Conservation Management Zones of Australia
Naracoorte Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
Acknowledgements
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
Introduction
Zone at a glance
Population characteristics
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas
Zone vegetation characteristics
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
World and National Heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
Threatened endemic species
Invasive species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Major cities and towns / PopulationHorsham / 15,260
Mount Gambier / 25,207
Victor Harbour-Goolwa / 8,039
Regional centres / Population
Donald / 1,355
Kingston / 1,613
Millicent / 4,802
Naracoorte / 4,903
Penola / 1,330
Portland / 3,387
Robe / 1,021
Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions
Natural Resources SA Murray Darling Basin / SA
Natural Resources South East / SA
Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority / VIC
North Central Catchment Management Authority / VIC
Wimmera Catchment Management Authority / VIC
Top five agricultural commodities / Value (millions)
Lamb / $328
Beef / $259
Wool / $226
Cereals for grain / $221
Dairy / $176
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here) / $1,791
Climate characteristics*
Mean annual temperature / 14.2 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month / 27.4 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month / 4.4 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall / 549.2 mm
Dominant rainfall season / Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Languages spoken at homeEnglish / 93.38%
Other languages / 2.99%
Not stated / 3.58%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
Indigenous Land CouncilsSouth Australian Native Title Services:
Barengi Gadjin Land Council:
Native Title Services Victoria:
Native Title and Traditional Owners
Traditional Owners / Registered Native Title Body Corporate / Hectares / % of zone
Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC / Wotjobaluk People / 201,953 / 4.15
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC / Gunditjmara People / 77,289 / 1.59
Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013.
For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
Alexandrina Council / SA
City Of Mount Gambier / SA
Coorong Dc / SA
Dc Of Robe / SA
Kingston Dc / SA
Naracoorte Lucindale Council / SA
Tatiara DC / SA
The Dc Of Grant / SA
The Rural City Of Murray Bridge / SA
Wattle Range Council / SA
Ararat Rural City / VIC
Buloke Shire / VIC
Glenelg Shire / VIC
Hindmarsh Shire / VIC
Horsham Rural City / VIC
Northern Grampians Shire / VIC
Pyrenees Shire / VIC
West Wimmera Shire / VIC
Yarriambiack Shire / VIC
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
Ramsar wetlands / Jurisdiction / HectaresThe Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland / SA / 141327.68
Bool and Hacks Lagoons / SA / 3303.08
For more information on Ramsar please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
Bitter Swamp / VIC / 31.66 / 1, 3
Boiler Swamp System / VIC / 528.12 / 1, 2
Bool and Hacks Lagoon / SA / 3,303.27 / 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek Floodplain / VIC / 3,223.22 / 1, 2
Butchers & Salt Lakes / SA / 116.98 / 1, 3, 5
Creswick Swamp / VIC / 20.81 / 1, 3, 5
Deadmans Swamp / SA / 124.25 / 1, 3
Dergholm (Youpayang) Wetlands / VIC / 164.99 / 1, 3
Ewens Ponds / SA / 10.19 / 1, 5, 6
Friedman’s Salt Lake / VIC / 61.97 / 1,
Glenelg Estuary / VIC / 111.94 / 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Glenelg River / VIC / 2,726.17 / 1, 3, 4
Grass Flat (Telfer’s) Swamp / VIC / 116.44 / 1, 3
Hately’s Lake (Swamp) / VIC / 265.85 / 1, 3
Heards Lake / VIC / 148.97 / 4
Honans Scrub / SA / 232.63 / 1, 5
Lake Buloke Wetlands / VIC / 8,307.77 / 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lake Frome & Mullins Swamp / SA / 1,292.83 / 1, 2, 3
Lindsay-Werrikoo Wetlands / VIC / 2,311.51 / 1, 2, 3
Long Swamp / VIC / 1,045.65 / 1, 3, 5, 6
Marshes Swamp / SA / 308.09 / 1, 3, 5
Mitre Lake / VIC / 511.09 / 1, 2, 3, 4
Mundi-Selkirk Wetlands / VIC / 4,047.36 / 1, 2, 3
Naen Naen Swamp & Gum Lagoon / SA / 182.87 / 3, 5
Natimuk Lake, Natimuk Creek & Lake Wyn Wyn / VIC / 1,098.50 / 1, 3, 4
Oliver’s Swamp (Lake) / VIC / 375.88 / 1, 3, 4
Piccaninnie Ponds / SA / 187.87 / 1, 5, 6
Poocher & Mundulla Swamps / SA / 200.76 / 2, 6
Saint Marys Lake / VIC / 144.26 / 3
South East Coastal Salt Lakes / SA / 14,692.40 / 1, 3, 6
The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert / SA / 138,835.62 / 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Watervalley Wetlands / SA / 8,164.04 / 1, 3, 4
White Lake / VIC / 585.76 / 2, 3, 4
Wimmera River / VIC / 1,087.15 / 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
- It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
- It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.
- It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
- The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
- The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.
- The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
Heritage values / World or National / Heritage type / Jurisdiction / Hectares / % of zoneAustralian Fossil Mammal Sites (Naracoorte) / World and National / Natural / SA / 297.16 / 0.01
Grampians National Park (Gariwerd) / National / Natural / VIC / 941.19 / 0.02
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
Major National Reserve System propertiesName / Property type / IUCN category / Jurisdiction / Hectares / % of zone
Little Desert / National Park / II / VIC / 131,406 / 2.70
Coorong / National Park / II / SA / 48,124 / 0.99
Ngarkat / Conservation Park / IA / SA / 26,968 / 0.55
Lower Glenelg / National Park / II / VIC / 21,409 / 0.44
Jilpanger N.C.R. / Natural Features Reserve / IA / VIC / 12,252 / 0.25
Messent / Conservation Park / III / SA / 11,581 / 0.24
Discovery Bay
Coastal Park / Conservation Park / III / VIC / 10,410 / 0.21
Dergholm / State Park / II / VIC / 10,128 / 0.21
Canunda / National Park / VI / SA / 9,573 / 0.20
Gum Lagoon / Conservation Park / VI / SA / 8,900 / 0.18
Mount Arapiles-Tooan / State Park / II / VIC / 7,057 / 0.15
Cobboboonee / National Park / II / VIC / 6,473 / 0.13
Tooloy-Lake Mundi W.R. / Natural Features Reserve / VI / VIC / 4,122 / 0.08
Mount Boothby / Conservation Park / IA / SA / 4,094 / 0.08
Tallageira N.C.R. / Natural Features Reserve / IA / VIC / 3,751 / 0.08
Wilkin F.F.R. / Nature Conservation Reserve / IA / VIC / 3,233 / 0.07
Lake Hawdon South / Conservation Park / VI / SA / 3,174 / 0.07
Bool Lagoon / Game Reserve / VI / SA / 3,093 / 0.06
Unnamed (No.HA459) / Heritage Agreement / III / SA / 2,850 / 0.06
Martin Washpool / Conservation Park / III / SA / 2,850 / 0.06
The IUCN categories are as follows:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve / IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
Threatened ecological communitiesName / Listing status / % of total distribution* / % of zone**
Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula / Critically Endangered / 29.25 / 0.01
Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the Temperate Lowland Plains / Critically Endangered / 16.14 / 0.13
Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains / Critically Endangered / 8.53 / 0.41
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia / Endangered / 4.33 / 1.55
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland / Critically Endangered / 3.8 / 1.81
Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Murray-Darling Depression Bioregions / Endangered / 0.98 / 0.00
Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain / Critically Endangered / 0.11 / 0.06
Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia / Critically Endangered / 0.44 / 0.25
Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain / Critically Endangered / 0.85 / 0.58
Giant Kelp Marine Forests of South East Australia / Endangered / n/a / n/a
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.