Center for Writing Across the Curriculum, Dante 202
Building an Effective Paragraph From an Outline
Adapted from Slant: Writing Essays You Want to Read, by Nicholas Leither and Barry Horwitz
How do you build an effective and logical paragraph using building blocks from your outline?
●Use the outline as a tool, not a crutch. It’s an outline – flexible and evolving. We use it as a map, but at the same time realize effective writing often takes place when we are willing to take a chance and veer off the trail. Remember to leave a few breadcrumbs; you’ll want to be certain you can find your way back.
●Maintain pliability. And remember, the process of outlining and writing changes for even the most accomplished writers. We are constantly trying to figure out which approach works best.
●Begin with Topic Sentences. These consist of topic and opinion. You can’t have one without the other. However, the remaining rules are again FLEXIBLE. Remember, placement varies, and you’ll often find that one sentence isn’t quite big enough to include everything you want to say. Feel free to expand.
●Required research should be condensed as much as possible – quotes, large chunks of information can reduce the effectiveness of an argument. We paraphrase when we have the opportunity. This gives the writer the opportunity to present the information in his or her own words.
○There are various methods of bringing text/research to your work. Block quotes, Sentence Quotes, Partial Quote, Paraphrase, and Summary. Remember to cite when necessary.
More Tips for Building Effective Paragraphs
●Paragraph structure – In order to break the rules you have to know the rules. Enjoy the process and be creative. However, sound reasoning exists behind standard paragraph structure (topic sentence followed by supporting evidence). When in doubt, start by sticking to the basics.
●Evidence is drawn from a variety of sources. Use a variety of sources, including texts, interviews, literary critiques, and newspaper/magazine articles. Be sure you are the direct source in at least of few of them. This will give an essay a unique and personalized spin.
●Explain your evidence. Research isn’t always self-explanatory. Analysis requires assistance from the writer. When assembled, a paragraph should resemble a carefully considered puzzle, all pieces forming a succinct and complete image.
●Linking one paragraph to the next - The final sentence of a well-constructed paragraph should emphasize the point just made, not transition to the next. That’s the job of a first sentence in a new paragraph. Find the clues in the previous paragraph, and allow them to dictate the next.