CNA – High advanced 1
1
English...At Home and Abroad
Questions: basic rules
The elevator is being fixed for the next day. During that time we regret that you will be unbearable.
Visitors are expected to complain at the office between the hours of 9 and 11 A.M. daily.
Please do not feed the animals. If you have any suitable food, please give it to the guard on duty.
Please leave your values at the front desk.
Stop - Drive Sideways
Ladies are requested not to have children in the bar.
Our wines leave you nothing to hope for.
Vocabulary
1. Here are some words from other languages which are used in English. Are there any which you also use in your language? Are there any words which come from your language?
suchi pasta pizza salon samba alpha sauna karate boutique mascara drama panorama pinata delicatessem route kindergarten delta concerto kebob glasnost junta typhoon siesta piano bungalow
2. Work in pairs. Say what the words in the box mean and where they come from.
3. Write down five English words which you often hear in your language.
Reading and Speaking
1. Look at the signs written in English from around the world. Read them and decide where you might see them. Choose from these places:
- in a hotel - in a zoo - in a laundromat - in a restaurant - in a street
2. Work in pairs. The English in the signs has a different meaning from what it intends to say. Say what each sign intends to say and what it really says.
3. Which sign do you find the most amusing? Have you come across any similary confusing signs in English or in your language?
4. Here are some questions about using English at home and abroad. Read them and think about your answers to them.
1. Have you ever been to na English-speaking country?
2. Can you meet English-speaking people in your country?
3. Where can you hear English spoken or written in your town?
4. Have you ever spoken English with a native speaker?
5. How long have you been learning English?
6. What do you like most and least about learning English?
7. Do you ever use your own language during your English lessons?
8. Do you usually ask questions during your lessons?
9. Who speakers to you most often in English? Your teacher or your fellow students?
10. Are you looking forward to your Advanced-English course?
5. Work in pairs and talk about your answers to the questions.
I've been to the State a couple of times, and...
Nota: Na ilustração vemos 2 homens, olhando para uma grade de proteção do zoologico, onde tem os seguintes animais: elefante, macaco, cobra, foca, urubu, peixe, girafa, avestruz, morcego.
6. Work in groups of three or four and make a list of your hopes and expectations for your English lessons. Use these phrases:
We hope we'll... We'd like to... We expect we'll...
When you have finished, share your ideas with the rest of the class and make a class list. You could put your hopes and expectations on a walll poster to remid you.
Grammar
Questions: basic rules
Here are some rules for forming questions.
You put the auxiliary verb before the subject in written questions and usually in spoken questions.
You put the rest of the verb after the subject.
Have you ever studied another foreign language?
When a verb has no auxiliary, you use the auxiliary do in the question, followed by an infinitive without to.
Do you write down every new word you come across?
You don't use do in questions with modal verbs or the verb be.
Can you guess what a word means from the context?
Are you looking forward to working in groups?
When you use a questions word (who, what, where, when, how), you put an auxiliary verb before the subject of the sentence, you don't use do.
What helps you the most, your textbook or your dictionary?
1. Read the rules for marking questions in the grammar box. Find one more example of each rule in Reading and Speaking activity 4.
2. Work in pairs and think of questions that you could ask your fellow students. Work with another pair and ask your questions. Then tell the rest of the class some of the things you have found out about your partners.
Speaking and Writing
1. Look through CNA High. Write five questions about the book to ask your partner.
Where's the Grammar Review?
2. Work in pairs and exchange questions. Can you answer your partner's questions?
The Grammar Review is at the back of the book.
2
The Best Way to Lear
Tag questions; negative questions;
Imperative questions; suggestions; reply questions
Sounds and Speaking
1. Read the dialogue and decide where Pat's sentences a-g below should go.
PAT (1) ___
DON Yes. In fact, I speak French and Chinese.
PAT (2) ___
DON Yes, when I was seventeen, I took Chinese for a couple of years.
PAT (3) ___
DON No, in fact, I've almost forgotten Chinese. It's easy to forget a language if you don't practice.
PAT (4) ___
DON No, I practiced when I was in Canada.
PAT (5) ___
DON For the weekend?
PAT (6) ___
DON Is it? Yeah, I guess it is. But aren't you worried about the cost?
PAT (7)
a. You speak French, don't you?
b. Well, why not? It's only a few hours from the border, isn't it?
c. Chinese! You didn't learn Chinese at school, did you?
d. I've got an idea. I'd love to go to Montreal, wouldn't you?
e. You've never visited China, have you?
f. No, it'll be fun. And you'll have plenty of opportunities to speak French, won't you?
g. And what about French? You haven't forgotten that too, have you?
