WORDFORMATION (Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs)

WORDFORMATION (Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs)

Using your dictionaries or the internet, try to find out what the two following terms mean:

· prefix =

· suffix =

- in English, the words are formed by prefixes as well as suffixes

Forming NOUNS:

- here are some suffixes by which English forms NOUNS;

-ance / -ence / -cy / -ness / -ity / -th / -ation
-ion / -ing / -ism / -ship / -ment / -dom / -hood

- we put these suffixes after verbs, adjectives or other nouns

Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Pavlína Horáčková.
Dostupné zMetodického portálu www.rvp.cz, ISSN:1802-4785, financovaného zESF astátního rozpočtuČR. Provozováno Výzkumným ústavem pedagogickým vPraze.

assist > assistANCE

arrogant > arrogANCE

clear > clearANCE

different > differENCE

violent > violENCE

silent > silENCE

accurate > accuraCY

elegant > eleganCY

intimate > intimaCY

aware > awareNESS

blind > blindNESS

weak > weakNESS

absurd > absurdITY

authentic > authenticITY

creative > creativITY

true > truTH

wide > widTH

deep > depTH

combine > combinATION

organise > organisATION

explain > explanATION

collect > collectION

operate > operatION

protect > protectION

form > formING

love > lovING

depart > departING

anarchy > anarchISM

hero > heroISM

real > realISM

citizen > citizenSHIP

kin > kinSHIP

friend > friendSHIP

replace > replaceMENT

retire > retireMENT

govern > governMENT

martyr > martyrDOM

king > kingDOM

earl > earlDOM

boy > boyHOOD

adult > adultHOOD

girl > girlHOOD

1. Look at the suffixes above and try to add at least 2 other words formed by the same suffix to each group.

2. Form NOUN from the following words:

a) independent

b) elegant

c) confident

d) wide

e) dead

f) ill

g) superior

h) delicate

i) innocent

j) significant

k) bitter

l) man

m) fellow

n) sensitive

o) partner

p) impressionalist

3. Write down the correct form of the given word:

a) He does not like the ______where he lives. NEIGHBOUR

b) I have read Dickens – but only in ______. TRANSLATE

c) Do you have any ______for playing tennis? EQUIP

d) We had an interesting ______about peace and war. DISCUSS

e) Does she need any ______? I could help her. ASSIST

f) His ______is very unpleasant. What do you think? APPEAR

g) What is the ______of the lake? DEEP

h) Here are the ______for your job. REQUIRE

FormingANIMATE NOUNS (people, professions...):

4. Look at the suffixes below and write 10 nouns into each column: e.g. employer

-er / -or / -ee / -ant

5. Fill in the correct suffix (-or, -er, -ee, -ant), there can be more than one option correct:

a) believe

b) conduct

c) develop

d) pay

e) examine

f) inform

g) run

h) occupy

i) instruct

j) lecture

Forming ADJECTIVES:

- here are some of the English suffixes that form ADJECTIVES:

-ary / -ful / -ish / -less / -ic / -al / -ly / -ous / -able / -ive

6. Form an adjective, sometimes there can be more options:

a) thank ______

b) planet ______

c) devil ______

d) power ______

e) comic ______

f) hero ______

g) glamour ______

h) heart ______

i) easy ______

j) exact ______

k) linguist ______

l) impress ______

m) adventure ______

n) use ______

o) desire ______

p) protect ______

7. Write down the correct form of an adjective:

a) He has always been very...... to us. FRIEND

b) I love her clothes. It is so...... FASHION

c) Why do you have to be such a...... woman? SUSPICION

d) I was afraid of the injection but it was pretty...... PAIN

e) The new sofa is quite...... , don’t you think? COMFORT

f) She keeps telling me that her new boyfriend is very...... ATTRACT

g) He is not mature at all. His behaviour is incredibly...... CHILD

h) I don’t know what to think. He seems to be...... CHARACTER

i) That place is...... You should visit it. LEGEND

j) Unfortunately, I wasn’t...... I failed. SUCCESS

k) You attend the...... school, don’t you? SECOND

8. There are 10 suffixes mentioned above. Form 10 adjectives (one for each suffix) and put them into your own sentences:

......

9. Match the adjectives with the correct suffix:

break

home

geography

blue

wash

voice

grammar

fool

-ish

-ical

-less

-able

Forming VERBS:

10. Look at the following VERBS and write down the suffixes that are typical for them:

activate, visualize, identify, apologise, sweeten, dramatize/dramatise

11. Go back to exercise no. 10 and write at least 2 more verbs into each cathegory.

12. Correct the mistakes:

a) We have to lightenate the room somehow. It is really dark. ______

b) They are going to criticate it publicly. ______

c) Did you advertify your advertisement yesterday? ______

d) People even try to domesticize wild animals. ______

e) I have to revize for tomorrow’s test. ______

Forming NEGATIVES:

