Disability, education and the labour market: A longitudinal portrait for NZ
9th June 2016
Adapted in accordance with Section 69 of the Copyright Act 1994 by the Royal New Zealand Foundation of the Blind, for the sole use of persons who have a print disability.
Produced 2016 by Accessible Format Production, Blind Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand
This edition is a transcription of the following print edition:
Disability, education and the labour market: A longitudinal portrait for NZ
Associate Professor Gail Pacheco & De Wet van der Westhuizen
New Zealand Work Research Institute; An Institute of AUT University
Transcriber's notes
If reading this volume on a portable braille device note that this etext is unproofed by touch.
Notes from the e-text transcriber are prefaced by the abbreviation tn.
Tables have been listed. The rows below the table columns are formatted as follows: column 1: column 2; column 3 etc.
Page 2
Motivation
- Growing interest in the outcomes for the disabled population
- NZ Disability Strategy introduced in 2000
- Three waves of the Disability Survey conducted (2001, 2006, 2013)
- Scant recent evidence on the educational and employment outcomes for different types of disability? Lack of information on trends too.
Pages 3
Disclaimer
Access to the data used in this study was provided by Statistics New Zealand under conditions designed to give effect to the security and confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act 1975. The results presented in this study are the work of the authors, not Statistics NZ.
Page 4
Outline
- Prevalence of disability in NZ
- Comparison of disabled and non-disabled population
- Employment characteristics of disabled and non-disabled
- Broken down by disability type
- Educational attainment of disabled and non-disabled (also broken down by type)
- Avenues for further research
Page 5
Prevalence of disability in NZ
- Using data from the Disability Survey, focussing on the working age population.
Bar Graph:
tn: Bar graph has been converted to 2 lists. The data is presented under headings "People with Disabilities (PwD)" and "People without Disabilities (Pw/oD)" in Year: Percentage format. Percentages provided in the lists are estimated as true data was unable to be provided at the time of e-text transcription, please see the presenter for more information. End tn.
People with Disabilities (PwD)
2001: 17
2006: 13
2013: 20
People without Disabilities (Pw/oD)
2001: 83
2006: 87
2013: 79
End Bar Graph.
Page 6
Main disabilities in NZ
Caption: Five high level disability types
Bar Graph
tn:Bar graph has been converted to a list. Data is presented under five headings "Sensory", "Intellectual", "Psychiatric/Psychological", "Physical" and "Other". The data is presented in Year: Number format. End tn.
Sensory
2001: 20
2006: 24
2013: 28
Intellectual
2001: 1
2006: 2
2013: 2
Psychiatric/Psychological
2001: 11
2006: 12
2013: 17
Physical
2001: 42
2006: 41
2013: 38
Other
2001: 26
2006: 21
2013: 15
End Bar Graph.
Page 7
NZ Disability Strategy
The issue of accessibility to education and employment is addressed through two specific objectives:
- Objective 3: Provide the best education for disabled people.
- Objective 4: Provide opportunities in employment and economic development for disabled people.
Page 8
Comparison of disabled and non-disabled population
Disabled are on average:
- Relatively older
- More likely to be European or Maori; less likely to be Asian
- Less likely to have a partner
- Less likely to have children.
- Have lower personal income
- Less likely to be receiving income in the form of wages or salary.
Page 9
Employment outcomes
- Employment propensity equals 59.7 percent for disabled, and 75.3 percent for non-disabled in 2013
- Unemployment propensity is 7.1 percent versus 4.5 percent.
- Not in the labour force is 33.2 percent versus 20 percent
Disabled:
- Less likely to be in full time work (74 percent versus 79 percent)
- Similar mean hours per week to non-disabled (37.1 versus 38.6)
Page 10
Employment outcomes by disability types
Table:
tn: Thetable is listed. The data is presented under the following column headings: Employment outcomes by disability types (eobdt): Sensory; Intellectual; Psychiatric/Psychological; Physical; Other. "Employed" and "Unemployed" data is highlighted with red boxes and all numerical values are percentages except for "Mean hours per week". End tn.
eobdt:Sensory; Intellectual; Psychiatric/Psychological; Physical; Other.