2. Now listen to the dialogue. Write R if you think the intonation is rising on Pat's tag questions and F if you think the intonation on the intonation of tag questions, see the Grammar Review at the back of the book,
3. Work in pairs and act out the dialogue.
Listening
1. Look at these statements about learning a foreign language and decide if you agree with them. Work in pairs and compare your answers with your partner.
You forget a language if you don't use it.
You can learn a language outside the classroom.
The best way to learn a language is to go to the country where it is spoken.
You should always use a dictionary if you don't understand a word.
Don't worry about making mistakes; it's more important to make yourself understood.
Learning grammar is very useful.
Listening, especially to native speakers, is the most difficult skill to develop.
It's easier for children to learn a foreign language than adults.
2. Listen to Hannah, Mike, and Janet talking about how they learned a foreign language. Find out where and when they first started learning the language.
3. Work in pairs. Put the name of the speaker buy the statements in 1 that you think they would agree with.
Now listen and check.
Nota: Na ilustração tem 1 homem moreno com um ponto de exclamação em cima de sua cabeça e outro homem loiro com um ponto de interrogação segurando um dicionário em ingles.
Grammar
Tag questions
Tags after affirmative statements
You speak French, don't you?
You'll have plenty of opportunities to speak French, won't you?
Tags after negative statements
You haven't forgotten that too, have you?
You didn't learn Chinese at school, did you?
Negative questions
Aren't you worried about the cost?
Imperative questions
Take out the garbage, will you?
Reply questions
It's only a few hours. Is it? I didn't know that.
He doesn't like grammar. Doesn't he? I thought he did?
For more information, see the Grammar Review at the back of the book.
1. Look at the grammar box. How do you form the following?
1. tag questions after affirmative statements
2. tag questions after negative statements
3. tag questions after imperatives
4. negative questions
5. reply questions
2. Complete the sentences with a suitable questions word or tag.
1. Shut up, ___?
2. You haven't been waiting long, ___ ?
3. He just finished, ___ ?
4. That was great, ___ ?
5. "We have to go."
"Oh, ___ you stay longer?"
6. "___ horrible weather?"
"Yes, it is."
7. "I didn't like the movie."
" ___? I did."
8. "I'm tired."
" ___ ? You don't look tired."
3. Choose four statements from Listening activity 1 and rewrite them with tag questions. Work in pairs and ask each other your questions.
Writing and Vocabulary
1. This essay was written by a learner of English. It contains twenty-three mistakes. Mark the mistakes in the following ways.
- Underline any words which are wrong.
- Circle and arrow any words which are in the wrong position.
- Insert any words which are missing.
The first four have been done for you.
2. Work in pairs. Use these words to analyse the other mistakes in the essay.
punctuation spelling word order missing word wrong word preposition verb form noun adjective
Are there any mistakes which you often make?
3. Write an essay with the same title. When you have finished your first your draft, read through it and check that you avoided the types of mistakes mentioned in activity 2.
4. Work in pairs and exchange your essays. Do you both agree on the best way to learn English?
The Best Way to Learn English
Since many years, people have/trying to find the best way to learning a language foreign. For me, the best way is to last a long time in the country , such as England or United States.
Listening comprehention is extremely hardy and you needed to hear to English authentic. it is good to hear to the radio and wactch television in English.
Gramer is important two, so you must spend long time to learn the rules. At last, the most important thing to do is seize the opportunity to talk at peple as much as you can. Do you agree?
3 Good Behavior
Articles
Nota: Na ilustração vemos 3 mulheres sentadas na mesa tomando café e um homem muito bem vestido com terno e gravata abraçando 2 mulheres.
Greetings
(1) ___. In many parts of Latin America, greetings are often rather effusive. People sometimes shake hands sometimes kiss or embrace. In some places, women will be kissed three times on the cheek-twice in greetings and once as a wish for marriage-
5 and should not be offended by this.
Conversation
People from English-speaking countries often believe in being open, frank, and direct. Latin Americans take pride in being tactful and complimentary. Follow suit to avoid giving offense.
10 Try to learn before you go. (2) ___. To make a good impression in business or to strike up an acquaintance, however, it's essential to know something about the other person's world. For instance. Learning about soccer, a sport which is almost an obsession in most of Latin America, will give you an instant topic of conversation.
In Public
15 Some public manners and gestures don't travel. You may offend when you least intend to. For example, in conversation Latin Americans naturally tend to stand very close. Don't back away, or you might be considered snobbish and aloof.
Be careful talking with your hands. (3) ___. The cheerful "OK" sign with the thumb and index finger of the right hand in a circle is obscene in most Latin American countries.
