BIO 104 Heart homework revised s08

NAME ______Use this sheet for answers WRITE NEATLY

1. Fill-in in the spaces provided

The heart is cone-shaped and located within the (1) cavity. The apex (1) ______

of the heart rests on the (2). The (3, 4, 5) vessels empty blood into the (2) ______

right atrium. The pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries carry (3) ______

blood to the (6). The four pulmonary veins empty into the (7) chamber. (4) ______

The (8) chambers can be thought of as receiving chambers and (5) ______

the (9) as sending chambers. The branches off the ascending aorta which (6) ______

supply the muscles of the heart are the (10) arteries. The (11) trunk is the first (7) ______

branch off the arch of the aorta. The function of the pericardial fluid (8) ______

is to decrease (12) during heart activity. The myocardium of the heart (9) ______

is composed of (13) tissue. (10) ______

(11) ______(12) ______(13) ______

2. Fill in the spaces provided.

Contraction of ventricles is called (1) and relaxation called (2). (1)______

The first heart sound (lub) occurs due to closure of the (3) valves (2) ______

and the closure of the (4) valves is the second sound (dup). (3) ______

When the atria contract the (5) valves are open and (6) valves closed.(4) ______

When the ventricles contract the (7) valves are open and (8) closed. (5) ______

Abnormal heart sounds, or (9), may indicate valve problems. (6) ______

(7) ______(8) ______(9) ______

3. Fill in blood flow through the heart:

The superior vena cava, ______, and ______carry deoxygenated blood to the ______chamber of the heart. Blood then flows through the ______valve to the ______(chamber). When this chamber contracts, blood flows through the ______valve to the pulmonary ______(vessel) and pulmonary arteries to the lungs. Blood becomes oxygenated at the lungs. From the lungs, blood flows through the 4 ______(vessels) to the ______(chamber). This massive chamber contracts and sends oxygenated blood through the ______valve to the aorta and its branches.

4. Where (be specific) are the following structures located?

Tricuspid valve ______

Aortic valve ______

Left ventricle______

Bicuspid valve ______

Papillary muscle______

Fibrous pericardium ______

SA node ______

Interatrial septum______

Coronary sinus______

Endocardium ______

5. Oxygenated (O) or deoxygenated (D) blood ?

_____ pulmonary arteries _____ coronary arteries _____ right side of the heart

_____ left ventricle _____ cardiac veins _____ superior vena cava

_____ aorta _____pulmonary veins _____ bicuspid valve

Arteries USUALLY carry oxygenated blood. List 1 that is an exception ______

Veins USUALLY carry deoxygenated blood. List 1 that is an exception ______

6. Match

______heart rate X stroke volume A. preload

______expressed in beats per minute B. heart rate

______ml blood in ventricles after atrial systole C. systole

______expressed in ml/minute D. cardiac output

______contraction pumps blood out of chamber E. end systolic volume (ESV)

______50 ml blood left in ventricle F. stroke volume

______relaxation of a heart chamber G. end diastolic volume (EDV)

______percent of EDV that is stroke volume H. ejection fraction

______stretching of ventricles during diastole I. diastole

7. What do the following stand for:

a. CO______

b. SV ______

c. EDV ______

d. ESV ______

e. HR ______

Which 3 of the above are expressed in units of milliliters? ______

Which 1 of the above is expressed in units of milliliters per minute? ______

Which 1 of the above can also be expressed as an ejection fraction? ______

Which 1 of the above is expressed in beats per minute? ______

8. If the normal cardiac output is 5250 ml/min and the stroke volume is lowered to 50 ml/beat, how much of an increase in heart rate is required to maintain the CO?

9. Which term does not belong in each of the following.

  1. AV valves closed AV valves open Ventricular systole Semilunar valves open
  1. Bicuspid valve Mitral valve Left AV valve Right AV valve

3.  Foramen ovale Interatrial septum Interventricular septum Fossa ovalis

  1. Electrical activity of the ventricles QRS wave P wave AV node
  1. Right side of heart Left side of heart Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk

6. Chordae tendinae Pulmonary valve Papillary muscles AV valve

7. Ventricular systole AV valves open Blood flow through aorta SL valves open

10. Starling's Law of the Heart states that the more the muscle cells in the ventricles are stretched, the greater force of the contraction. How does the rate of venous blood return affect ventricular systole and stroke volume

11. Will the following increase, or decrease, cardiac output?

a. caffeine e. greater pre-load i. decrease in ESV

b. digitalis f. exercise j. nicotine

c. parasympathetic impulse g. greater ESV k. greater venous return to RA

d. beta blocker drugs h. epinephrine