Do Not Mark on This Test! It Is Part of a Class Set!

***DO NOT MARK ON THIS TEST! IT IS PART OF A CLASS SET!***

Quotation Identification: Match each of the following quotations with the correct author and work from the box below. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Through the Dark Continent (excerpt)—Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Travels in West Africa (excerpts)—Mary Kingsley
Over the Edge: Death in the Grand Canyon (excerpts)— Ghiglieri & Myers

d. The Demon in the Freezer—Richard Preston

Our shriveling wilderness not only contains, and is vital to the survival of uncounted endangered species, wilderness itself is an endangered environment. Many of us insist that not only do we have a moral obligation to preserve such species, such habitats, and such ecosystems, we also are guilty of committing murder if we do not. Therefore, sanitizing and “human-proofing” the wilderness is not only illegal, impractical, and ultimately impossible, morally it is unconscionable ecocide.

Meanwhile, we are sliding smoothly to our destruction, and a decision must therefore be arrived at instantly. God knows, I and my fellows would rather have it not to do, because possibly it is only a choice of deaths, by cruel knives or drowning. If we do not choose the knives, which are already sharpened for our throats, death by drowning is certain. So finding ourselves face to face with the inevitable, we turn to the right bank upon the savages, who are in woods and on the water.We drop our anchors and begin the fight.

Fortunately for the reader it is impossible for me to give in full detail the proceedings of the Court. I do not think if the whole of Mr. Pitman’s school of shorthand had been there to take them down the thing could possibly have been done in word-writing. If the late Richard Wagner, however, had been present he could have scored the performance for a full orchestra; and with all its weird grunts and roars, and pistol-like finger clicks, and its elongated words and thigh slaps, it would have been a masterpiece.

Through the Dark Continent (excerpt)—Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Travels in West Africa (excerpts)—Mary Kingsley
Over the Edge: Death in the Grand Canyon (excerpts)— Ghiglieri & Myers

d. The Demon in the Freezer—Richard Preston

Matching: Match the strategies and characteristics listed below with the correct text from the box above. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. No answer will have more than one answer.

The authors(s) worked as a foreign correspondent for an American newspaper A
The author(s) remains largely objective until the end, where the author’s(authors’) feelings and thoughts become more apparent D
Its purpose is partly to prevent the accidental deaths of its audience C
Its tone is generally lighthearted and cheerful B
Tends to present situations in terms of either/or options A

Multiple Choice: Choose the best of the answer options provided for each question. Make sure you read all the options before making your final decision. Unless you are specifically told to mark all that apply, you should choose only one answer for each question.

Use the passage below to answer the following questions:

Geisbert turned a knob and zoomed in. An anthrax spore is five times larger than a smallpox particle. He was looking for bricks of pox, so he was looking for little objects, searching spore by spore. The task of finding a few particles of smallpox mixed into a million anthrax spores was like walking over a mile of stony gravel looking for a few diamonds in the rough. He saw no bricks of pox. But he noticed some sort of goop clinging to the spores. It made the spores look like fried eggs—the spores were the yolks, and the goop was the white. It was a kind of splatty stuff.

Geisbert twisted a knob, and turned up the power on the beam to get a crisper image. As he did, he saw the goop begin to spread out of the spores. Those spores were sweating something.

Preston’s use of the phrases “some sort of goop,” “splatty stuff,” and “sweating something,” is likely to have the effect of

a. lessening his credibility because he sounds like he doesn’t know what he is talking about / d. encouraging the reader to question Geisbert’s credentials, since he seems like he doesn’t know what
b. making him more trustworthy to the reader, since he is able to speak to them on their own level, without using technical jargon
c. creating a pleasing, comforting sound because of all the “s” alliteration / he is doing
e. frightening the reader because this suggests that even an expert like Geisbert does not know what exactly he is looking at

Taken together, all of the similes in this passage

a. are intended to gross out the reader
b. are an extension of the earlier pattern of / d. are intended to create in fear in the reader as he realizes that smallpox can hide anywhere, undetected
attaching monetary value to the virus
c. are all related to the food description pattern / e. help the reader better understand both the tedious nature of the inspection and the visual appearance of the sample

Multiple phrases or clauses are repeated in the two paragraphs above. This repetition

a. highlights the methodical nature of the examination / c. builds suspense and fear as it delays the discovery of what exactly is in the anthrax
b. emphasizes how bored Geisbert is with such menial, mindless work, which is such a contrast to the exciting monkey experiments he cannot participate in / d. all of the above
e. A and C only
ab. A and B only
cb. B and C only

