Anatomy / Physiology

Digestion and Nutrition Test

Please fill in the correct letter from the list on the right.

_h__ 1. Children have these type of teeth.a. Esophagus

_e__ 2. Largest of the paired salivary glands.b. Villi

_f__ 3. Movement of nutrients into internal environmentc. Mastication

_i__ 4. Secreted by the gastric glandsd. Elimination

_b__ 5. Important modification of the mucosal layere. Parotid

_d__ 6. Expulsion from the digestive tractf. Absorption

_j__ 7. This is secreted by the liverg. Digestibility Coefficients

_g__ 8. Sugar has a high oneh. Deciduous

__c_ 9. Reduces size of food particlesi. Hydrochloric Acid

_a__ 10. First segment of the digestive tubej. Bile

11. Food enters the _____oral cavity____ and leaves via the ____anus______.

12. A ___tooth_____ contains several layers, ( crown, root, neck).

13. The Pyloric ___sphincter___ controls the outlet of the pyloric portion of the stomach into the duodenum.

14. The colon actually contains __five_ sections.

15. The gallbladder stores __bile__.

16. __Peristalsis__ is a wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ; progressive motility that produces forward movement of matter along the GI tract.

17. Nucleases are enzymes that digest nucleic acids such as _DNA__ and _RNA__.

18. __chemical__ and ____mechanical____ stimuli come from the presence of food in the mouth.

19. For some substances such as water, absorption occurs by simple _diffusion__ or __osmosis__.

20. __Diarrea__ results of increased motility of the small intestine, causing decreased absorption of water and electrolytes.

21. List three functions of the stomach.

  1. Reservoir for food until it is partially digested.
  2. Secretes gastric juices to aid in the digestion of food.
  3. Breaks food into smaller particles and mixes them with gastric juices.
  4. Secretes intrinsic factors
  5. Limited absorption
  6. Produces gastrin
  7. Helps protect body from pathogenic bacteria swallowed with food

22. Mechanical Digestion serves several functions, list four of the seven.

  1. Change ingested food from large particles into small particles
  2. Churn contents of the GI lumen to mix with digestive juices
  3. Propel food along the alimentary tract
  4. Mastication
  5. Deglutition
  6. Peristalsis and segmentation
  7. Regulation of motility

23. Chemical Digestion involves several enzymes, list three principles of enzyme action.

  1. Specific in their action
  2. Function optimally at a specific pH
  3. Most enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in both directions
  4. Enzymes are continually being destroyed or eliminated from the body and must continually be synthesized
  5. Most digestive enzymes are synthesized as inactive proenzymes