Appendix 2. Determination ofindividual surveillance systems for each exemplar withK=10 individuals and detection power ≥0.8, using appropriate surveillance system components (SSCs) with characteristics assessed by experts.
The detection capability of the SSC unit is indicated by detection probability given presence (σ); F is the sampling fraction covered by one SSC unit;
utility of SSC is defined as a function of the relative costs, σ, the sampling fraction and the relative risk of the zone in which the SSC is situated (Barrett et al. 2009). Sampling frame refers to integrated risk zones of the surveillance system deployment map in Figure 2 and deployment is across localities including; (A) Construction camp, (B) Airport, (C) LNG plant, (D)Horizontal Direct Drilling site, (E) Marine Offloading Facility (MOF), (F) Barge landing, (G) Existing camp, and (H) Oilfield base. Risk Zones 1 to 3 are indicated by Z1, Z2 and Z3.Engaged worker consists of incidental sightings made by trained workers, passive worker refers to incidental sightings made by untrained workers; workers spend the majority of their time in Zone 1. Total power of individual surveillance systems in bold. Numbers of SSCs have been capped to deal with logistical constraints, in particular Passive workers has been capped at 4000.
SSC / Detection footprint(m) / σ / Cost (hrs) / Utility of SSC / SSC units (n) / SSC units after cap / SSC units at each locality / Total SSC units (N) / Final utility of SSC unit / Total resources / Total relative resources
F
(%) / A / B / C / D / E / F / G / H
Rattus rattus^
Cage trap baited, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.01 / 1.00 / 0.05 / 645 / 688 / 75 / 4 / 391 / 6 / 11 / 52 / 27 / 126 / 692 / 0.06 / 692.0 / 0.12
Cage trap baited, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.01 / 1.00 / 0.04 / 200 / 213 / 48 / 11 / 19 / 56 / 1 / 13 / 43 / 27 / 218 / 0.04 / 218.0 / 0.04
Cage trap baited, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.01 / 1.00 / 0.01 / 4 / 5 / 1 / 4 / - / 2 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 10 / 0.01 / 10.0 / 0.00
Ink pad unbaited, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.05 / 1.00 / 0.05 / 129 / 138 / 15 / 1 / 79 / 2 / 3 / 11 / 6 / 26 / 143 / 0.06 / 143.0 / 0.02
Ink pad unbaited, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.05 / 1.00 / 0.04 / 40 / 43 / 10 / 3 / 4 / 12 / 1 / 3 / 9 / 6 / 48 / 0.05 / 48.0 / 0.01
Ink pad unbaited, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.05 / 1.00 / 0.01 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.04 / 6.0 / 0.00
Ink pad baited, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.5 / 1.00 / 0.05 / 13 / 14 / 2 / 1 / 8 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 3 / 19 / 0.08 / 19.0 / 0.00
Ink pad baited, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.5 / 1.00 / 0.04 / 4 / 5 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 10 / 0.10 / 10.0 / 0.00
Ink pad baited, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.5 / 1.00 / 0.01 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.32 / 6.0 / 0.00
Chew cards, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00433 / 0.5 / 0.50 / 0.11 / 26 / 28 / 4 / 1 / 16 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6 / 34 / 0.14 / 17.0 / 0.00
Chew cards, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.01019 / 0.5 / 0.50 / 0.08 / 8 / 9 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 14 / 0.13 / 7.0 / 0.00
Chew cards, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.06454 / 0.5 / 0.50 / 0.01 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.32 / 3.0 / 0.00
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.2 / 2.00 / 0.03 / 17 / 18 / 2 / 1 / 11 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 4 / 23 / 0.04 / 46.0 / 0.01
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.2 / 2.00 / 0.02 / 5 / 6 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 11 / 0.04 / 22.0 / 0.00
