Приложение 1

Conditionals: type 0/1(слайд 4)

  • Type 0 conditionals are used to express a general truth or scientific fact. In this type of conditional we can use when instead ofif.

IF-CLAUSE / MAIN CLAUSE
If/When + present simple – present simple
If I When polluted water is not filtered, it can be dangerous for our health.

(слайд 5) Type 1 conditionals are used to express a realor very probable situation in the present or future

IF-CLAUSE / MAIN CLAUSE
If + present simple – future simple, imperative, can/must/may, etc + bare infinitive
If she does well at the interview, she will get the job.
  • When the hypothesis comes before the main clause, we separate the two parts with a comma. When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then we do not use a comma to separate them.
    NOTE: With type 1 conditionals we can use unless + affirmative verb (= if + negative verb).
    She will not speak to him unless he apologises. (If he doesn’t apologise, she will not speak to him.)

Conditionals: type 2 & 3(слайд 6,7)

IF-CLAUSE / MAIN CLAUSE
If + past simple / past continuous – would/could/might + bare infinitive
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exams.
If the hadn’t been studying that hard, he wouldn’t have passed his exams.
  • Type 2 conditionals (unreal present) are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present, and therefore, are unlikely to happen in the present or the future. We can us either were or was for 1st and 3 rd person singular in the if-clause. We can also use the structure If I were you, /// to give advice.
  • Conditionals are usually introduced by if. Other expressions are unless (= if not), providing provided (that), as long as, on condition (that), but for + -ing form/noun, otherwise, or else, what if, supposing, even if, only if.
    Unless she starts studying harder, she’s going to fail her exams.
    Get up now or else you’ll miss your appointment.
    NOTE: When only if begins a sentence, the subject and the verb of the verb of the main clause are inverted.
    Only if you are dressed formally, will you be allowed in.
  • When the if-clause precedes the main clause, we separate the two clauses with a comma.
    If you are feeling tired, you must rest.
    BUT: You must rest if you are feeling tired.
  • In conditionals type 2 in formal English we normally use were instead of was after «if» for all persons.

If the were/was here, things would have been different.

  • We do not normally use will, would or should in if-clauses.

If you stay up late, you can get into trouble.
(NOT: if you will stay) However will, would or should can be used in if-clauses to make a request or express annoyance, doubt, uncertainty or insistence.

If she should need help, ask her to call me. (doubt/uncertainty – I doubt that she will need help.)

If you will stop arguing, we will find a solution. (request – Please stop arguing.)

Omission of «if»

Is an be omitted in if-clauses. In this case should (cond. Type 1), were (cond. Type 2) and had (cond. Type 3) come before the subject.

If he should pass the exam, he will apply to university. – Should he pass the exam, he will apply to university.

If I had known, I would have told you. – Had I known, I would have told you.

Приложение 2

1. Match the sentences (1-4) to their purposes (a-b). How is each type of conditional formed? Check in the Grammar Reference section.

  1. If you get enough vitamins, you will stay healthy.
  2. If I were underweight, I would eat more carbohydrates.
  3. If I were you, I would see a dietician.
  4. If she hadn’t had to work late, she would have cooked dinner.
  1. to show an unreal situation in the past
  2. to give advice
  3. to show a probable situation in the future
  4. to show an unreal situation in the present/future

2.a.Compare the sentences.

  • If you aren’t on time, I’ll go without you.

Unless you’re on time, I’ll go without you.

  • When John comes, we’ll have dinner together. (= John will definitely come.)

If John comes, we’ll have dinner together. (=John may come.)

b.Write sentences in the first conditional. Use the words in brackets.

1. you eat all that chocolate/feel sick (if)

(If you eat all that chocolate, you’ll feel sick.)

2. you not have breakfast/not be able to concentrate (if)

3. she see a doctor/she not get better (unless)

4. I finish my homework/not go to the party (unless)

5. you feel cold/put on a jumper (if)

6. you get off the bus/see a large white building (when)

Приложение 3

3a.What would you do if you:

  1. got lost in the jungle?
  2. saw your favourite actor in the street?
  3. lost your purse/wallet?
  4. had a lot of money?
  5. Had a headache?
  6. were tired?

(If Igot lost in the jungle, I’d scream for help.)

b. Give advice using ’If I were you … . ’

  1. “I’m feeling really tired.”
  2. “I’ve got terribly itchy skin.”
  3. “I drink a lot otcoffe.”
  4. “I’ve put on a lot of weight recently.”

(If I were you, I’d take a nap.)

4.Put verbs in brackets into the correct tense

1)He ………….(not have) a headache if he had done to bed earlier.

2) If they …………….( set out) earlier, they wouldn`t have missed the train.

3) I wouldn`t have found the injection painful if the nurse ……..(be) gentie.

4) If he hadn`t eaten the prawns, he ……….(not have) an allergic reaction.

Game.(приложение4)

In teams, continue the sentences.

  • If you eat more …….
  • If John had enough money,……
  • If I hadn`t gone to bed so late last night, …….

Team A S1: If you eat more, you`ll feel sick.

Team A S2: If you feel sick, you won`t be able to go to football practice.