Bruno Tambasco

Period 3

04/07/09

AP World History

Mr. Marshall

DBQ World War 1 (2) (Mock DBQ)

“World War I ended the progress humans had been making for the prior 100 years.”

- Assess the validity of this statement.

Check-off list

Thesis

Historical Context

Analysis

Rule of Three

5 Groupings

4 Additional Documents

10 Point of Views

10 Reliability of Documents

All 10 Documents were used

Different Sprite Categories for each Grouping

5 Additional Information

Body Paragraphs begin with Topic Sentence

Segue/Closure

2 Long-Term Effects

2 Short-Term Effects

Transitions

Minimum 5 body paragraphs (Total of 7)

Compare and Contrast of Documents

Profound Thesis Statement

DBQ answers all parts of the question

Shows change over time

Time is mentioned throughout the DBQ

Compare and Contrast of Groupings

2 or more vs. 2 or more documents per grouping

-Cover Page (with heading)

-Bibliography Included (MLA Style)

-5 minimum sources

(Background Information) From 1740 to 1914 the world had been undergoing an Industrial Revolution and political revolutions throughout the world improving the standard of living of people throughout the world until the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.(Spodek 602) (Short-Term Effect) The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was what caused the chaos throughout Europe that would lead to the declaration of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia(Spodek 603) (Short-Term Effect) And this battle that was simply supposed to be between Austria-Hungary and Serbia led to the involvements of other countries such as Germany and Russia due to alliances that had previously been made. (Change Over Time) Before the war, the world was undergoing development but by the end of the war the world already started taking a downturn and all human progress in urbanizing had been destroyed by bombardments and invasions. (Bulliet 740) (Thesis) From 1914 to 1919, the First World War changed Europe socially by developing education, and increasing the role of women and minorities, economically by leading to an economic recession up to 1922, and politically by leading to new dictatorships starting with Lenin’s communist Russia in 1917 therefore ending all the progress made by humans before the War such as establishing domocratic governments. (Segue) One of the many differences clearly found in these documents would be the political aspects of the authors of the document for they didn’t see the war as something that they needed to solve their problems while others clearly show the need for war.

(Topic Sentence) Even though most countries ended up joining the war by 1918, different people had different views about the war and not all people found the war to be necessary. (Grouping 1 Political) While some documents show the need for a war or a revolution, other docments show how harsh and demeaning it was creating irony within the documents. (Docs 7,3,8,5,2 vs. Docs 10,4).(Grouping Contrast) While Hitler’s book Mein Kampf clearly shows the need for war and how the Jews are the sources of all attacks on Germany, Remarque’s book All Quiet on the Western Front clearly states that he is against war and has hatred against the war even though these are two paople who share nationality. (Doc 4 vs. Doc 2)(Point of View Doc4) Adolf Hitler sees the Jews as the source of all attacks against Germany and that they all should be punished and should suffer for causing so many problems to Germany.(Doc 4) (Fact 1) Mein Kempf, a book written by Adolf Hitler describing his views on life war and facism is a very important document and one of the only documents written by Adolf Hitler that were not burned nor destroyed during the Second World War and it shows his want to destroy all of a human race.(Doc 4)(Point of View Doc 8) This soldier sees that even at times where there should be peace and tranquility, there is stilll worries in the battlefield and even though there are songs of joy there are also sounds of bombs and machine guns to worry the soldiers. .(Doc 8) (Reliability Doc 4) Mein Kempf is one of the most reliable and most rare documents that will ever exist for it is a written proof that Hitler lived and it shows his thiughts and views on the outside world. .(Doc 4) (Fact 2) This letter from a soldier in World War I provided as one of the documents describes the suffering of the human race even during Christmas Eve, a time where there should only be peace and tranquility.(Doc 8) (Reliablity Doc 8) This is a very reliable and useful document for this purpose because it is the opinion of a civilian rather than the opinion of a political leader which is less biased and more honest. .(Doc 8) (Fact 3) The melancholy expressed during the times of war by the soldiers and political leaders who wanted to change their countries, just like Lenin, provide evidence that with the war and political changes, some countries were going to suffer a lot and take a long time to recover from their fall during the Great War. (Spodek 603)(Additional Info) At the beginning of the 20th century Europeans believed they were heading for a kind of high plateau, but insead Europe stumpled in 1914 into disaster. (Palmer 677) (Segue) These political differences arealso similarily expressed in the point of views of historians toward the Great War and even the point of view of those who took part in World War I from 1914-1919.