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.2 / 2.00 / 0.00 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.14 / 12.0 / 0.00
Remote camera baited, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.20 / 33 / 35 / 4 / 1 / 20 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7 / 39 / 0.24 / 9.8 / 0.00
Remote camera baited, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.15 / 10 / 11 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 15 / 0.22 / 3.8 / 0.00
Remote camera baited, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.02 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.46 / 1.5 / 0.00
Scentinel traps®, Z1 / 2,000 / 0.00087 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.20 / 33 / 35 / 4 / 1 / 20 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7 / 39 / 0.24 / 9.8 / 0.00
Scentinel traps®, Z2 / 2,000 / 0.00204 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.15 / 10 / 11 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 15 / 0.22 / 3.8 / 0.00
Scentinel traps®, Z3 / 2,000 / 0.01291 / 0.8 / 0.25 / 0.02 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.46 / 1.5 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 2), Z1 / 10,000 / 0.00087 / 0.9 / 3.00 / 0.02 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 8 / 0.27 / 24.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 2), Z2 / 10,000 / 0.00204 / 0.9 / 3.00 / 0.01 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 8 / 0.52 / 24.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 2), Z3 / 10,000 / 0.01291 / 0.9 / 3.00 / 0.00 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.97 / 18.0 / 0.00
Biologist unstructured survey, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00043 / 0.1 / 2.00 / 0.03 / 65 / 69 / 8 / 1 / 40 / 1 / 2 / 6 / 3 / 13 / 74 / 0.03 / 148.0 / 0.03
Biologist unstructured survey, Z2 / 1,000 / 0.00102 / 0.1 / 2.00 / 0.02 / 20 / 22 / 5 / 2 / 2 / 6 / 1 / 2 / 5 / 3 / 26 / 0.03 / 52.0 / 0.01
Biologist unstructured survey, Z3 / 1,000 / 0.00645 / 0.1 / 2.00 / 0.00 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 0.04 / 12.0 / 0.00
Engaged Worker, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00043 / 0.1 / 2.00 / 0.05 / 118 / 126 / 14 / 1 / 72 / 2 / 2 / 10 / 5 / 23 / 129 / 0.05 / 258.0 / 0.04
Passive Worker, Z1 / 10 / >0.00001 / 0.05 / 1.00 / 0.10 / 46859 / 4000 / 434 / 19 / 2272 / 35 / 61 / 301 / 152 / 731 / 4005 / 0.01 / 4005.0 / 0.69
Total (for R. rattus) / 0.80 / 0.9999
Mus domesticus
Elliott traps baited, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.20 / 1761 / 1857 / 202 / 9 / 1055 / 17 / 29 / 140 / 71 / 339 / 1862 / 0.21 / 372.4 / 0.02
Elliott traps baited, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.15 / 398 / 419 / 129 / 28 / - / 149 / - / - / 115 / - / 421 / 0.16 / 84.2 / 0.01
Elliott traps baited, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 0.20 / 0.02 / 10 / 11 / 1 / 8 / - / 3 / - / - / 1 / - / 13 / 0.03 / 2.6 / 0.00
Ink pad baited, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 0.30 / 0.14 / 2348 / 2476 / 269 / 12 / 1406 / 22 / 38 / 186 / 95 / 452 / 2480 / 0.15 / 744.0 / 0.05
Ink pad baited, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 0.30 / 0.11 / 530 / 559 / 172 / 37 / - / 199 / - / - / 153 / - / 561 / 0.11 / 168.3 / 0.01
Ink pad baited, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 0.30 / 0.01 / 13 / 14 / 2 / 10 / - / 4 / - / - / 1 / - / 17 / 0.02 / 5.1 / 0.00
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.02 / 89 / 93 / 11 / 1 / 53 / 1 / 2 / 7 / 4 / 17 / 96 / 0.02 / 192.0 / 0.01
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.02 / 20 / 21 / 7 / 2 / - / 8 / - / - / 6 / - / 23 / 0.02 / 46.0 / 0.00
Hair traps along tunnels baited, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 2.00 / 0.00 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 4 / 0.02 / 8.0 / 0.00