20 Dress
(4) ___. North Americans are pretty much used to wearing what they want, but dress that is too casual is very offensive in some areas of Latin America. When selecting your travel wardrobe, remember that you rarely err by being on the conservative side.
Appointments
25 (5) ___. If someone has an appointment with you, and a friend drops in, he or she will never say to the friend, "I'm sorry, I can't see you now." Friends always come first, even if they stay three hours! Appointments can happen up to two hours after the agreed time, and no apology is deemed necessary. Frustating though it may feel, visitors cannot single-handedly change basic cultural traits such as the Latin View of time, nor should
30 they presume that their way is better. Remember, you're the visitor.
Speaking and Reading
1. Work in groups of three or four and discuss the following.
1. Have you ever been to a foreign country? If so, were there any customs that you found unusual or which made you uncomfortable?
2. Does your country have any customs that tourists find suprising?
3. Do you kiss people to greet them? If so, how many times, and when?
4. Are there any topics of conversation that visitors to you country should avoid?
5. Is punctuality important in your country?
2. Read the following passage. Decide where it comes from:
- A geography textbook.
- A guide to Latin American customs and manners.
- A novel about Latin America
3. Are any of the customs mentioned in the passage the same in your country? Do any of them surprise you?
4. Are the following statements true or false?
1. If a man kisses a woman three times, it means he wants to marry her.
2. Latin Americans tend to be more indirected than North Americans.
3. Travelers to Latin America should learn how to play soccer.
4. Most gestures mean the same in South America.
5. Latin Americans in general dress more formally than North Americans.
6. It is considered very impolite to be late for an appointment in Latin America.
5. A topic sentence is one that states the main idea of a paragraph. The rest of the paragraph adds details to develop the main idea. The topic sentence is usually the first sentence in the paragraph, but may be in the middle, or even at the end. Five topic sentences have been removed from the passage. Choose from the sentences a-f the one which fits each gaps 1-5. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
a. A visit to any country is richer when you know something about it in advance.
b. Do not make appointments before tem o'clock.
c. One of the easier ways to offend is to dress inappropriately.
d. Remember that a Latin American's sense of priorities may be different.
e. To make a good impression, it's important to know how you be greeted and to react properly.
f. Gestures mean different things in different countries.
6. Work in pairs and try to guess the meaning of the words in italics below, as they are used in the passage.
1. Follow suit to avoid giving offense (line 8)
2 ...strick up an acquaintance (line 10).
3. Some public manners and gestures don't travel (line 15)
4 ...you rarely err by being on the conservative side (line 23)
5 ...visitors cannot single-handedly change basic cultural traits (line 28).
Vocabulary and Speaking
1. Work in pairs. Look at the verbs in the box and answer the questions.
beckon blow bow chew clap cuddle frown grin hug kiss kneel laugh nod nudge pat pinch point scratch shrug smile stare stoop stretch wave wink yawn.
1. Are there any verbs which describe actions that are socially unacceptable to perform in public in your country?
You shouldn't yawn in public.
2. Which verbs describe gestures which are warm and friendly?
Cuddle
3. Which part of the body do you use to perform the actions of the verbs?
beckon: hand
2. The following conversation takes place in an office. Put the sentence in the right order.
a. Jane You must be Jim Dennis.
b. Jane I'll introduce you to everyone. Let's go and meet your boss. Ah, there she is. Sylvia, this is Jim Dennis, it's his first day. Jim, this is Dr. Sylvia Crewe.
c. Jane Sure, Jim good to meet you. Welcome to the company! My name's Jane and I'm going to show you around the office.
d. Jim How do you do, doctor.
e. Jim Hello, Jane. Thanks a lot.
f. Jim Yes, that's right, but call me Jim.
g. Sylvia Call me Sylvia, Jim. Everyone calls me Sylvia.
Welcome to the company.
h. Jim Thanks you, Sylvia
Listen and check.
3. Work in groups of three. Would a similar dialogue take place in your country?
Adapt the dialogue so that it is suitable for your country.
Now act out the dialogue.
4 Social Customs, Past and Present
The definite and indefinite article
Grammar
Here are some rules for the use of articles.
You use a/an:
- for the first mention of a singular, countable noun.
If a friend drops in ...
...a sport which is almost an obsession...
- with nouns, especially jobs, after be and become.
She became a sucessful business traveler.
You use the:
- after the first mention of a singular or plural, countable or uncountable noun.
...if a friend drops in, she will never say to the friend...
- to talk about something unique, when there is only one of something.
...the Latin view of time
...the thumb and index finger of the right hand
No article
You don't use any article
- with plural, abstract, or uncountable nouns when you talk about something in general.