(Topic Sentence) Not only were there political differences in the world during the time of war, the points of view also varied and depended on their point of reference, meaning that if they were a soldier they probably found the war terrifying but if they were the general of a winning army they saw it as an opportunity to get promoted.(Grouping 2 Point of View) While some of these documents are being looked from the aspect of a political leader, there are also documents from civilians and soldier of World War I. (Docs 3,10,4 vs. Docs 7,5,2,8) (Grouping 2 Contrast) For example, the Kellog-Briand pact was created by two political leaders who are not really threatened by the war and are safe from death while the letter from a German soldier is written from a soldier’s point of view who feels threatened of dying even during Christmas night.(Doc 8 vs. Doc 3)(Point of View Doc 2) Remarque saw the World War as a period of suffering and harsh treatement for everyone especially those involved with the wars such as soldiers and military leaders. (Doc 2) (Fact 1) All Quiet on the Western Front shows the suffering and mistreatement of those who took part of World War I by describing the life of a fictional soldier and describing all his suffering while living in the Western Front. (Doc 2) (Additional Doc) The Communist Manifesto would be a great document to show the ways of thinking of communist leaders and the lifestyle in 1848 before World War I because Engels and Marx wrote this book describing their views on fascism. (Marx & Engels 53) (Reliability Doc 2) This is a fctional story but it is still reliable due to the fact that it was written by an actual soldier of World War I who claims the book to be based on a true story. .(Doc 2) (Fact 2) World War I had become notorious for its trench warfare in which soldiers tdug to use the ground as shield but some soldiers died there which led to a terrible smell along with the cold, the tension and the humidity. (Spodek 604) (Point of View Doc 1) The creator of this chart saw the twentieth century as a major time period for change in nations and for communist revolutions. .(Doc 1) (Fact 3) This chart shows when and who established communism in countries of western Europe and Asia like Mussolini made Italy fascist in 1922 and Lenin made Russia communist in 1917 which lowered the standards of living and killed many people in those nations.(Doc 1) (Reliability Doc 1) This document is not reliable even though it is a chart based on historical dates, and that is because it was written by a modern historian researching about revolutions and communist leaders.(Doc 1) (Additional Info) The first years after the war were troubled and both the victors and losers faced serious reconversions in recovering including the homeless and unemployed veterans who were psycholgically restless which led to a postwar depression in 1922.(Palmer 763) (Segue) Especially with the domination of the new political leaders, the social life of all the countries that were taken over by fascist or communist leaders changed due to the new government.