13. English has special prefixes to form negative counterparts to positive words. Can you think of any of them? Write them down. The following words can help you:

relevant ______

legal ______

correct ______

possible ______

like ______

activate ______

usual ______

14. Use the negative prefixes (dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, un-) with the words below:

a) ____conscious

b) ____literate

c) ____probable

d) ____familiar

e) ____obey

f) ____lucky

g) ____patient

h) ____moral

i) ____resistable

j) ____real

k) ____legible

l) ____mature

m) ____natural

n) ____regard

o) ____tidy

15. Work in groups and add to the following words (stems) as many of the mentioned suffixes as possible to form different parts of speech:

a) terror- ______

b) act- ______

c) faith- ______

d) use- ______

WORDFORMATION (RESULTS)

· prefix = předpona

· suffix = přípona

Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Pavlína Horáčková.
Dostupné zMetodického portálu www.rvp.cz, ISSN:1802-4785, financovaného zESF astátního rozpočtuČR. Provozováno Výzkumným ústavem pedagogickým vPraze.

1. Look at the suffixes above and try to add at least 2 other words formed by the same suffix to each group.

- attendance, acquaintance, resistance, alliance, reliance, assurance, significance, elegance...

- obedience, confidence, patience, conscience, presence, providence, competence, prudence...

- bankrupcy, secrecy, expectancy, accuracy, illiteracy, fluency, privacy, frequency, proficiency...

- carelessness, consciousness, madness, illness, sadness, kindness, selfishness, weakness...

- originality, superiority, popularity, productivity, equality, probability, possibility, humanity...

- length, youth, warmth, filth, strength, death, breath...

- education, combination, realisation, personification, occupation, observation, neutralization...

- translation, discussion, application, expansion, resolution, reaction, addition, audition, action...

- writing, singing, reading, pretending, earning, breaking, shifting, lifting, shaking, swimming...

- terrorism, patriotism, communism, industrialism, capitalism, impressionism, journalism...

- kingship, gunship, companionship, horsemanship, membership, spaceship, warship, ownership...

- development, achievement, commitment, assignment, arrangement, argument, attachment...

- boydom, princedom, stardom, professordom, dukedom, fooldom, chiefdom...

- motherhood, parenthood, wifehood, womanhood, manhood, fatherhood, widowerhood...

2. Form NOUN from the following words:

Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Pavlína Horáčková.
Dostupné zMetodického portálu www.rvp.cz, ISSN:1802-4785, financovaného zESF astátního rozpočtuČR. Provozováno Výzkumným ústavem pedagogickým vPraze.

a) independence

b) elegance

c) confidence

d) width

e) death

f) illness

g) superiority

h) delicacy

i) innocence

j) significance

k) bitterness

l) manhood

m) fellowship

n) sensitivity

o) partnership

p) impressionalism

3. Write down the correct form of the given word:

a) neighbourhood

b) translation

c) equipment

d) discussion

e) assistance

f) appearance

g) depth

h) requirements

4. Look at the suffixes below and write 6 nouns into each column: e.g. employer

winner

cleaner

painter

driver

composer

commander

presenter

publisher

farmer

player...

inspector

director

actor

survivor

educator

connector

advisor

creator

sailor

editor...

employee

divorcee

addressee

detainee

trustee

absentee

interviewee

nominee

examinee

trainee...

applicant

protestant

consultant

correspondant

assistant

attendant

inhabitant

occupant

emigrrant

descendant...

5. Fill in the correct suffix (-or, -er, -ee, -ant):

a) believer

b) conductor

c) developer

d) payee

e) examinee, examiner

f) informant, informer

g) runner

h) occupant

i) instructor

j) lecturer

6. Form an adjective:

a) thankful

b) planetary

c) devilish

d) powerless, powerful

e) comical

f) heroic, heroical

g) glamorous

h) heartless

i) easily

j) exactly

k) linguistic

l) impressive

m) adventurous

n) useful, useless

o) desirable

p) protective

7. Write down the correct form of an adjective:

a) friendly

b) fashionable

c) suspicious

d) painless

e) comfortable

f) attractive

g) childish

h) characterless

i) legendary

j) successful

k) secondary

8. Individual answers.

9. Match the adjectives with the correct suffix:

breakable, washable

geographical, grammatical

homeless, voiceless

bluish, foolish

10. Look at the following VERBS and write down the suffixes that are typical for them:

-ate, -ize, -fy, -ise, -en

11. Go back to exercise no. 10 and write at least 2 more verbs into each cathegory.

domesticate

captivate

regulate

generate...

analyze (-yse)

modernize (-ise)

moralize (-ise)

neutralize (-ise)...

terrify

intensify

notify

falsify...

blacken

widen

sharpen

darken...

- Tell the students that –ise is usually an alternative spelling of -ize in BrE. Of course, there are verbs that are always spelled only with –ise (when the suffix is added to a part of a word which is not actually a word, e.g. comprise, arise, devise, revise...[1]
Correct the mistakes:

a) lighten

b) criticize, criticise

c) advertise

d) domesticate

e) revise

12. English has special prefixes to form negative counterparts to positive words. Can you think of any of them? Write them down. The following words can help you:

ir-, il-, in-, im-, dis-, de-, un-

13. Use the negative prefixes (dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, un-) with the words below: