Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony-Cahill, Biochemistry 4th edition

Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

1) / The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?
A) / DNA
B) / urea
C) / glucose
D) / glycine
E) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer: B

Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry

2) / Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by “ferments” which today are called ______.
A) / proteins
B) / nucleic acids
C) / enzymes
D) / polysaccharides
E) / membranes

Answer: C

Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry

3) / Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?
A) / catalysts
B) / genetic
C) / structural
D) / buffer
E) / none of the above

Answer: C

Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry

4) / Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells
A) / chloroplast
B) / Golgi apparatus
C) / mitochondrion
D) / smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) / rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: A

Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry

5) / Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?
A) / H
B) / N
C) / P
D) / C
E) / O

Answer: C

Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

6) / Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?
A) / cellulose
B) / ribonucleic acid
C) / polypeptide
D) / deoxyribonucleic acid
E) / none of the above

Answer: A

Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

7) / Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?
A) / polypeptides
B) / ribonucleic acids
C) / deoxyribonucleic acids
D) / starch
E) / all of the above

Answer: D

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

8) / Which of the following is a role played by proteins?
A) / structural
B) / transport
C) / information signaling
D) / catalysts
E) / all of the above

Answer: E

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

9) / Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a polymeric form?
A) / amino acids
B) / carbohydrates
C) / lipids
D) / nucleotides
E) / none of the above

Answer: C

Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

10) / What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
A) / amine, carboxylic acid and ketone
B) / amine, carboxylic acid and amide
C) / amine, aldehyde and amide
D) / amine, aldehyde and ketone
E) / none of the above

Answer: B

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

11) / What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
A) / carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol
B) / carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol
C) / carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol
D) / carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol
E) / carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol

Answer: E

Difficulty: 3 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

12) / Of Koshland’s “pillars of life,” which deals specifically with the structure and function of DNA?
A) / program
B) / compartmentation
C) / energy
D) / regeneration
E) / adaptability

Answer: A

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

13) / Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
A) / a non-equilibrium, non-steady state
B) / a non-equilibrium steady state
C) / an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady state
D) / an equilibrium-controlled steady state
E) / none of the above

Answer: B

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

14) / Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true regarding life on this planet?
A) / life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of life from non-organic molecules
B) / the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic
C) / the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable for living organisms
D) / all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful
E) / none of the above

Answer: B

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

15) / While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?
A) / DNA
B) / proteins
C) / ribosomal RNA
D) / transfer RNA
E) / lipids of cell membranes

Answer: C

Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

16) / The genetic information of viruses is contained within ______.
A) / DNA
B) / DNA or RNA
C) / specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence
D) / specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence
E) / none of the above

Answer: B

Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science


Short Answer Questions

1) The molecule pyruvic acid is found at the crossroads of several biochemical pathways. Pyruvic acid is also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid. Based upon this name, draw the molecule.

Answer:

Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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