Name: ______Date: ______

Chapter 1 Notes

Distinguish between a scientific law and a scientific theory.

  1. Scientific Law
  2. ______of a natural event
  3. ______of what occurs
  4. Does not try ______why something occurs only tells what occurs
  5. Scientific Theory
  6. ______of events
  7. Tries to explain ______something occurs
  8. Supported by ______
  9. Must be able to predict what happens by using the ______

Explain and apply the steps of the ______.

  1. Observation
  2. Seeing something that makes you ask a ______
  3. Formulate a question
  4. What exactly do you want to ______?
  5. Research the question
  6. Find out what others have said about your ______
  7. Develop a hypothesis
  8. Use the information you found in research to develop an ______in answer to your question
  9. Experiment/Collect Data
  10. Test only one ______at a time,
  11. Use a ______
  12. Control is a version of the experiment where ______is changed
  13. Draw conclusions
  14. ______the data
  15. Did the data support ______?

Describe the relationship between pure science and technology.

  1. ______studies things that may never be useful
  2. Pure science seeks ______
  3. Studying far off galaxies is ______
  4. ______is useful
  1. ______is applied science
  2. Creating a vaccine for a disease is ______

Distinguish between an independent and dependent variable.

  1. ______variable is the variable that you change in the experiment
  2. If you place one plant in the window and one in the closet the variable you are changing is the amount of light
  3. ______would be the independent variable
  4. Dependent variable is the variable ______because of the change in the independent variable
  5. The plant in the closet is only 6 cm tall. The plant in the window is 12 cm tall.
  6. ______would be the dependent variable.

Chapter 2 Notes

SI Units

  1. The two things required for a measurement to make sense are
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. The SI system of units is based on a revised version of the ______system.
  5. The seven SI Units to be familiar with are

Quantity / Unit / Symbol
Length / m
Mass / kilogram
Temperature / K
Time / s
Amount of Substance / mole
Electric Current / A
Luminous intensity / candela
  1. If a metric unit is not convenient to use, a ______may be used which indicated how many times a unit should be ______or ______by 10.
  2. The SI prefixes are

Prefix / Symbol / Meaning
Giga-
Mega-
kilo-
deci-
centi-
milli-
micro-
nano-
  1. Derived units are made from ______of ______units.
  2. Examples of derived units include the units for what quantities?
  3. _
  4. _
  5. _
  6. _
  7. _

Density

  1. Density is a ______that compares the ______of an object to its volume.
  2. The formula to find density is ______.An example of finding the density is:

Temperature

  1. The instrument used to measure temperature is called a ______.
  2. The SI unit for temperature is the ______.
  3. To convert from celsius to Kelvin use the formula ______.
  4. The ______sign is not needed with Kelvin.

Scientific Notation

  1. Scientific notation is based on powers of ______.
  2. In scientific notation the first number is called ______.
  3. It must be between ______and ______.
  4. In scientific notation the second number is called ______.
  5. It must always be ______and written in ______form.

Arithmetic Operations with Scientific Notation

  1. When adding or subtracting in scientific notation, you must have the same ______.
  2. When multiplying, multiply your number and ______the exponents.
  3. When dividing, divide your numbers and ______the exponents.

Dimensional Analysis

  1. The number in conversion factors, come from the ______.
  2. The units in dimensional analysis must ______.
  3. An example of a dimensional analysis problem would be converting 15 cm into dm, as seen below.

Limits of Measurement

  1. ______is a gauge of how ______exact a measurement is. It depends on the number of ______in the answer.
  2. ______are all the known digits in a measurement and one last digit that is ______.
  3. The ______of a calculated answer is ______by the least precise measurement used in the calculation.
  4. Therefore, if the least precise measurement in your calculation has two significant figures, then your calculated answer can have at most ______significant figures.
  5. How close measurements are to the actual value is the ______.
  6. Significant figures include all ______digits plus one ______digit.
  7. The rules for significant figures
  8. All ______numbers are always ______.
  9. Zeros ______non-zero numbers are always significant.
  10. All ______zeros to the ______of the decimal place are significant.
  11. Zeros that act as ______are not ______.
  12. Counting numbers and defined constants have an ______number of significant figures.
  13. The rules for rounding
  14. If the digit to the immediate ______the last significant figure is less than ______, do not change the last significant figure.
  15. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is ______than five, round ______the last significant figure.
  16. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is ______to five and is followed by a ______digit, round ______the last significant figure.
  17. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is ______to five and is not followed by a ______digit, look at the last significant figure. If it is an ______digit, round it up. If it is an ______digit, do not round up.

Arithmetic Operations with Significant Figures

  1. When ______and ______numbers, your answer should have the ______number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
  2. When you ______or ______numbers, your answer must have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the ______number of significant figures.

Percent Error

  1. Percent error is used to calculate the ______of experimental data values and the accepted value.
  2. Percent error is the ______of an error to its ______value and can be found using the following formula:
  3. ______
  4. Scientists can organize their data by using data ______and ______because it is easier to spot ______or trends in the data that can support or disprove a hypothesis
  5. The ways that data can be displayed include
  6. Data ______
  7. ______Graphs
  8. ______Graphs
  9. ______graphs (or ______charts)

Communicating Data

  1. Scientists communicate their result by
  2. _
  3. _
  4. _
  5. _
  6. _
  7. _
  8. When other scientists examine a scientist’s work, this process is known as ______review.

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