In The Demon in the Freezer, Preston writes mostly in past tense, but tends to switch to present when he is introducing the scientists. For example, in the opening chapter he writes, “The chief medical examiner of Palm Beach County, Dr. Lisa Flannagan, was going to do the primary incisions, while Zaki and his people would do the organ exams. Flannagan is a slender, self-assured woman, with a reputation as a top-notch examiner.” The most likely reason for Preston to switch tenses in such instances is

a. because he is a sloppy writer
b. because he is trying to make the events more immediate and real for the / c. because he is talking about past events, but the people he discusses are real, and some of them still alive
d. because he is trying to draw a distinction between the work
audience / the scientists do and the people they really are

Which of the following does NOT help us determine Preston’s audience?

a. Preston’s use of similes and metaphors / d. Preston’s diction
b. Preston’s frequent use of hyperbole
c. The inclusion of a glossary in the back of the book / e. Preston’s use of graphics

Use the passage below to answer the following questions:

Meanwhile in Washington, the FBI Laboratory was trying to evaluate the anthrax. On the same day that the two Brentwood workers died, a meeting was held at FBI headquarters involving the Laboratory, scientists from the Batelle Memorial Institute, and scientists from the Army. Batelle and the Army people were doing what scientists do best: disagreeing totally with one another. The Army scientists were telling

5 the FBI that the powder was extremely refined and dangerous, while a Batelle scientist named Michael Kuhlman was allegedly saying that the anthrax was ten to fifty times less potent than the Army was claiming. Allyson Simons, the head of the Laboratory, was having trouble sorting through the disagreement, and she was apparently not telling the CDC leadership much about the powder while waiting for more data to come in.

10 One Army official is said to have blown up at Simons and Khulman at the meeting, saying to the Batelle man, "Goddamn it, you stuck your anthrax in an autoclave, and you turned it into hockey pucks." He told Simons that she should "call the CDC and at least tell them there is a disagreement over this anthrax." She apparently did not.

Meanwhile, the Department of Health and Human Services was not getting briefed about the anthrax

15 to its satisfaction by the FBI. An HHS official who was close to the situation but who did not want her name used had this to say about the Batelle analysis of the Daschle anthrax: "It was one of the most screwed-up situations I've ever heard of. The people at Batelle took the anthrax and heated it up in an autoclave, and this caused the material to clump up, and then they told the FBI it looked like puppy food. It was like a used-car dealer offering a car for sale that's been in an accident and is covered with dents,

20 and the dealer is trying to claim this is the way the car looked when it was new."

When I contacted the people at Batelle, their reply was: "I have to say that we cannot comment on anything. We're not commenting, and that's no comment."

The use of the word “not” in lines 8, 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 has the effect of

a. making Preston seem overly critical / d. highlighting how ineffective the CDC is
b. emphasizing how petty the different scientists are
c. emphasizing and criticizing what is not being done / e. emphasizing how little we really know about what is going on in the government

The last paragraph seems like it should read as totally neutral, but because of ______, instead it ______.

a. Preston’s own bias; reads as an admission of guilt
b. Preston’s failure to include the rest of Batelle’s statement; slants the information to make the reader think that Batelle did do something wrong / c. the way Preston has arranged the information in the paragraphs above; seems as if Batelle did something wrong, and is trying to cover it up
d. how Preston has presented Batelle and the FBI in the past; suggests that Batelle is actively working against the CDC and USAMRIID

Lines 3-4 are most closely related to

a. the relationship between the WHO and the CDC / d. Preston’s conversation with Dr. Chen about his mentor in China
b. the relationship between Hensley and Jahrling
c. How Jahrling interacts with his wife / e. the comment Preston makes about the secret NIH meeting at Bethesda, Maryland about the spread of smallpox

This passage helps Preston accomplish his purpose of ______primarily by______.

a. creating fear in the readers; revealing that these specialized agencies who are supposed to deal with bioterrorism seem ill equipped and ill prepared to do so / c. calling the reader to action; suggesting that even they could do a better job of handling the situation than the people who are actually in charge
d. praising the eradicators; putting other scientists in
b. warning the reader about the dangers of bioterrorism; emphasizing how dangerous the anthrax was / a bad light

Of the scientists in The Demon in the Freezer, who is most against trying to infect monkeys with smallpox and why?

