Appendix 1.Prevalence of child overweight and obese*according to their parent's weight status among households with children using International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) cutoff points in KNHAES, 2007–2010.
weight status of parents / By IOFTn / no. of children overweight and obese / % / p-value†
Mother and Father / Normal / 4,484 / 869 / 19.9 / <.0001
Overweight and obese / 488 / 204 / 41.3
Mother‡ / Normal / 4,454 / 836 / 19.6 / <0.001
Overweight and obese / 1,343 / 424 / 31.9
Father‡ / Normal / 3,017 / 495 / 17.2 / <0.001
Overweight and obese / 2,093 / 616 / 29.9
grandparents / Normal / 1,051 / 239 / 24.6 / 0.7837
Overweight and obese / 710 / 179 / 25.3
*Defined as overweight or obese, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 using International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) cutoff points.
†χ2- test comparing the prevalence of child overweight and obese according to parents’ and grandparent’s weight status.
‡This refers to the percent of mothers/fathers that are overweight or obesity, regardless of household structure (i.e., living with mother only or living with both parents).
Appendix2.Prevalence of childoverweight/obesity* according to their parent's weight status among households with children using Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) cutoff points in KNHAES, 2007– 2010.
Household structure- Child living with: / Parent's weight status / By KCDCn / no. of children overweight/obesity / % / p-value†
Both Parents / Neither parent Overweight/obesity / 2,270 / 280 / 12.9 / <.0001
Only Mother Overweight/obesity / 666 / 145 / 22.9
Only Father Overweight/obesity / 1,548 / 344 / 22.5
Both parents Overweight/obesity / 488 / 196 / 40.2
Mother Only / Mother / Normal / 320 / 58 / 19.4 / 0.0322
Overweight / 91 / 30 / 32.8
Father only / Father / Normal / 37 / 9 / 25.9 / 0.7496
Overweight / 23 / 6 / 30.8
Grandparent Only / Grandparent / Normal / 128 / 22 / 14.6 / 0.0082
Overweight / 98 / 26 / 28.6
*Defined as overweight(85th to <95th percentile) or obesity (≥95th percentile) according to the Korean growth charts.
†χ2- test comparing the percent of overweight/obesity amongchildren with parents at different weight status
Appendix 3.Prevalence of child overweight and obese*according to their parent's weight status among households with children using Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) cutoff points in KNHAES, 2007–2010.
Parent's weight status / By KCDCN / no. of children overweight and obese / % / p-value†
Mother and Father / Normal / 3,017 / 769 / 17.7 / <.0001
Overweight and obese / 2,093 / 196 / 40.2
Mother‡ / Normal / 4,454 / 730 / 17.0 / <.0001
Overweight and obese / 1,343 / 398 / 30.3
Father / Normal / 3,017 / 442 / 15.4 / <0.001
Overweight and obese / 2,093 / 555 / 27.0
Grandparents / Normal / 1,051 / 214 / 21.4 / 0.8074
Overweight and obese / 710 / 161 / 22.0
*Defined as overweight (85th to <95th percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile) according to the Korean growth charts.
†χ2- test comparing the percent of overweight and obese among children with parents at different weight status
‡This refers to the percent of mothers/fathers that are overweight and obese, regardless of household structure (i.e. living with mother only or living with both parents).
Appendix 4.Adjusted odds ratios* for childhood overweight and obese†and obesity by weight status of adults and household structure in households with children using KCDC cutoff points, KNHAES, 2007– 2010.
By KCDCOverweight and obese / Obesity
Adjusted Odds Ratio / 95% CI‡ / Adjusted Odds Ratio / 95% CI‡
Household structure / Adult weight status
Living with both parents / Neither parent overweight/obese / Referent / Referent
Only Mother overweight/obese / 1.7§ / 1.27-2.22 / 1.8 / 1.21-2.61
Only Father overweight/obese / 1.6 / 1.35-1.98 / 1.7 / 1.30-2.25
Both parents overweight/obese / 3.9 / 2.97-5.12 / 4.6 / 3.22-6.44
Living with only mother / Mother normal weight / Referent / Referent
Mother overweight/obese / 2.4 / 1.39-4.30 / 2.1 / 0.97-4.67
Living with only father / Father normal weight / Referent / Referent
Father overweight/obese / 2.4 / 0.85-6.58 / 2.3 / 0.66-8.05
Living with only grandparent / Grandparent normal weight / Referent / Referent
Grandparent overweight/obese / 1.9 / 0.98-3.79 / 1.5 / 0.69-3.41
Sociodemographic Factors
Sex / Female / Referent / Referent
Male / 1.2 / 1.05-1.45 / 1.7 / 1.33-2.12
Age / 2-6 y / Referent / Referent
7-12 y / 1.4 / 1.16-1.73 / 1.1 / 0.79-1.42
Appendix 4 continued
By KCDC
Overweight/obese / Obesity
Adjusted Odds Ratio / 95% CI‡ / Adjusted Odds Ratio / 95% CI‡
Age
13-18 y / 1.0 / 0.83-1.30 / 1.6 / 1.22-2.17
Income|| / High (250%>=) / Referent / Referent
Middle (120-250%) / 1.0 / 0.81-1.19 / 1.0 / 0.78-1.33
Low (<120%) / 1.3 / 0.97-1.74 / 1.5 / 1.08-2.06
Region¶ / Rural / Referent / Referent
Small City / 0.9 / 0.69-1.14 / 0.9 / 0.64-1.19
Large City / 1.1 / 0.83-1.37 / 1.0 / 0.71-1.32
Education / <High school diploma / Referent / Referent
≥High school diploma / 1.0 / 0.68-1.45 / 1.2 / 0.73-1.92
Household size / 1.0 / 0.94-1.12 / 1.0 / 0.90-1.18
*Adjusted for child’s gender, age, household residence [large city, small city, rural], highest education of adult in household [≥12years vs. <12years], and household income [ 250%≥ minimum cost of living, 120%≤ to 250%< minimum cost of living, 250%< minimum cost of living]
†Defined as overweight (85th to <95th percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile) according to the Korean growth charts.
‡CI denotes confidence interval.
§Values in bold indicate statistical significance, p< 0.05, based on the 95% confidence interval.
||Calculated values based on Minimum Cost of Living (MCL) of each year. A family is considered poor if its income falls below MCL determined by government as poverty guideline.
¶Large City: Cities with population size bigger than a million. Small City: Cities with population size 50 thousands to million. Rural: Villages and towns with population size smaller than 50 thousands.