D K R S Guide to Languages

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THE DEVON KARST RESEARCH SOCIETY

REFERENCE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES | bibliographic and academic services

Plymouth, Devonshire, England, U.K.

LIBRARY GUIDE TO LANGUAGES

THE DEVON KARST RESEARCH SOCIETY

REFERENCE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES | bibliographic and academic services

Plymouth, Devonshire, England, U.K.

LIBRARY GUIDE TO LANGUAGES

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INTRODUCTION :

This short document is intended to assist the users of the Society's Library and Archives Catalogues with essential information on the Languages and the characters of the various Alphabets used in the Catalogues.

The Society's Karst- and Speleo-related Library Collections and its Archives contain many Items either written solely in a foreign language or in combination with English or other languages. This reflects the situation whereby most of the world's expertise on technical karstology and speleology originated and persisted in certain areas of the world and that original work in these specific scientific disciplines of earth-science was published within certain countries.

A major focus of karst research is centred on, and still persists, in the South-eastern European region of the Balkans, where, it is generally recognized, the multi-disciplinary science of Karstology originated as a South Slavic innovation. Later and for various reasons, certain countries of Central-Eastern Europe became greatly involved in karst research where interest extended into the North Slavic States through the international involvements of Austro-Hungary. During this period of history, Austria itself was a prime mover in developing the science in the mid 19th to very early 20th century but its contributions then dwindled throughout the 20th century, during which time karstology developed fully into the modern science that we know now, principally as a Hungarian and pan-Slavic pursuit.

This "potted history" is reflected in the many of the languages of the publications held by the Society's Library Collections and to a large extent (though not exclusively) mirrors the range of principal nations and their languages once held together within the realm and geographical influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Society's Library Collection, however, is by no means restricted to Europe. from the mid 20th century, Karstology has been increasingly and actively pursued in the Americas, Asia and indeed around the whole world.

LIBRARY COLLECTIONS - TITLES, LANGUAGES and SCRIPTS :

In the various Catalogues, the Item TITLE is always given firstly in the language of the country in which the publication was produced, followed by an English Language translation of the Item TITLE, if possible.

The Society's in-house competency with Language translation is as given in the guide to ACADEMIC SERVICES provided by the Society, in a separate document.

Please note :-

i) there are no such languages as :-

a)"Czechoslovak" (the Czech Language is very different from the Slovak Language and is more apparent in the written forms) or b) "Serbocroatian" (which is a written-only form of Serbian in the Croatian latinized alphabet and a product of the Tito régime to unify and simplify the principal language forms used in the former Yugoslavia).

ii) in common with the LATIN SCRIPT, the CYRILLIC SCRIPT also has several modified forms as used by several different countries.

The Society holds catalogued items of various formats published in the following Languages :-

LANGUAGEusing ALPHABET / SCRIPT

BOSNIANCroatian (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

BULGARIANBulgarian (Bulgaro-Cyrillic Script)

CHINESE (Mandarin)Chinese (Mandarin)

CROATIANCroatian (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

CZECHCzech (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

ENGLISHEnglish (basic Latin Script)

FRENCHModern French (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

GERMANGerman (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

GERMAN (for Austria)High German (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

HUNGARIANHungarian (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

MACEDONIAMacedonian (Macedonian Cyrillic Script)

PORTUGUESEModern Portuguese (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

POLISHPolish (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

ROMANIANRomanian (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

RUSSIANRussian (Russo-Cyrillic Script)

SERBIANSerbian (Serbo-Cyrillic Script)

SLOVAKSlovak (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

SLOVENESlovene (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

SPANISHModern Spanish (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

TURKISHModern Turkish (extended Latin Script with diacritical signs)

UKRAINIANUkrainian (Ukraino-Cyrillic Script)

WELSHWelsh (extended Latin script with diacritical signs)

ALL CATALOGUES will therefore use the following order of Alphabetic Script Characters when listing Titles, bearing in mind that where the Title begins with the Definite Article / Indefinite Article ("The" / "A" or "An") in any language, this is recognized in the alphabetic arrangement of the Titles. An exception to this arrangement may be occasionally found in the SERIALS CATALOGUE only. We list only the UPPER CASE variants for Item Title use in the WRITTEN FORM. Please remember also that individual characters may be used differently in different languages!!

The use of a single letter in many Latinic Alphabets (especially English) does not always give rise to a corresponding single sound, which is why the order of Characters below, (within each character-grouping), sometimes does not necessarily reflect similar phonetic sounds.

A À Á Â Ã Ä Å Ā Ą Ă Ǎ Ǻ А(pan-Cyrillic)

B Б

C Ç Ĉ Ċ Ц

Ć Ћ

Č Cs(Hung) Ч

D Д

Ď Dž Џ

Đ Ђ

E È É Ê Ë Ē Ĕ Ė Ę Ě Е(pan-Cyrillic)

F Ф

G Ĝ Ğ Ġ Ģ Γ

Gy(Hung)

H Ch Ĥ Ħ Х(Cyrillic)

I Ì Í Î Į Ï Ĩ Ī Ĭ İ Ĳ И

J Ĵ Ј(pan-cyrillic)

K Ķ К(pan-Cyrillic)

L Ĺ Ŀ Ł Ļ Л

Ľ Lj Ly(Hung) Љ

M М(Cyrillic)

N Ń Ņ Н (Cyrillic)

Ñ Ň Nj Ny(Hung) Њ

O Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ō Ŏ Ő(Hung) Ǒ О(pan-Cyrillic)

P П

Q (Kv)

R Ŕ Ŗ Ř Р

S Ŝ Ş Sz(Hung) С

S(Hung) Ś Š Ш

T Ţ Ŧ Т(pan-Cyrillic)

Ť Ty(Hung)

U Ù Ú Û Ü Ũ Ū Ŭ Ů Ű(Hung) Ų Ư Ǔ Ǖ Ǘ Ǚ Ǜ У

V В

W Ŵ Ẁ Ẃ Ẅ

Y Ý Ŷ Ÿ Ỵ Ỷ Ỹ

Z Ź Ż З

Ž Zs(Hung) Ж