a. D.A. Henderson, because he thinks smallpox should be eradicated altogether / d. Dr. Nanhai Chen, because he thinks it is more productive to experiment on mice
b. Lisa Hensley, because she is disturbed by having to kill the monkeys, even when they survive the tests
c. Peter Jahrling, because he thinks anthrax is the real threat that they should be focused on fighting / e. Bill Patrick, because he thinks that the US has no business getting back into experiments with potential biological weapons

What happens during the U.S. attempts to replicate the Jackson-Ramshaw experiment?

a. The IL4 gene is rejected by the virus / d. The results were exactly the same as the Australians’
b. None of the mice die, they just become sterile
c. One of the researchers is infected / e. Some of the mice did survive

The anthrax “trick” turns out to be

a. anthrax laced with smallpox / d. anthrax laced with glass
b. anthrax laced with ebola
c. not real anthrax at all / e. anthrax that had been heated up in the secret Iraqi lab

The scene where Preston visits Alibek and Patrick is parallel to—but in direct contrast with—the scene where he visits _____ because ______.

a. USAMRIID; in the first scene he is frightened and in the second he is comforted b. Steve Hatfill; they were all doing unethical experiments with anthrax / d. Peter Jahrling; Alibek and Patrick argue that it is important to continue experiments with anthrax while Jahrling disagrees
e. D.A. Henderson; he has lunch and malt whisky at both
c. Lisa Hensley; the men seem experienced and callus while she seems inexperienced and empathetic / houses, but Preston is disturbed by the first two men, and sympathetic to D.A.

What would Ghiglieri and Myers say is the individual’s responsibility to nature/the environment?

a. to be careful not to exhaust its resources / c. to “improve” and “safety-proof” it
b. to restrict access to its most dangerous areas so that no one gets hurt, and so that we don’t have to desecrate it by putting up all sorts of signs and fences / d. to respect it, and act in such a way that we do not put ourselves in unnecessary danger

In the excerpt we read from Over the Edge: Death in the Grand Canyon, Ghiglieri and Myers use ______in order to ______.

a. a series of lists; overwhelm the reader with the beauty of nature
b. a variety of questions; bring up and then / d. hypothetical situations; pose solutions to the rapidly increasing number of deaths in national parks
address counterarguments
c. a list of deaths; frighten the readers and encourage them to support additional restrictions in national parks / e. a strictly chronological structure; give the reader a sense of respect for how national parks’ safety precautions developed and improved over time

The tone of the excerpt from Over the Edge: Death in the Grand Canyon is oddly ______towards a large part of its intended audience. However, the use of ______and the ______dull the sting a bit, and encourage the reader to think of himself as in on the joke.

a. condescending; “we” and “us”; humor
b. sarcastic; biblical references; chart of deaths
c. accusatory; extended metaphors; personal anecdotes / d. congratulatory; similes; implication that we are “murdering” ecosystems
e. sympathetic; emotional appeals; reference to the innocent child who may depend on us

At the end of the excerpt from Over the Edge: Death in the Grand Canyon, Ghiglieri and Myers employ an extended war metaphor, in which they portray ______fighting against ______.

a. people with common sense; foolish tourists / d. National Park Service; human stupidity
b. National Park Service; tort lawyers
c. National Park Service; federal government / e. people with common sense; federal government

In the list of deaths at the end of the excerpt, Ghiglieri and Myers _____ in an attempt to ______.

a. highlight patterns of foolish behavior; convince the audience that the best plan is to invest in more safety equipment and signs / d. stay completely objective; avoid swaying the reader or reveal any agenda or bias
e. carefully list the names and ages of the
b. emphasize the accidental nature of the deaths; encourage people to keep visiting national parks
c. emphasize the preventable nature of many of the deaths; place the blame on the dead, and not on the park / victims; honor and memorialize the dead

Ghiglieri and Myers write, “Some of these people are not just seeking a self-defining adventure, of course, they are seeking special status, the ability to boast, however subtly, ‘Oh yeah, I’ve done the toughest thing there is.’” This statement could best describe the attitude of which of the following authors?

a. Kingsley / d. Preston
b. Stanley
c. Ghiglieri and Myers themselves / e. none of the above

During the 1884 Berlin Conference, the major European powers met in Germany to divide up Africa. This conference is an important piece of context for the Stanley and Kingsley works. It took place

a. Before both Stanley and Kingsley were in Africa
b. After Stanley had been to Africa, but before / c. After Kingsley had been to Africa, but before Stanley had traveled there
Kingsley had traveled there / d. After both Stanley and Kingsley had been to Africa

Which of the following is NOT one of Stanley’s purposes for writing?

