1938:289). Dahomey: An ancient west African kingdom. (2 vols.). Cited in:
Murray, S. O. (2000:250-253, 364-365). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Garo
Sinha, T. (1966:97). The psyche of the Garos. Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India.
Gheg Albanians
Hahn, Johann Georg von. (1853), Albanesische Studien. Jena: Mauke.Cited in:
Murray, S. O. (2000:60-62). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Gilbertese
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Gilyak (Nivkh)
Black, L. (1973:66). The Nivkh (Gilyak) of Sakhalin and the lower Amur. Arctic Anthropology, 1-110.
Shternberg, L. I. A. K. (1999). The social organization of the Gilyak (Vol. 82). American Museum of Natural History.
Goajiro
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Gond
Elwin, V. (1947:447, 656). The Muria and their ghotul. In Oxford university press.
Fuchs, S. (1960). The Gond and Bhumia of Eastern Mandla. Bombay, NY: Asia Pub. House.
Gros Ventre
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Hadza
Marlowe, F. (2003). Hadza. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 425-432). Springer Science & Business Media.
Haitians
Herskovits, M. J. (1937:117). Life in Haitian valley. Anchor Books.
Simpson, G. E. (1942). SEXUAL AND FAMILIAL INSTITUTIONS IN NORTHERN HAITI*. American Anthropologist, 44(4), 655-674.
Hausa
Besmer, Fremont E. 1983. Horses, Musicians & Gods: The Hausa Cult of Possession-Trance. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey Publishers.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Smith, M. F. (1954:64). Baba of karo, a woman of the Muslim Hausa. Yale University Press.
Havasupai
Broude, G. J., & Greene, S. J. (1976). Cross-cultural codes on twenty sexual attitudes and practices. Ethnology, 15(4), 409-429.
Whitam, F. L., & Mathy, R. M. (1986). Male homosexuality in four societies: Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines, and the United States. New York: Praeger
Hebrews
Broude, G. J., & Greene, S. J. (1976). Cross-cultural codes on twenty sexual attitudes and practices. Ethnology, 15(4), 409-429.
Hidatsa
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Huichol
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Jurgenson, J. L. (1997). Mexico. In D. J. West & R. Green (Eds.), Sociolegal control of homosexuality (pp. 87-96). Springer.
Lumsden, I. (1991). Homosexuality, society and the state in Mexico. Canadian Gay Archives.
Zingg, R. M., Pfeiffer, H., & Pfeiffer, M. H. (1937:111, 141). The Huichols: Primitive artists. GE Stechert.
Iban
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Haddon, A. C., & Start, L. E. (1936). Iban or sea Dayak fabrics and their patterns. University Press. Cited in: Murray, S. O. (2000:331). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Van der Kroef, J. M. (1954). Transvestism and the religious hermaphrodite in Indonesia. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, 3, 257-265. Cited in:Murray, S. O. (2000:331). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Ibo (Igbo)
Smith, D. J. (2003). Igbo. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 508-516). Springer Science & Business Media.
Ottenberg, Simon. 1989. Boyhood Rituals In An African Society: An Interpretation. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Ifugao
Kwiatkowski, L. M. (2003). Ifugao. In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. (pp. 498-507). Springer Science & Business Media.
Inca
Murra, J. V. (1980:154). The economic organization of the Inka state (Vol. 1). Jai Press Greenwich, CT.
Ingalik
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Irish
Arensberg, C. M., & Kimball, S. T. (1940). Family and community in Ireland. In Harvard University Press.
Messenger, J. C. (1971). Sex and repression in an Irish folk community. Human Sexual Behavior: Variations in the Ethnographic Spectrum, 3-37.
Isthmus Zapotec
Chiñas, B. (1973). The Isthmus Zapotecs: Women's roles in cultural context. Holt, Rinehart and Winston New York.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Japanese
Cardoso, F. L., & Werner, D W. (2004). Homosexuality. InEncyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. Carol Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. P. 204-215. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files
Ihara, S. (1972). Comrade loves of the Samurai. Rutland, VT: Tuttle.
Leupp, G. P. (1994). Male colors: The construction of homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Murray, S. O. (2000:70). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Pinkerton, S. D., & Abramson, P. R. (1997:67). Japan. In D. J. West & R. Green (Eds.), Sociolegal control of homosexuality (pp. 67:85). Springer.
Javanese
Beatty, A. (2002:485). Changing places: Relatives and relativism in java. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 8(3), 469-491.
Geertz, C. (1976:291, 295). The religion of java. University of Chicago Press.
Koentjaraningrat. (1985:231). Javanese culture. Issued under the auspices of the Southeast Asian Studies Program, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies [by] Oxford University Press.
Jivaro
Tessmann, G. (1930:361). The Indians of northeastern Peru. Hamburg: Friedrichsen, de Gruyter & Co.
Kaska
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Kazak
Werner, C. (2004). Kazakhs. InEncyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. Carol Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. P. 572-580. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files
Khalka Mongols
Maiskii, I. (1921:73). Contemporary Mongolia. Irkutskoe Otdelenie: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo.
Kikuyu (Gikuyu)
Kenyatta, J. (1953). Facing Mount Kenya: The traditional life of the Gikuyu. London: Secker and Warburg.
Kimam
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Klamath
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Konso
Hallpike, C. R. (1972:150-151). The Konso of Ethiopia. In A study of the values of Cushitic people. Cambridge University Press.Cited in: Greenberg, D. F. (1990:61). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Koreans
Kim, Y. -G., & Hahn, S. -J. (2006). Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea. In Culture, health & sexuality (Vol. 8, pp. 59-65). Taylor & Francis.
