Ansonia high school

20 Pulaski HighwayAnsonia, CT 06401
(203) 736.5060 fax (203) 736.5068 / Rebecca Seibert
Advanced Placement/UCONN Chem 1127-1128 Chemistry Teacher

AP CHEMISTRY / UCONN ECE Chemistry 1127 and 1128

Hi Everyone!

Welcome to Advanced Placement Chemistry and UCONN (8 credits!) Chemistry 1127 and 1128! This course is different from other chemistry classes. Rather than memorizing how to do particular types of problems, you must really understand the chemistry, apply critical thinking skills through writing and using mathematical skills to apply to different situations. To succeed, you must keep up with the rigor and pace of the assignments, and be willing to spend significant time outside of class working through the material.

  1. Summer Assignment

I imagine that starting academic work for AP Chemistry is not high on your list of things to do this summer! But, like many AP classes, AP Chem comes with a summer assignment.It is due the first day of class and will be your first graded assignment for the year. The summer assignments accounts for approximately 25% of your first quarter grade. You will be tested on this material within the first week of school. The assignment is explained on the next page.

  1. Supplies

Please come to class the first day of school with the following supplies:

  • 3 to 4” three ring binder with notebook paper and dividers for class
  • TI-Nspire graphing calculator or TI-84 type programmable scientific calculator (calculators are used every day)
  1. Laboratory Needs

You will be doing laboratory work your first week of school. Closed toe shoes, hair secured back and safety glasses are required on lab days. A safety contract will be signed the first day of class.

Have a safe and happy summer. If you have any questions at all, you can contact me at . I look forward to having you in class next year!

Mrs. S

Ansonia high school

20 Pulaski HighwayAnsonia, CT 06401
(203) 736.5060 fax (203) 736.5068 / Rebecca Seibert
Advanced Placement Chemistry Teacher

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

Part 1: Join Google Classroom: code 7h1dbqx

Part 2:Please contact me at this email () before the end of June to introduce yourself and provide me your email. This is worth 10 points in the gradebook.

Misplace the summer assignment? It is on the school website and also Google Classroom.

Part 3: NMSI AP Chemistry Chemical Foundations packet:

  • Read and complete the problems while watching the Companion video:
  • Password = linuspauling
  • This video is one hour and five minutes long. The speaker talks through the Chemical Foundations packet and works through several of the problems in the packet. This video guides you through the packet and can be paused as you personally work the problems in the packet.
  • The packet and link to the video is available online (in case you misplaced yours): then look for the chemical foundations section

Part 4: Text: Chang, Raymond. Chemistry, 10th edition, McGraw Hill, 2010.

  • Read chapter 1, sections 1.1-1.9, and chapter 2 through p. 58.
  • You are responsible for this content. Take notes. The Key Equations, Key Concepts and Key Words are important to know. Taking notes on the chapter will help this process.
  • You must show ALL work in a neat and organized manner for credit.
  • As you read, work all blue box Examples and the Practice Exercise at the bottom of each blue box. The first two can be found on page 19. Answers for the practice exercises are at the back of the chapter. Chapter 1 has eight in total; chapter two through page 58 has four.
  • Chapter 1 problems: 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.25,1.29, 1.30, 1.33, 1.38, 1.39 (be careful: part d has cubed units), 1.54, 1.61, 1.62
  • Chapter 2: 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 2.27, 2.28, 2.33, 2.35, 2.36, 2.69, 2.70, 2.75

Part 5: Dimensional analysis (Yes, Math!)

  • Complete the Dimensional Analysis and Conversions Packet, using the “train track or t-chart unit cancellation” method outlined in the tutorial.

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND CONVERSION OF UNITS WORKSHEET

This worksheet is intended to show you a useful technique that can simplify your methods of answering conversion problems.

It is important to use a systematic approach with easier problems so that when more difficult problems are encountered, the method of approach itself does not add to the problem's difficulty.

In algebra you learned that if a quantity is multiplied by one, its value does not change. The number one can be thought of as a quantity divided by its equivalent.

EXAMPLE: 1 year = 365 days is an equivalency statement and so are the following statements:

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

24 hours = 1 day

To solve the following problem you will need to use the statements above.

How many seconds are there in 5 years? The question is 5 years = ? seconds

5 years 365 days 24 hr 0 min 60 seconds

1 year 1 day 1 hr 1 min = 1.577 x 108 seconds

This is an equivalence statement (also called a conversion factor) and is equal to 1 so when you multiply it by the original quantity you are not changing the size or value of the quantity but only changing the unit it is expressed in. Notice that the top and bottom units cancel each other and you are left with the final unit of seconds.

An easier way to write the above problem is shown below, especially when a long series of conversions is needed

5 years 365 days 24 hr 60 min 60 seconds

1 year 1 day 1 hr 1 min = 1.577 x 108 seconds

Mathematically you find the product of the top series of numbers and divided it by the product of the bottom series of numbers. (Be sure to use parenthesis for the bottom #’s because you want to divide the top quantity by the total bottom quantity)

We will also use this method to convert from one SI unit to another SI unit.

Suppose you wanted to convert the mass of a 250 mg aspirin tablet to its equivalent in grams. Start with what

you know and let the conversion factor units decide how to set up the problem. If a unit to be converted is in

the numerator, that unit must be in the denominator of the conversion factor to cancel.

Notice how the units cancel to give the unit grams.

Next, lets try a more involved conversion. Suppose you wanted to convert 250 mg to kg. You may or may not

know a direct, one-step conversion. In fact, the better method (fool proof) to do the conversion would be to go

to the base unit first, and then to the final unit you want. In other words, convert the milligrams to grams and

then to kilograms:

Another EXAMPLE

The diameter of an argon atom is 3.0 x 10 -8 cm. How many of these atoms placed side by side in a straight line would extend a length of 6.0 feet? (1 inch = 2.54 cm) The questions is 6.0 ft. = ? argon atoms

1 argon atom = 3.0 x 10 -8 cm

1 inch = 2.54 cm

12 in. = 1 ft.

6.0 ft 12 in 2.54 cm 1 Ar atom = 2.29 x 109 atoms

1 ft. 1 in. 8.0 x 10 -8 cm

Another EXAMPLE

Three onions weigh 1.5 lb. and the price of onions is $ .11 per lb. What is the cost of six onions?

1. Question: 6 onions = ? $

2. Conversion factors: 3 onions = 1.5 lb and 1 lb = $ 0.11

3. Given information: 6 onions to start the set up

4. Set and place factors so that units cancel

6 onions 1.5 lb $0.11 = $0.33

3 onions 1 lb

Another EXAMPLE

The price of a ream of paper is $4.00. There are 500 sheets of paper in a ream. If a sheet of paper weighs 0.50 oz., what is the price of one pound of paper? (16 oz. = 1 lb)

1 lb paper = ? $

16 oz. = 1 lb 1 ream = $4.00 500 sheets = 1 ream

1 sheet = 0.50 oz.

1 lb 16 oz. 1 sheet 1 ream $4.00 = ______

1 lb 0.50 oz. 500 sheets 1 ream

COMMON MISTAKES THAT STUDENTS MAKE IN SETTING UP THE PROBLEMS:

1. Setting up the conversion factors so that units will not cancel. (WRONG SOLUTION)

EX. 800,000,000 s x 60 s seconds and min cannot cancel !!

1 min

2. Setting up units that cancel but the conversion factor is wrong. (WRONG SOLUTION)

EX. 800,000,000 s x 60 min 1 second does not equal 60 min !!

1 s

Make the following conversionsusing the method of dimensional analysis and show all your work on separate paper.

Summary of STEPS FOR SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS USING DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS:

1. Write the problem in the form of a question. What are you starting with? What are you solving for?

2. List the possible equivalency statements or conversion factors (ratios)

3. Place the given information (What you are starting with) first in the set up.

4. Place the conversions so that the units that you want to get rid of are on opposite sides (numerator and denominator) and will cancel.

5. When you are finished you should be left with the desired unit (what you are solving for).

6. To calculate the answer you will multiply across the top and divide by the product of the bottom values.

7. Check to make sure that your answer is logical

Dimensional Analysis Worksheet

This worksheet is designed to give you practice using dimensional analysis as a problem solving tool. For this reason it is very important to show your work. In each problem write the equality statement if you are confused, if not then just write out the string of calculations with the correct conversion factor, including the units. Show how the units cancel to give the final answer with the correct units. GOOD LUCK!!!

PART 1 Dimensional Analysis and the metric system. Memorize the prefixes of the metric system so you can write the correct equivalence statements without assistance.

Prefix / Kilo / Base unit
(grams, liters, meters) / deci / centi / milli / Micro / Nano
Prefix Abbreviation / K / d / c / m / µ / n
Value (Standard Notation) / 1000
Times larger than the base / 1 this is the base! / 1/10 smaller than the base / 1/100 smaller than the base / 1/1000 smaller than the base / 1/1,000,000 smaller than the base / 1/1,000,000,000 smaller than the base
Value (Scientific Notation) / 103 / 100 / 10-1 / 10-2 / 10-3 / 10-6 / 10-9
The math ratio you use!
(grams is the unit used here to illustrate) / 1 kg = 1000 g / 1 g / 1 g = 0.1 dg / 1 g = 0.01cg / 1 g = 0.001 mg / 1 g = 0.000001 µg
Or
1 g = 10-6µg / 1 g = 0.000000001 ng
Or
1 g = 10-9 ng

1) Write an equivalence statement between the two given measurements.

A) 1 Km = ______mor 1 m = ______Km

B) 1 µm = ______mor1 m = ______µm

C) 1 mL = ______Lor 1 L= ______mL

D) 1 nL = ______mLor 1 mL = ______nL

E) 1 ft = ______inor 1 yard = ______ft

F) 1 cm = .39370 inand 1 in = 2.54______cm

G) 1 km = .62137 miand 1 mi = 3.1117______km

You are NOT required to memorize the conversion factors between the metric and English systems of measurement.

