Comm. Parms < Std Input > Std Output 2> Std Error

Main Linux # commands

As of June 23, 2004

#{comm.} –parms < {std input} > {std output} 2>{std error}

Bash pipes (“| ”) image types

cat concatenate filesfgrepcmuraster

cd change directorygrofffaces

chshlprfb

compress old archiving processlessfbm

cp copy file1 file2

cpio copy filesprgem

dirsed

egrepsortgif

fgrepjpeg

fgmacpaint

find (in) dir –name filenameteemcidas

grep search for text within a file tr

gzip makes (or tests integr.) archiveniff

head prints beginning of a file uniqpbm

ifconfig

jobs list running jobsxargspcx

kill job kill specified job

lessrle

list list the current dir.sunraster

ln create a hard link

ln -s (create a symbolic link)vff

locate filename (using a snapshot)vicar

long

lpr print to line printer xbm

ls lists a generalized filexpm

man manual to readxwd

mkdir make a directory

mount a drive ( /mnt/cdrom)

mv move files or directories

nroff

pbm

pine

printenv print environment

pwd print working directory

rle

rm erases a file

rmdir remove a directory

rpm (install)

rxvt

sc kill a known job?

sc maintain a spread sheet?

tail lists records at end of file

tar (tape obs.) archive

touch creates or TopsUp date

tree dir

uncompress opposite of compress

updatedb create snapshot for locate

vdir list files in a directory

whereis -b (binary) filename

wmconfig changes config file

xloadimage

xv view a graphic

xset adjust screensaver settings

xwd

xwud

Lengthy list of Linux image types

.10x, .3d, .asc, .atk, .bg, .bmp, .brush, .cmu, .ddif, .dxb, .dvi, .epsi, .Epson, .fits,

.g3, .gif, .go, .gould, .icn, .ilbm, .img, .icr, .jpeg, .lj, .ln03, .mgr, .mitsu, .mtv, .pbm,

.pcl, .pcx, .pgm, .pi1, .pi3, .pict, .pj, .pk, .plot, .png, .pnm, .pnt, .ppm, .ps, .ptx, .qrt,

.ras, .sgi, .sir, .sixel, .spc, .spu, .tga, .tiff, .txt, .uil, .upc, .x10bm, .xbm, .xim, .xpm,

.xv, .xvpic, .xwd, .ybm, .yuv, .zeiss, .zinc

Basic Linux file system, or directory tree

/ - the root directory

|-- bin - programs co0nsidered necessary

|-- boot - Linux boot image

|-- dev - devices, like serieal ports, printers, hard drives

|-- etc - configuration files for network, x11, mail, etc.

|-- home - where users live (including sysadmin)

|-- lib - software libraries

|-- lost+found - recovered files (from 32fsck)

|-- mnt - where you mount other filesystems

| |-- cdrom

| |-- dos

| |-- flash

| ‘—floppy

|-- proc - kernel, device, process status files

|-- root - where the sysadmin works, but doesn’t live

|-- sbin - system binaries (many root-only)

|-- tmp - temp files stored, deleted from here

|-- usr - hosts much, much software, libraries

| | - - X11R6 – X Window System software

| | - - bin - more software

| | - - dict - dictionaries

| | - - doc - FAQs, HOW-Tos, software documentation

| | - - etc - software configuration files

| | - -games - fun, fun, fun!

| | - - i486-linuxaout

| | - - include - header files for programming

| | - - info - GNU information

| | - - lib - more software libraries

| | - - libexec

| | - - local - programs not on CD - ROM

| | | - - bin

| | | - - doc

| | | - - etc

| | | - - games

| | | - - info

| | | - - lib

| | | - - man

| | | - - sbin

| | | - - src - source code to programs

| | - - man - manual pages

| | - - | - - man1 . . 9n

| | - - sbin

| | - - share

| | - - src - source for Linux!!!

| | | - - linux -> linux-2.0.30

| | | - - linux-2.0.30

| | - - tmp -> . . /var/tmp

‘- - var - system logs, compressed manual pages

/Linux_card