Name:______Period:______Date:______

Directions: Match the definition with the term.

____1. Tiny organisms that break down and absorb nutrients A. autotroph

From dead organisms.

____2. Obtains energy by feeding on other organismsB. commensalisms

____3. Step in the passage of energy and matter through an C. decomposer

Ecosystem.

____4. Place where an organism lives out its life.D. food chain

____5. Relationship between species in which one species E. food web

Benefits at the expense of another.

____6. Manufactures nutrients using energy from the sunF. heterotroph

or from chemical compounds.

____7. Collection of interacting populations.G. parasitism

____8. Simple model for showing how matter and energy moveH. scavenger

Through an ecosystem.

____9. Eats dead organisms.I. Trophic level

____10. Portion of Earth that supports life.J. habitat

____11. Relationship between species in which one speciesK. community

Benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

____12. Network of interconnected food chains.L. biosphere

____13. Relationship between species in which both speciesM. ecology

Benefit.

____14. Study of interactions among organisms and their N. mutualism

Environment.

Directions: In the space at the left, write the word or phrase in parentheses that correctly completes the statement.

______15. Wind, humidity, and (mosses, rocks) would be considered

Abiotic factors in a terrestrial ecosystem.

______16. The size of a population does not directly depend on the

Availability of (food, decomposers).

______17. To show how the weight of living material at each trophic

Level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of

(numbers, biomass).

______18. In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria and (lightning, decomposers)

Convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

Usable by plants.

______19. Some energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the

Environment as (heat, matter).

______20. Carbon and nitrogen are released back into the atmosphere

During (symbiosis, decomposition).

______21. Carbon and nitrogen are released back into the atmosphere

During (symbiosis, decomposition).

______22. Both the alga and the fungus of a lichen benefit from their

Relationship. This relationship is one of (mutualism, commensalisms).

Directions: In the space at the left, write the word or phrase that includes all the rest.

______23. Trophic level, food web, food chain

______24. parasitism, commensalisms, mutualism, symbiosis

______25. organism, ecosystem, population, community

______26. ecosystems, biotic factors, biosphere, abiotic factors

______27. omnivores, consumers, carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, decomposers

______28. evaporation, precipitation, water cycle, condensation,

urination

Directions: Questions 28-32 refer to the food chain pictured below. In the space at the left, write the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the statement or answers the question.

__29. Energy flows from

A. coyotes to grassesB. cats to mice

C. mice to catsD. coyotes to cats

__30. The coyotes are

A. herbivoresB. third-oder heterotrophs

C. second-order heterotrophsD. decomposers

__31. How many trophic levels does the food chain include?

A. four B. oneC. threeD. two

__32. As matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available

energy

  1. always decreases and population size always increases
  2. always increases and population size always decreases
  3. always decreases but population size may increase or decrease
  4. increases or decreases but population size remains the same

__33.Suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote?

A. 90 B. 9990C. 900 D. 9999

__34. Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replenished by

A. heat B. NutrientsC. sunlightD. organisms

__35. Besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an

ecosystem?

A. OrganismsB. NutrientsC. SunlightD. cycles

__36. Evaporation and condensation are part of the

A. carbon cycleB. nitrogen cycleC. phosphorus cycleD. water cycle

__37. Plants lose water to the air through

A. transpirationB. photosynthesisC. their rootsD. evaporation

__38. Animals lose water when they

A breath inB. urinateC. breath outD. both B and C

__39. The water in the atmosphere is returned to the earth by

A. precipitationB. evaporationC. photosynthesis D. Decomposition

__40.Autotrophs and heterotrophs use carbon molecules for energy and

A.photosynthesisB. evaporation C. decompositionD. both a and b

__41. Heterotrophs get carbon molecules by

A. making the molecules themselves B. feeding on other organisms

C. decaying D. growing

__42. When decomposers break down the carbon molecules in dead organisms,

  1. the dead organisms are converted to coal
  2. oxygen is released
  3. carbon dioxide is released
  4. carbon dioxide is converted to energy-rich carbon molecules

__43. Fertilizers provide plants with

A. nitrogenB. carbonC. waterD. oxygen

__44. Which of the following convert(s) nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?

A. bacteriaB. lightningC. sunlightD. both a and b.

__45. Plants use nitrogen to make

A. carbohydratesB. decomposesC. proteinsD. both b and c

__46. An animal returns nitrogen to the environment when it

A. breathesB. decomposesC. urinatesD. both b and c

Directions: Answer the following questions completely.

47. Compare and contrast populations and communities.

48. A leaf-eating caterpillar turns into a nectar-eating butterfly. How is this feeding behavior an advantage for this species?

49. Clownfish are small, tropical marine fish usually found swimming among stringing tentacles of sea anemones. What type of symbiotic relationship do these animals have if the clownfish are protected by the sea anemone, but the anemone does not benefit from the clownfish?

50. Give an example and describe a parasitic and mutualistic relationship.

51. Why do autotrophs always occupy the lowest level of ecological pyramids?

52. Describe the difference between a food chain and a food web. ( not just the definition)

53. The country of Avorare has many starving people. Should you encourage the people to grow crops such as vegetables, wheat, and corn, or is it better to encourage them to use the land to raise cattle for beef? Explain your answer.

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