Remote camera baited, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.09 / 235 / 248 / 27 / 2 / 141 / 3 / 4 / 19 / 10 / 46 / 252 / 0.09 / 126.0 / 0.01
Remote camera baited, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.06 / 53 / 56 / 18 / 4 / - / 20 / - / - / 16 / - / 58 / 0.07 / 29.0 / 0.00
Remote camera baited, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 0.50 / 0.01 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 2 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 5 / 0.03 / 2.5 / 0.00
Scentinel traps®, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.09 / 353 / 372 / 41 / 2 / 212 / 4 / 6 / 28 / 15 / 68 / 376 / 0.09 / 188.0 / 0.01
Scentinel traps®, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.06 / 80 / 84 / 26 / 6 / - / 30 / - / - / 23 / - / 85 / 0.07 / 42.5 / 0.00
Scentinel traps®, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 0.50 / 0.01 / 2 / 3 / 1 / 3 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 6 / 0.03 / 3.0 / 0.00
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z1 / 300 / 0.00013 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.20 / 221 / 233 / 26 / 2 / 133 / 3 / 4 / 18 / 9 / 43 / 238 / 0.22 / 47.6 / 0.00
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z2 / 300 / 0.00042 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.15 / 50 / 53 / 17 / 4 / - / 19 / - / - / 15 / - / 55 / 0.17 / 11.0 / 0.00
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z3 / 300 / 0.00214 / 0.002 / 0.20 / 0.02 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 2 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 5 / 0.08 / 1.0 / 0.00
Engaged Worker, Z1 / 10 / >0.00001 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.04 / 4803 / 5064 / 549 / 23 / 2876 / 44 / 77 / 381 / 193 / 925 / 5068 / 0.04 / 10136.0 / 0.63
Passive Worker, Z1 / 10 / >0.00001 / 0.000 / 1.00 / 0.08 / 19209 / 4000 / 434 / 19 / 2272 / 35 / 61 / 301 / 152 / 731 / 4005 / 0.02 / 4005.0 / 0.25
Total (for M. domesticus) / 0.80 / 0.8317
Lepidodactylus lugubris complex,
Biologist structured survey (type 3), Z1 / 10,000 / 0.00433 / 0.004 / 3.00 / 0.08 / 3 / 5 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 10 / 0.26 / 30.0 / 0.01
Biologist structured survey (type 3), Z2 / 10,000 / 0.01398 / 0.014 / 3.00 / 0.06 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 4 / 0.33 / 12.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 3), Z3 / 10,000 / 0.07132 / 0.071 / 3.00 / 0.01 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / - / 1 / - / - / 1 / - / 4 / 0.87 / 12.0 / 0.00
Biologist unstructured survey, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00043 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.38 / 219 / 362 / 40 / 2 / 206 / 4 / 6 / 28 / 14 / 67 / 367 / 0.55 / 183.5 / 0.04
Biologist unstructured survey, Z2 / 1,000 / 0.00043 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.29 / 160 / 263 / 81 / 18 / - / 94 / - / - / 72 / - / 265 / 0.44 / 132.5 / 0.03
Engaged Worker, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00043 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.19 / 332 / 28 / 4 / 1 / 16 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6 / 34 / 0.02 / 68.0 / 0.02
Passive Worker, Z1 / 10 / >0.00001 / 0.000 / 1.00 / 0.35 / 198794 / 4000 / 434 / 19 / 2272 / 35 / 61 / 301 / 152 / 731 / 4005 / 0.00 / 4005.0 / 0.90
Total (for L. lugubris) / 0.80 / 0.9580
Litoria rubella
Biologist structured survey (type 4), Z1 / 10,000 / 0.00562 / 0.006 / 3.00 / 0.21 / 6 / 9 / 2 / 1 / 7 / - / 1 / 1 / - / - / 12 / 0.42 / 36.0 / 0.01
Biologist structured survey (type 4), Z2 / 1,000 / 0.00056 / 0.001 / 2.00 / 0.29 / 88 / 154 / 22 / 1 / 114 / - / 4 / 15 / - / - / 156 / 0.46 / 312.0 / 0.07
Biologist structured survey (type 4), Z3 / 1,000 / 0.00056 / 0.001 / 2.00 / 0.29 / 103 / 179 / 26 / 2 / 132 / - / 4 / 18 / - / - / 182 / 0.46 / 364.0 / 0.08
Passive Worker, Z1 / 10 / 0.00001 / 0.000 / 1.00 / 0.50 / 122595 / 4000 / 563 / 24 / 2947 / - / 79 / 390 / - / - / 4003 / 0.02 / 4003.0 / 0.85