a. to inform his readers about his view of interior Africa / d. to justify the killing of Africans
e. to combat his audience’s previously held
b. to persuade others that Africa needs to be “civilized”
c. to make himself look brave and heroic / misconceptions about Africa

Stanley’s writing tends towards _____, in order to ______.

a. hyperbole; make Africa and its people seem more dangerous than perhaps they really were, so that ultimately Stanley seemed more impressive / d. figurative language and comparisons to England; help his readers envision a place they could not otherwise imagine
b. understatement; make Africa and the Africans seem easy for Stanley to conquer
c. euphemism; spare his readers the descriptions that might make them sympathize with the Africans / e. repeated rhetorical questions; make his audience question what they would do if lost in darkest Africa, and thus help excuse some of his more distasteful actions

Both ______useexact numbers, dates, and measurements in order to make themselves sound more credible, but the latter does so in a way that isfar more convincing and reliable.

a. Stanley and Kingsley / d. Stanley and Preston
b. Preston and Kingsley
c. Kingsley and Ghiglieri and Myers / e. Ghiglieri and Myers and Preston

Kingsley refutes many of Stanley’s claims in subtle terms by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

a. traveling in the company of the Fans / d. sometimes traveling alone in a small canoe
b. having logical conversations with members of the tribes she meets
c. doing everyday things such as having tea and wearing a presentable dress / e. always being able to tell exactly where she is, even if she only has the sun to go by

Mary Kingsley makes fun of Henry Morton Stanley in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

a. by writing that she should have “killed people in a general way with a revolver” / c. by mentioning how shocked Victorian men were at seeing the mangroves “displaying their ankles”
b. by writing that “if you really want a truly safe investment in Fame” you should jump overboard into the swamp, die, and become fossilized / d. by observing that she thought the crocodile was eight feet long, and then adding “but don’t go and say I measured him, or that this my outside measurement for crocodiles ”

Both _____ appear to have once been members of their own audience before they went out and gathered first-hand information that made them feel that they had to inform others and correct the assumptions that they themselves might once have held.

a. Stanley and Ghiglieri and Myers / d. Preston and Stanley
b. Preston and Kingsley
c. Kingsley and Ghiglieri and Myers / e. Ghiglieri and Myers and Preston

In their efforts to educate the audience and ultimately protect human lives, ______attempt(s) to alleviate the audience’s fears while ______attempt(s) to frighten the audience.

a. Kingsley; Stanley / d. Ghiglieri and Myers; Stanley
b. Stanley; Kingsley
c. Preston; Ghiglieri and Myers / e. Kingsley; Preston

Both Kingsley and Preston include graphic descriptions of sickness. Preston generally does so in order to _____; Kingsley usually does so in order to _____.

a. create a sense of fear; provide comic relief / d. horrify and frighten the reader; encourage a sense of compassion
b. emphasize how unprepared doctors are for bioterrorism; emphasize how primitive the African tribes are
c. emphasize the suffering of the individuals; highlight the many dangers of Africa / e. inform the reader about unusual diseases; make her nursing skills seem more impressive to the audience

Both _____ personify some aspect of nature, but the former does it in order to awaken in the audience a sense of obligation to protect and preserve while the latter does so in order to justify the destruction of that aspect of nature.

a. Kingsley and Ghiglieri and Myers / d. Ghiglieri and Myers and Preston
b. Stanley and Kingsley
c. Preston and Ghiglieri and Myers / e. Ghiglieri and Myers and Kingsley

Preston’s presentation of himself in The Demon in the Freezer is most similar to ______.

a. Kingsley’s presentation of herself as a common, sometimes inept woman / c. Stanley’s presentation of himself as the brave, conquering hero
b. Ghiglieri and Myers’presentation of themselves as smarter and more responsible than the average American / d. none of the above

______use of “Bo-bo-bo-o-o” is similar to how _____ also uses a onomatopoeia to mock a group of people.

a. Ghiglieri and Myers’; Stanley / d. Kingsley’s; Preston
b. Stanley’s; Kingsley
c. Kingsley’s; Stanley / e. Stanley’s; Ghiglieri and Myers

______uses humor primarily to mock and belittle himself/herself/themselves, while ______uses humor to belittle others.

a. Stanley; Preston / d. Ghiglieri and Myers; Preston
b. Kingsley; Stanley
c. Kingsley; Ghiglieri and Myers / e. Stanley; Ghiglieri and Myers

The quotation below was taken from ______.

“And we have airbags and parachutes and orthopedic surgeons and seat belts and life vests and helmets to protect us when something does go wrong.”