Main Linux # commands
As of June 23, 2004
#{comm.} –parms < {std input} > {std output} 2>{std error}
Bash pipes (“| ”) image types
cat concatenate filesfgrepcmuraster
cd change directorygrofffaces
chshlprfb
compress old archiving processlessfbm
cp copy file1 file2
cpio copy filesprgem
dirsed
egrepsortgif
fgrepjpeg
fgmacpaint
find (in) dir –name filenameteemcidas
grep search for text within a file tr
gzip makes (or tests integr.) archiveniff
head prints beginning of a file uniqpbm
ifconfig
jobs list running jobsxargspcx
kill job kill specified job
lessrle
list list the current dir.sunraster
ln create a hard link
ln -s (create a symbolic link)vff
locate filename (using a snapshot)vicar
long
lpr print to line printer xbm
ls lists a generalized filexpm
man manual to readxwd
mkdir make a directory
more
mount a drive ( /mnt/cdrom)
mv move files or directories
nroff
pbm
pine
printenv print environment
ps
pwd print working directory
rle
rm erases a file
rmdir remove a directory
rpm (install)
rxvt
sc kill a known job?
sc maintain a spread sheet?
tail lists records at end of file
tar (tape obs.) archive
touch creates or TopsUp date
tree dir
uncompress opposite of compress
updatedb create snapshot for locate
vdir list files in a directory
whereis -b (binary) filename
wmconfig changes config file
xloadimage
xv view a graphic
xset adjust screensaver settings
xwd
xwud
Lengthy list of Linux image types
.10x, .3d, .asc, .atk, .bg, .bmp, .brush, .cmu, .ddif, .dxb, .dvi, .epsi, .Epson, .fits,
.g3, .gif, .go, .gould, .icn, .ilbm, .img, .icr, .jpeg, .lj, .ln03, .mgr, .mitsu, .mtv, .pbm,
.pcl, .pcx, .pgm, .pi1, .pi3, .pict, .pj, .pk, .plot, .png, .pnm, .pnt, .ppm, .ps, .ptx, .qrt,
.ras, .sgi, .sir, .sixel, .spc, .spu, .tga, .tiff, .txt, .uil, .upc, .x10bm, .xbm, .xim, .xpm,
.xv, .xvpic, .xwd, .ybm, .yuv, .zeiss, .zinc
Basic Linux file system, or directory tree
/ - the root directory
|-- bin - programs co0nsidered necessary
|-- boot - Linux boot image
|-- dev - devices, like serieal ports, printers, hard drives
|-- etc - configuration files for network, x11, mail, etc.
|-- home - where users live (including sysadmin)
|-- lib - software libraries
|-- lost+found - recovered files (from 32fsck)
|-- mnt - where you mount other filesystems
| |-- cdrom
| |-- dos
| |-- flash
| ‘—floppy
|-- proc - kernel, device, process status files
|-- root - where the sysadmin works, but doesn’t live
|-- sbin - system binaries (many root-only)
|-- tmp - temp files stored, deleted from here
|-- usr - hosts much, much software, libraries
| | - - X11R6 – X Window System software
| | - - bin - more software
| | - - dict - dictionaries
| | - - doc - FAQs, HOW-Tos, software documentation
| | - - etc - software configuration files
| | - -games - fun, fun, fun!
| | - - i486-linuxaout
| | - - include - header files for programming
| | - - info - GNU information
| | - - lib - more software libraries
| | - - libexec
| | - - local - programs not on CD - ROM
| | | - - bin
| | | - - doc
| | | - - etc
| | | - - games
| | | - - info
| | | - - lib
| | | - - man
| | | - - sbin
| | | - - src - source code to programs
| | - - man - manual pages
| | - - | - - man1 . . 9n
| | - - sbin
| | - - share
| | - - src - source for Linux!!!
| | | - - linux -> linux-2.0.30
| | | - - linux-2.0.30
| | - - tmp -> . . /var/tmp
‘- - var - system logs, compressed manual pages
/Linux_card
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