Total (for L. rubella) / 0.80 / 0.8333
Cryptoblepharus ustulatus
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z1 / 100 / 0.00004 / 0.000 / 10.00 / 0.03 / 1284 / 1284 / 141 / 6 / 736 / - / 20 / 98 / 50 / 237 / 1288 / 0.03 / 12880.0 / 0.48
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z2 / 100 / 0.00010 / 0.000 / 10.00 / 0.04 / 827 / 827 / 185 / 40 / 73 / 215 / 1 / 51 / 165 / 102 / 832 / 0.04 / 8320.0 / 0.31
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z3 / 100 / 0.00037 / 0.000 / 10.00 / 0.04 / 227 / 227 / 10 / 176 / - / 27 / - / 1 / 3 / 12 / 229 / 0.04 / 2290.0 / 0.09
Biologist structured survey (type 1), Z1 / 10,000 / 0.00437 / 0.004 / 3.00 / 0.09 / 4 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 3 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 9 / 0.21 / 27.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 1), Z2 / 10,000 / 0.01019 / 0.010 / 3.00 / 0.13 / 14 / 14 / 4 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 18 / 0.17 / 54.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 1), Z3 / 10,000 / 0.03720 / 0.037 / 3.00 / 0.13 / 4 / 4 / 1 / 4 / - / 1 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 9 / 0.28 / 27.0 / 0.00
Biologist unstructured survey, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00044 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.43 / 321 / 321 / 36 / 2 / 184 / - / 5 / 25 / 13 / 60 / 325 / 0.43 / 650.0 / 0.02
Engaged Worker, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00044 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.43 / 1284 / 1284 / 141 / 6 / 736 / - / 20 / 98 / 50 / 237 / 1288 / 0.43 / 2576.0 / 0.10
Total (for C. ustulatus) / 0.80 / 0.8646
Antaresia perthensis
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z1 / 100 / 0.00004 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.30 / 16644 / 1000 / - / - / 647 / - / 18 / 86 / 44 / 208 / 1003 / 0.02 / 200.6 / 0.02
Barrier Pitfall traps, Z2 / 100 / 0.00010 / 0.000 / 0.20 / 0.26 / 5843 / 1000 / 224 / 48 / 88 / 259 / - / 61 / 199 / 123 / 1002 / 0.00 / 200.4 / 0.02
Barrier funnel traps, Z1 / 100 / 0.00004 / 0.000 / 0.30 / 0.22 / 1850 / 3649 / - / - / 2359 / - / 63 / 312 / 158 / 759 / 3651 / 0.38 / 1095.3 / 0.13
Barrier funnel traps, Z2 / 100 / 0.00010 / 0.000 / 0.30 / 0.18 / 650 / 1281 / 287 / 62 / 113 / 332 / - / 78 / 255 / 157 / 1284 / 0.32 / 385.2 / 0.04
Biologist structured survey (type 1), Z1 / 10,000 / 0.00437 / 0.004 / 3.00 / 0.02 / 2 / 4 / - / - / 3 / - / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 7 / 0.09 / 21.0 / 0.00
Biologist structured survey (type 1), Z2 / 10,000 / 0.01019 / 0.010 / 3.00 / 0.02 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 7 / 0.13 / 21.0 / 0.00
Biologist unstructured survey, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00044 / 0.000 / 0.50 / 0.14 / 333 / 657 / - / - / 425 / - / 12 / 57 / 29 / 137 / 660 / 0.25 / 330.0 / 0.04
Biologist unstructured survey, Z2 / 1,000 / 0.00102 / 0.001 / 0.50 / 0.11 / 1169 / 2306 / 516 / 111 / 203 / 597 / - / 141 / 458 / 283 / 2309 / 0.21 / 1154.5 / 0.13
Engaged Worker, Z1 / 1,000 / 0.00044 / 0.000 / 2.00 / 0.06 / 303 / 597 / - / - / 386 / - / 11 / 52 / 26 / 125 / 600 / 0.12 / 1200.0 / 0.14
Passive Worker, Z1 / 10 / >0.00001 / 0.000 / 1.00 / 0.12 / 4323 / 4000 / - / - / 2586 / - / 69 / 342 / 174 / 832 / 4003 / 0.12 / 4003.0 / 0.46
Total (for A. perthensis) / 0.80 / 0.8512
^ Data for Rattus rattushas been previously published in Jarrad et al.(In press).
References
Barrett S, Whittle P, Mengersen K and Stoklosa R (2009) Biosecurity threats: the design of surveillance systems, based on power and risk Journal of Environmental and Ecological Statistics DOI 10.1007/s10651-009-0113-4
Jarrad FC, Barrett S, Murray J, Parkes J, Stoklosa R, Mengersen K and Whittle P (In press) Improved design method for biosecurity surveillance and early detection of nonindigenous rats. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 34: