Practice Exam 1:
Digestive & Respiratory System: Ch. 23, 22
1. The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the duodenum over a period of time would cause:
A) an increase in secretin release from the duodenum.
B) diminished gallbladder contractions.
C) a decrease in bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas.
D) a parasympathetic reflex which would promote gastric contractions.
2. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation:
A) hormones reduce chief cell activity.
B) secretin causes more HCl release.
C) the gastroenteric reflex reduces stomach activity.
D) the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited.
E) the enterogastric reflex is turned off.
3. Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space.
A) True
B) False
4. All of the following are steps of the rumination cycle EXCEPT:
A) regurgitation
B) eructation
C) redeglutition
D) reinsalivation
E) remastication
5. During the gastric phase ingested food stimulates:
A) a reflex in the myenteric plexus
B) a reflex mediated via the vagus nerves and brainstem
C) an increase in the pH of the stomach contents
D) all of the above
6. Air moves into the lungs because:
A) the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
B) the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the
diaphragm contracts.
C) contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.
D) the thorax is muscular.
E) the internal intercostal muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume.
7. The liver secretes 1,000 mL of bile per day into the duodenum.
A) True
B) False
8. Alveolar ventilation rate is:
A) the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time
B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) . the utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.
D) less than the pulmonary ventilation rate because of dead space.
E) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
9. The functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) secretion of albumin, clotting factors, and other plasma proteins.
B) storing glucose as glycogen.
C) producing vitamins A, C and K.
D) degrading toxins and drugs from the blood.
10. All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower
EXCEPT:
A) lower pH
B) rising body temperature
C) lower pO2 in tissues
D) elevated BPG levels
E) lower carbon dioxide concentrations
11. Sympathetic stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract will increase peristalsis and gastric
secretions.
A) True
B) False
12. Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where:
A) temperature is lower.
B) partial pressures of oxygen are higher.
C) pH is more acidic.
D) pH is more alkaline.
E) partial pressures of carbon dioxide are lower.
13. Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?
A) Vasoactive peptide
B) Secretin
C) Gastrin
D) CCK
E) Histamine
14. Monogastric salivary glands produce all of the following EXCEPT:
A) mucin
B) salivary pepsin
C) saliva
D) bicarbonate
E) salivary amylase
15. Which of the following is not found in the lungs?
A) Surfactant
B) Renin
C) Macrophages
D) Alveoli
16. Which of the following does not occur within the large intestine?
A) synthesis of vitamin K
B) absorption of water and electrolytes
C) secretion of mucus
D) digestion of cellulose by digestive enzymes
17. All of the following are functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) EXCEPT:
A) stimulates gallbladder contraction
B) promotes secretion of pancreatic enzymes
C) increases gastric HCl production
D) induces the movement of bile into common bile duct
E) causes hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax
18. Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:
A) converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
B) dissolved in plasma.
C) bound to hemoglobin.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.
19. Which of the following is a satiety-stimulating compound produced in the brain?
A) Ghrelin
B) NPY
C) POMC
D) AgRP
E) PYY
20. Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?
A) salivary glands
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) stomach
21. Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest?
A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Residual volume
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Vital capacity
E) Tidal volume
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?
A) It is the site for acid neutralization.
B) It has villi.
C) It is longer than the small intestine.
D) It contains a large number of bacteria.
E) It provides no absorptive function.
23. When the salivatory nuclei in the brainstem receive neural input from touch and taste
receptors in the mouth, salivation is increased.
A) True
B) False
24. Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?
A) Transport of air
B) Gas exchange
C) Mucous secretion
D) Warming of air
E) Cleansing of air
25. Parietal cells use the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to form the H+ ions in the hydrochloric
acid that they secrete.
A) True
B) False
26. An animal with lesions in this center of the brain will overeat and develop obesity.
A. medulla
B. arcuate nucleus
C. pons
D. lateral hypothalamus
E. ventro-medial hypothalamus
27. In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is:
A) lower than the PO2 of venous blood.
B) much higher than the PO2 of arterial blood.
C) equal to that in the tissues.
D) the same as the PO2 of venous blood.
E) about 104 mmHg.
28. Gut fill is affected by all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) pelleting
B) caloric density of the feed
C) plant tissue lignification
D) type of CHO ingested
E) grinding
ESSAY TOPICS
Below are sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual exam. Use key words and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these questions can most easily be answered with a schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn elements. In other words: if it helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
GI
1) Describe the process involved in the formation of HCl in the stomach.
Be able to explain/draw Figure 23.18 from the book
2) Trace a piece of steak from its entry in the esophagus, to its absorption in the small intestine. Be able to do the same for a piece of lard, or a cracker.
3) Describe the hormonal controls involved in secretion. Include a discussion of bile salt production/excretion in your answer.
4) Compare and contrast the small and large intestines. ***Will not discuss in review. Use the table below to answer.***
Small Intestine / Large intestineSections
Functions
Absorptive capacity
Length
Structural modifications present
Motility
Secretions
Ruminant v Monogastric Digestion.
1) Compare and contrast the digestive tracts of foregut and hindgut fermenters.
Appetite Control
1) Describe hormonal regulation of hunger and satiety.
2) Discuss factors involved in intake control of animals (non-hormonal).
Respiratory
1) Trace the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body, explaining the partial pressure shifts.
2) List and define the 3 laws of gas exchange and explain the application of each in respiration.
3) Recreate the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and restate, in your own words, the concepts represented by the curve. Explain the effects of pH and heat on this curve.
4) Explain the pathway involved with the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the red blood cell at the lungs and body tissue levels.