2) Perform the following conversions using the equivalence statements you wrote in #1. SHOW YOUR WORK IN THE SPACE PROVIDED UNDER EACH LETTER. WRITE SMALL!!

A) 75 Km = ? m

B) 2.68 x 10-6 µm = ? m

C) 11.2 nL = ? L

D) 37.687 yds = ? in

E) .00898 km = ? in

F) 8.98 x 1015 nm = ? mi

Part 2 Varied Applications

3) You visit the store and find a banana sale. On average 8 bananas weigh one pound. The sale price for bananas is four pounds for $5.00. You decide to treat your advising group to 25 banana splits, 1 banana per split.

A) Write the equivalence statements.

______bananas = 1 lb______lbs = ______dollars

B) How much will it cost you to buy 25 bananas?

4) The average length of a hotdog is 12.0 cm. The distance to the moon is 3.84 E8 meters. How many hotdogs must you line up to reach the moon?

A) Write the equivalence statements

______hot dog = ______cm ______m = ______cm

distance to moon = ______m

B) How many hotdogs must you line up to reach the moon?

5) The distance to the sun is 1.496 E11 meters. The speed of light is 3.00 E8 m/s. A minute is defined to be 60 seconds.

A Write the equivalence statements

Distance to sun = ______mSpeed of light = ______m/s

______minute = ______seconds

B) How long does it take for light to get from the sun to the earth?

6) If the density of mercury is 13.6 g/ml, find the A) mass of 43.0 ml of mercury, B) volume of 43.0 grams of mercury. (Hint: use the density of mercury to write an equivalence statement between mass and volume.)

______= ______

A) Mass of 43.0 mL of mercury

B) Volume of 43.0 grams of mercury

7) You exhale about .0800 liters of CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas in a single breath. 22.4 liters of CO2 contain 6.022 x 1023 molecules. 6,022 x 1023 CO2 molecules have a mass of 44.0 grams. Find the A) number of carbon dioxide molecules you exhale in each breath. Find the mass of the CO2 you exhale in a single breath.

First, what ratio expressions do you know from the above information:

______= ______= ______

8) You have a salt shaker at home that contains 65.0 grams of NaCl. Table salt’s chemical formula is NaCl and its name is sodium chloride. Chemists know that there are 58.44g NaCl in 1 mole of NaCl. A mole is a measurement in chemistry, similar to the concept of 1 dozen contains 12 of something.

a)How many moles of NaCl are in your salt shaker?

b)If 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 molecules of NaCl, how many molecules of NaCl are in your salt shaker?

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS

Conversions Factors
1 hr = 60 min / 1 min = 60 sec / 1 ton = 2000 lbs / 7 days = 1 week
24 hrs = 1 day / 1 kg = 2.2 lbs / 1 gal = 3.79 L / 264.2 gal = 1 cubic meter
1 mi = 5,280 ft / 1 kg = 1000 g / 1 lb = 16 oz / 20 drops = 1 mL
365 days = 1 yr / 52 weeks = 1 yr / 2.54 cm = 1 in / 1 L = 1000 mL
0.621 mi = 1.00 km / 1 yd = 36 inches / 1 cc is 1 cm3 / 1 mL = 1 cm3

DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem using dimensional analysis. Every number must have a unit and be expressed with proper significant figures and scientific notation. Work must be shown.

  1. Convert 50 m to mm
  1. Convert 25 cm to km
  1. Convert 400 mm to m
  1. Convert 60 kg to mg
  1. Convert 500 nm to km
  1. How many oranges are in a crate if the price of a crate of oranges is $1.60 and the price of oranges is $0.20 per pound and there are 3 oranges per pound?
  1. What is the cost to drive to Los Angeles from San Francisco a distance of 405 miles if the cost of gasoline is $2.90 a gallon and the car gets 25 miles per gallon of gas?
  1. What is the cost of coal in dollars per ton if it costs $0.04 per kilogram ?
  1. If 6.0 liters of mercury has a mass of 78 kg and costs $420.00. What is the price of one pound of mercury?
  1. If you dig a hole through the earth to China for a game of ping-pong , how many centuries would it be before you got there if you could dig at a rate of 4 miles per day and the diameter of the earth is 12,700 km?
  1. What would it cost to send a rocket to Mars, (7.9 x 10 7 km from the earth), if the average speed of the rocket is 1600 miles per minute and the fuel consumption averages 100 grams every 1.5 seconds and the cost of the fuel is $500.00 per pound ?
  1. You have been working at a fast food restaurant for the past 35 years wrapping hamburgers. Each hour you wrap 184 hamburgers. You work 8 hours per day. You work 5 days a week. You get paid every 2 weeks with a salary of $840.34. How many hamburgers will you have to wrap to make your first one million dollars?.

Lucky 13! (This is a UCONN test question!)

  1. The unit of land measure in the English system is the acre, while that in the metric system is the hectare. An acre is 4.356x104 ft2. A hectare is ten thousand square meters. A town requires a minimum area of 2.0 acres of land for 1 single-family dwelling. How many hectares are required for one single family dwelling?