(Topic Sentence) Socially, the majority of civilians participated in the war as soldiers and suffered in warfare and really started to hate the political leaders from their country who had decided to join the war but the majority,which were the political leaders, really didn’t see any major issues with fighting the war. (Grouping Social) While some of these documents show the lifestyle of the minorities in this peirod of War, others show the lifestyle of common civilians and soldiers. (Docs 9,4,10 vs. Docs 7,2,8,5) (Grouping Contrast) While Lenin talks about war as if it was something common in The Call to Power, the picture of the blind soldiers shows the suffering and the horrible effects of the war on average civilians that became soldier at the time of the war.(Doc 10 vs Doc 5) (Fact 1) the suffering of the soldiers affected by the blinding gas which was commonly xenon is shown in this picture and it caused many soldiers to abandon battlefield due to this blinding gas against the will because they wanted to fight for their countries.(Doc 5). (Point of View Doc 7) The civilian or soldier sees the war as a major act of distruction that should be avoided and that the German borbardments were a major issue to other nations and this is an image from the beginning of World War I that shows how harsh the bombardments and how distructful they were killing many soldiers and regressing areas throughout the world.(Doc 7) (Additional Info) By the war's end, four major imperial powers - Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire - had been militarily and politically defeated, with the latter two ceasing to exist as autonomous countries. (Bulliet 739) (Fact 2) Even though Germany quickly gained territorries and took control of Russian land to the east, it wasn’t able to maintain land on the Western Front and that led to Germany’s loss in the Great War. (Bulliet 742) (Reliability Doc 7) This is a reliable document because it is a picture taken at the battlefield by a civilian who witnessed the destruction of a bombardment. .(Doc 7). (Reliability Doc 9) This document is not reliable at all because it talks about estimated numbers of women working on the field and even though they are based on truth they are not exact and they are also estimated many years after the actual war took place.(Doc 9) (Fact 3) The progression of women’s rigths by showing the increasing numbers of female employment during World War I due to the need of nurses, and and other military help is shown and helped to support the statement that even though many progress had been undone, progress in the social life was still being made. (Doc 9). (Point Of View Doc 9) The creator of this chart sees women’s role in World War I vital and also increasing in numbers due to the need for extra workers like female nurses, cooks and many other jobs to provide the best treatement to local soldiers.(Doc 9).(Additional Document) Another important additional document that would be vital to assessing the validity of this statement would be a book written by Mussolini showing his ways of thinking and his opinions on World War I. (Segue) Even though these societies had many social problems in common, and only a few developments such as women’s rights from 1914-1919 to work as nurses and chefs, they were mostly written in the same time period.

(Topic Sentence) Another factor of the difference is between the social and political issues as well as point of view is that even though they were based on the times of the war, 3 documents were actually only written a decade or more after the war.. (Grouping Time Period) Some of this documents were actually taken from the period of war while others were written after the war since they were based in facts about the war. (Docs 9,4,2,1,6,3vs. Docs 10,7,5,8) (Grouping Contrast) While the maps were drawn after the period of the war showing territorial gain and loss, the picture of the destruction of Belgium was actually taken in 1918 while the war was still taking place. (Doc 7 vs Doc 6) (Reliability Doc 6) This is not a reliable document because it’s a map drawn by a modern cartogrrapher based on his knowledge in the European development and this could be biased based on the cartographers opinions.(Doc 6) (Fact 1) These two maps show how Europe changed from 1914 to 1919 by showing the unification and the separation of countries from their empires thus creating the modern map of Europe by 1919.(Doc 6) (Point of View Doc 6) The cartographer sees Europe as a continent that from 1914 to 1919 developed and unified their nations by separating from empires thus creating the nations that exist until nowadays like France, Italy, etc. .(Doc 6) (Additional Info) Germany lost 15.1% of its active male population, Austria-Hungary lost 17.1%, and France lost 10.5% and Belgium was badly damaged, as was France with 1.4 million soldiers dead, not counting other casualties. (Armstrong 242) (Fact 2) Over 70 million military personnel were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history and in a state of total war, the major combatants placed their scientific and industrial capabilities at the service of the war effort. (Spodek 605) (Point of View Doc 10) Lenin saw that revolutions were needed at the beginning of the 20th century and that the governments were going towards the wrong direction and they needed new revolutionary leaders to take control and change the path of the governments. .(Doc 10) (Fact 3) Over 15 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history(Bulliet 746) (Reliability Doc 10) This is a very reliable document since it is the actual document that was written by Lenin in the 20th century rather than a historian’s analysis on Lenin or on Lenin’s thoughts. .(Doc 10) (Additional Document) Henry Clapham’s Memoirs of an Incomplete Soldier would also be a great document to show the harsh treatements of soldiers on the western front (Andrea 377) (Segue) Not only did this documents have the time period differences that affected the point of views toward the war but the documents were also from different parts of the world which may also have led to different beliefs d point of views.