Employed: 65.3; 36.0; 48.2; 52.6; 46.1
Unemployed: 5.9; 8.8; 8.3; 5.5; 8.5
Not in the labour force; 28.9; 55.2; 43.5; 41.9; 45.5
Fulltime: 78.1; 71.9; 62.0; 72.8; 70.9
Mean hours per week: 38.7; 35.2; 32.3; 36.6; 35.7
End table.
Page 11
Educational characteristics
Table:
tn: Thetable has been listed. It is split into two sections: Variables/Highest Qualification: PwD 2001, 2006 and 2013 and Variables/Highest Qualification: Pw/oD 2001, 2006 and 2013.End tn.
Note: ***, **, and * indicate 1 percent: 5 percent; and 10 percent significance levels for t-tests comparing 2001 with 2013. End of Note.
Variables/Highest Qualification: PwD 2001; 2006; 2013
No qualification: 35.82; 39.57; 27.21***
Certificate (Level 1-3): 36.58; 28.37; 35.15
Certificate (Level 4): 7.46; 12.10; 11.65***
Diploma (Level 5-6): 8.81; 7.56; 8.01
Bachelor Degree: 5.36; 5.60; 9.13***
Postgraduate Degree: 1.81; 2.83; 4 94***
Overseas secondary school qualification: 4.16; 3.97; 3.90
Variables/Highest Qualification:Pw/oD 2001; 2006; 2013
No qualification: 21.97; 18.48; 12.69***
Certificate (Level 1-3): 41.28; 38.13; 36.08***
Certificate (Level 4): 5.97; 10.41; 9.34***
Diploma (Level 5-6): 10.81; 9.81; 10.10
Bachelor Degree: 10.05; 12.53; 18.44***
Postgraduate Degree: 3.80; 5.25; 7.66***
Overseas secondary school qualification: 6.11; 5.38; 5.68
End table.
Page 12
Educational characteristics (cont'd)
Focussing on proportion with no qualification, and trend from 2001 to 2013:
- Sensory: 38.7 to 27.6 percent
- Intellectual: 61.7 to 46.6 percent
- Psychiatric / Psychological: 37.8 to 29.3 percent
- Physical: 43.3 to 32.0 percent
- Other: 36.8 to 36.4 percent
Page 13
People with vision impairments
Table:
tn:The table is listed and split into 3 sections: All numerical values are percentages except for "Mean hours per week". "Employed" and "Not in the labour force" data is highlighted with red boxes.End tn.
Vision disability: 2001; 2013
Employed: 43.8; 59.9
Unemployed: 8.5; 8.1
Not in the labour force: 47.7; 32.0
Full time: blank; 76.1
Mean hours per week: blank; 37.0
All other types of disability: 2001; 2013
Employed: 59.3; 59.7
Unemployed: 5.9; 6.9
Not in the labour force: 34.9; 33.5
Full time: blank; 73.7
Mean hours per week: blank; 37.10
Non-disabled: 2001; 2013
Employed: 75.8; 75.3
Unemployed: 4.8; 4.5
Not in the labour force: 19.4; 20.2
Full time: blank; 79.3
Mean hours per week: blank; 38.60
End table.
Page 14
People with Vision Impairments (cont'd)
Table:
tn: The table is listed and split into 3 sections: All numerical values are percentages. "No qualification" and "Bachelors degree" data is highlighted with red boxes. End tn.
Vision disability: 2001; Vision disability 2013
No qualification: 41.4; 33.0
Certificate (Levels 1-4): 35.4; 42.9
Bachelors Degree: 2.3; 9.9
Postgraduate degree: 1.2; 4.3
All other types of disability: 2001; 2013
No qualification: 35.3; 26.2
Certificate (Levels 1-4): 44.9; 47.5
Bachelors Degree: 5.7; 9.0
Postgraduate degree: 1.9; 5.1
Non-disabled: 2001; 2013
No qualification: 22.0; 12.7
Certificate (Levels 1-4): 47.3; 45.4.
Bachelors Degree: 10.1; 18.4
Postgraduate degree: 3.8; 7.7
End table.
Page 15
Future research
- Further explore the experiences of the older disabled population–aged 65 years and above
- Conduct propensity score matching? Compare similarly observable individuals (in terms of demographic and educational characteristics), where the only difference is disability status = is there any differences in employment propensity, once the relevant covariates are controlled for?
- Conduct similar disaggregate research for other disability types?
Page 16
Thank You
Email:
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