Kung Bushmen
Shostak, M. (1981:113-115). Nisa: The life and words of a !Kung woman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kurds
Hansen, H. H. (1961:176). The Kurdish woman's life: Field research in a Muslim society, Iraq (Vol. 7). Nationalmuseet.
Murray, S. O. (2000:54). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Masters, W. M. (1954:80, 263). Rowanduz: A Kurdish administrative and mercantile center. University Microfilms.
Kutenai
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Kwoma
Whiting, J. W. M. (1941:50-51). Becoming a Kwoma: Teaching and learning in a new guinea tribe. Cited in: Greenberg, D. F. (1990:67). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Lango
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Lepcha
Gorer, G. (1967:102, 120). Himalayan village: An account of the Lepchas of Sikkim. Basic Books New York.
Morris, J. (1938:191). Living with Lepchas: A book about the Sikkim Himalayas. W. Heinemann Limited.
Mae Enga
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Manchu
Edwards, W. (n.d.). Homosexuality and communist china: Cultural legacy and reform in China. Thesis. Published by The Kinsey Institute, University of Indiana.
Manus
Mead, M. (1930:165, 193, 198). Growing up in new guinea. Morrow & company. New York.Cited in: Greenberg, D. F. (1990:67). The construction of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Maori
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Mapuche
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Marquesans
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Marshallese (Majuro)
Erdland, A. (1914:107). The Marshall islanders; life and customs, thought and religion of a south seas people. Anthropos Bibliothek Ethnological Monographs.
Dvorak, G. (2014) “Two Sea Turtles: Intimacy between Men in the Marshall Islands” in Besnier, N., & Alexeyeff, K. (Eds.), Gender on the edge: Transgender, gay, and other Pacific Islanders. Hong Kong University Press.
Masai
Talle, A. (2004). Maasai. InEncyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures. Carol Ember and Melvin Ember, eds. P. 608-618. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files
Mbau Fijians
Bullough, V. L. (1976). Sexual variance in society and history. John Wiley & Sons.
Presterudstuen, G.-H. (2014). Men trapped in women's clothing: homosexuality, cross-dressing, and masculinity in Fiji Gender on the Edge: Transgender, Gay, and Other Pacific Islanders (pp. 162).
Mbundu
Broude, G. J., & Greene, S. J. (1976). Cross-cultural codes on twenty sexual attitudes and practices. Ethnology, 15(4), 409-429.
Mbuti
Turnbull, C. M. (1976:121). Wayward servants: The two worlds of the African pygmies. Greenwood Pub Group.
Turnbull, C. M. (1983:56). The Mbuti pygmies: Change and adaptation. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Micmac
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Mundurucu
Blackwood, E. (2013). The many faces of homosexuality: Anthropological approaches to homosexual behavior. Routledge.
Murngin
Minturn, L., Grosse, M., & Haider, S. (1969). Cultural patterning of sexual beliefs and behavior. Ethnology, 8(3), 301-318.
Nama Hottentot
Schapera, I. (1930:242, 322). Culture of the Hottentots. In I. Schapera (Ed.), (Vol. The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa; Bushmen and Hottentots, pp. 221-418). London: Routledge.
Nambicuara
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1948:86, 95). Family and social life of the Nambikwara Indians. Soc. des Américanistes.
Levi-Strauss, C. (1948:366). The Nambicuara. US Government Printing Office.
Strauss, C. L. (1943:400). The social use of kinship terms among Brazilian Indians. American Anthropologist, 45(3), 398-409.
Price, D. (1981:698-699). Nambiquara leadership. American Ethnologist, 686-708.
Natchez
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Navaho
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M, S. E. (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Negri Sembilan
Peletz, M. G. (1996:123-124, 128-131). Reason and passion: Representations of gender in a Malay society. University of California Press.
New Ireland (Lesu)
Powdermaker, H. (1933). Life in Lesu. In WW Norton & Co.
Nkundo Mongo
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Hulstaert, G. (1938). Le marriage des Nkundo. Brussels: Librairie Falk.Cited in: Murray, S. O. (2000:197-198). Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press.
Nyakyusa
Blackwood, E. (2013). The many faces of homosexuality: Anthropological approaches to homosexual behavior. Routledge.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Wilson, G. (1936:273). An introduction to Nyakyusa society. Bantu Studies, 10(1), 253-291.
Wilson, M. H. (1959:197). Communal rituals of the Nyakyusa. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford University Press.
Omaha
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Orokaiva
Herdt, G. H. (1993). Ritualized homosexuality in Melanesia. University of California Press.
Otoro Nuba
Nadel, S. F. (1947). The Nuba: An anthropological study of the hill tribes in Kordofan. AMS PressInc.
Paiute (Northern)
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Papago
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Mondimore, F. M. (2010). A natural history of homosexuality. JHU Press.
Pawnee
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M., (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 443-470.
Crapo, R. H. (1995). Factors in the cross-cultural patterning of male homosexuality: A reappraisal of the literature. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(2), 178.
Dorsey, G. A., Murie, J. R., & Spoehr, A. (1940). Notes on Skidi Pawnee society. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Series, 67-119.
Weltfish, G. (1965:29). The lost universe: With a closing chapter on the universe regained (Vol. 121). New York, Basic Books.
Pentecost (Vanautu)
Jowitt, A. (2005). Reconstructing custom: the politics of homophobia in Vanuatu. Alternative Law Journal, 30, 10.
Pomo (Eastern)
Callender, C., Kochems, L. M., Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, G., Broch, H. B., Brown, J. K., Datan, N., . . . Jacobs, S. E. (1983). The North American berdache [and comments and reply]. Curren Anthropology, 443-470.