Surface plots on CFSR Website
General Information:
The surface monitoring page displaysa set of surface variables from the CFSR. Two types of plots were produced: time series and spatial maps. Depending on the availability, validation data from other reanalyses or observations are also plotted with the CFSR. The validation data usedon the CFSR surface page include:
R1NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996)
R2NCEP/DOE reanalysis (Kanamitsu et al. 2002)
ERA40ERA-40 re-analysis (Uppala et al. 2005)
CMAPCPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (Xie and Arkin 1997)
RRNCEP North American regional reanalysis (Mesinger et al. 2006)
LBCPC soil moisture analysis with a leaky-bucket model (Fan andvan den
Dool2004)
SRBNASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB, Stackhouse et al.1999)
ISCCPISCCP clouds (Rossow and Schiffer 1999)
NOAA OLRNOAA OLR (Liebmann and Smith 1996)
GDASsea iceNCEP offline GDAS sea ice analysis.
NCDC daily SSTNCDC daily SST analysis (Reynolds et al. 2007)
GHCN_CAMSCPCLandsurface temperature analysis (Fan and Van den Dool2008)
Specific Information:
A. Time series line graphs:
(1) hourly (global mean)
Hourly global mean dry surface pressure (hPa) for a given month is shown in 6 panels,to allow for detail. Each dot corresponds to an hourly value. As intended dry pressure remains constant for 6 hours (to within Grib accuracy), then changes freely (hopefully little) when data is assimilated.
Hourly global mean precipitable water (mm or kg/m^2) for a given month is shown in 6 panels, to allow for detail. Each dot corresponds to an hourly value. Precipitable water almost always decreases during the 6 hour integration, then gets recharged by data assimilation consistent with negative E-P
(2) 6-hourly (global mean)
Six panel diagramsshows the 6 hourly analyses of global mean atmospheric mass balance components for a particular month. Top left surface pressure (hPa, or mb), left center precipitable water (mm or kg/m^2), left bottom precipitation (P) (mm/day), top right dry surface pressure (hPa, or mb), right center evaporation (E) (mm/day) and lower right E – P (mm/day)
(3) 6-hourly at 28 locations
6-hourly time series of various land surface parameters at 28 grid points for 28 variables.
(4) Daily mean (North America)
Daily-mean time series for North America for soil moisture (SOILM) and snow water equivalent (SWE). Validation data are from RR (Mesinger et al. 2006). Four statistics are plotted: bias, rms correlation, and max difference. For soil moisture, values for three layers (10-40 cm, 40-100 cm, and 100-200 cm) are plotted. Left panels are for the entire RR domain and right panels for 20N-50N.
(5) Pentad mean
Time series of pentad-mean statistics for precipitation and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Validation data are CMAP (Xie and Arkin 1997) for precipitation and NOAA satellite retrieval (Liebmann and Smith 1996) for OLR. Four statistics are plotted: bias, rms correlation, and max difference for the entire globe (top), southern hemisphere (90S-20S, second from the top), the Tropics (20S-20N, third from the top), and northern hemisphere (20N-90N, bottom).
(6) Monthly mean
Time series of monthly-mean statistics for10 variables (precipitation, total cloudiness, OLR, surface downward solar radiaton, surface downward longwave radiation, 2-meter air temperature – T2m, total soil moisture, surface evaporation, runoff, and seaice concentration).
Four statistics are plotted: bias, rms correlation, and max difference for the entire globe (top), southern hemisphere (90S-20S, second from the top), the Tropics (20S-20N, third from the top), and northern hemisphere (20N-90N, bottom). Validation data are indicated at the top of each plot.
(7) History of monthly global mean (CFSR only)
Global mean values from the CFSR for the all available months after the analysis for a month is completed. Plots are produced for the entire globe (top), southern hemisphere (90S-20S, second from the top), the Tropics (20S-20N, third from the top), and northern hemisphere (20N-90N, bottom). Black curves are for ocean and land together, red curves for land, and blue curves for ocean.
B. Horizontal maps
(1) Daily mean: soilm and swe (North America)
Daily mean soil moisture (SOILM) and snow water equivalent (SWE) for each day of the month. Left columns are from CFSR, middle columns from RR, and right columns the differences (CFSR – RR). For soil moisture, top row is for10-40 cm, middle row for 40-100 cm, and bottom row for100-200 cm).
(2) Pentad mean
Pentad mean precipitation and OLR for each pentad ending in the month. Top-left panel is from CFSR. For precipitation, top-right is CMAP, bottom-right is R2, and bottom left is CFSR minus CMAP. For OLR, top-right is CFSR minus NOAA satellite retrievals, bottom-right CFSR minus R2, and bottom left CFSR minus ERA 40 before Jul 2002 and CFSR minus R1 starting Aug 2002.
(3) Monthly mean
Spatial maps of monthly mean for precipitation, total cloudiness, OLR, surface downward solar radiation, surface downward longwave radiation, 2-meter surface air temperature (T2m), total soil moisture, surface evaporation, runoff, and sea ice concentration. For each field, the CFSR is plotted together with validation data and/or the differences between CFSR and the validation data.
Spatial maps of surface heat balance and SST errors. Individual components and SST differences between CFSR and NCDC daily SST analysis (Reynolds et al. 2007) are plotted.
Monthly mean hourly surface pressure (with the daily mean subtracted out) for the given month in a collage of 24 global maps. Each map is on the T382 Gaussian grid. In red (blue) areas pressure is higher (lower) that the daily mean. Units are hPa. Time starts in the upper left (00Z), then proceeds down to 3Z, then continues at the top of the next column of global maps etc.
The first two zonal harmonics of monthly mean hourly surface pressure (with the daily mean subtracted out) along the equator for the given month. Left figure: Along the abscissa time in hours (GMT), and amplitude along the ordinate (hPa), red for 2nd harmonics and black for 1st harmonic. Right figure: The same but for the phase (degrees longitude).
Maps of monthly mean surface pressure increment (analysis minus guess) for 0Z, 6Z, 12Z, 18Z and the daily mean. Yellow/red (blue) is for systematic pressure increase (decrease) due to data ingest. Units hPa.
Maps of monthly mean precipitable water increment (analysis minus guess) for 0Z, 6Z, 12Z, 18Z and the daily mean. Green (yellow/brown) is for systematic increase (decrease) due to data ingest.
References
Fan, Y., and H. van den Dool, 2004:ClimatePredictionCenter global monthly soil moisture data set at 0.5° resolution for 1948 to present, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D10102, doi:10.1029/2003JD004345.
Fan, Y. and H. van den Dool, 2008:A global monthly land surface air temperature analysis for 1948–present, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D01103, doi:10.1029/2007JD008470.
Kalnay and co-authors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
Kanamitsu and co-authors, 2002: NCEP--DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83 1631-1643.
Liebmann, B. and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a com plete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
Mesinger, F., and Coauthors, 2006: North American regional reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 343–360.
Reynolds, R. W., T. M. Smith, C. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey, and M. G. Schlax, 2007: Daily high-resolution blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 20, 5473-5496.
Rossow and Schiffer, 1999Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2–20.
Stackhouse Jr., P. W., Cox, S. J., Gupta, S. K., DiPasquale, R. C., and Brown, D. E., 1999: The WCRP/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Project Release 2: first results at 1 degree resolution. In 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation: A Symposium with tributes to the worksof Verner E. Suomi, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 28 June-2 July. American Meteorological Society.
Uppala and co-authors, 2005: The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
Xie, P., and P.A. Arkin, 1997: Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analyses Based on gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.