Climate induced shifts in the nichesimilarity of two related spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates)

Organisms Diversity & Evolution

Ruben Iosif, Monica Papeş, Ciprian Samoilă, Dan Cogălniceanu*

*corresponding author, e-mail adress: , mobile phone: +40 741 133 695, postal address: Ovidius University Constanţa, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 1 Aleea Univesitatii, Building B, Room P43, Constanţa 900470, Romania

Table 1.Publications used to compile distribution of Pelobates syriacus as well as number of records per country and their georeferencing uncertainty. *Species range is defined as a minimum convex polygon plus an arbitrary selected buffer ring of 50 km.

No. / Country / Percent of the country occupied by species range* / Raw records / Filtered records / Georeferencing uncertainty (km) / Source
1 / Armenia / 100 / 20 / 11 / 2 / Kuzmin (2012)
3 / Bulgaria / 100 / 56 / 46 / 10 / Ugurtas et al. (2002), Cogălniceanu et al. (2008), Džukić et al. (2008)
4 / Georgia / 100 / 39 / 39 / 2 / Tarkhnishvili et al. (2009), Kuzmin (2012), Sofianidou (2012)
5 / Greece / 93.1 / 13 / 13 / 10 / Džukić et al. (2008), European Environmental Agency (2008), Sofianidou (2012)s
6 / Iran / 9.1 / 1 / 1 / 10 / GBIF
7 / Israel / 98.9 / 94 / 34 / 1 / GBIF, Munwes et al. (2011)
8 / Jordan / 100 / 3 / 3 / 10 / Sofianidou (2012)
9 / Macedonia / 100 / 40 / 28 / 10 / Ugurtas et al. (2002), Sidorovska et al. (2002), Džukić et al. (2008)
10 / Romania / 43.7 / 52 / 27 / 5 / Cogălniceanu et al. (2013)
11 / Russia / 0.3 / 6 / 6 / 2 / Kuzmin (2012)
12 / Serbia and Montenegro / 56.1 / 35 / 15 / 10 / Rot-Nikevic et al. (2001), Ugurtas et al. (2002), Sidorovska et al. (2002), Džukić et al. (2008)
13 / Turkey / 100 / 35 / 28 / 10 / Ugurtas (2001), Ugurtas et al. (2002), Džukić et al. (2008), YildirmhanBursey (2010)

Table 2.Publications used to compile distribution of Pelobates fuscus as well as number of records per country and their georeferencing uncertainty. *Species range is defined as a minimum convex polygon plus an arbitrary selected buffer ring of 50 km.

No. / Country / Percent of the country occupied by species range* / Raw records / Filtered records / Georeferencing uncertainty (km) / Source
1 / Austria / 100 / 681 / 46 / 1 - 2 /
2 / Byelarus / 100 / 4 / 4 / 1 - 10 / Borkin et al. (2003), Drobenkov et al. (2005), Kuzmin (2012)
3 / Belgium / 92.3 / 22 / 12 / 1 / PercsyPercsy (2007), GBIF (colecția RBINS)
4 / Bosnia Herzegovina / 100 / 2 / 2 / 5 / Džukić et al. (2008)
5 / Bulgaria / 77.8 / 26 / 18 / 10 / Džukić et al. (2008)
6 / Czech Republic / 100 / 233 / 233 / 10 / Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (2013), Šandera (2013)
7 / Croatia / 100 / 17 / 16 / 10 / Džukić et al. (2008)
8 / Denmark / 98.3 / 73 / 73 / 5 / Kåre (1993)
9 / Estonia / 100 / 46 / 23 / 10 / MTÜ Põhjakonn (2013), Kuzmin (2012)
10 / France / 28.1 / 11 / 9 / 1 / GBIF (Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel)
11 / Germany / 100 / 1217 / 181 / 10 / NABU - Naturschutzbund Deutschland (2012)
12 / Italy / 55.2 / 66 / 66 / 10 / Sindaco et al. (2006)
13 / Kazakhstan / 7.8 / 2 / 2 / 1 / Borkin et al. (2003), Kuzmin (2012)
14 / Latvia / 100 / 1 / 1 / 2 / Borkin et al. (2003), Kuzmin (2012)
15 / Moldova / 100 / 3 / 3 / 2 / Borkin et al. (2003), Kuzmin (2012)
16 / Netherlands / 100 / 32 / 21 / 10 / Crombaghs et al. (2009)
17 / Poland / 100 / 751 / 153 / 10 / GłowacińskiRafiński (2003)
18 / Romania / 100 / 388 / 124 / 5 / Cogălniceanu et al. (2013), Székely (2013, comunicarepersonală)
19 / Russia / 8.8 / 69 / 69 / 2 / Borkin et al. (2003), Kuzmin (2012)
20 / Serbia and Montenegro / 100 / 142 / 43 / 10 / Džukić et al. (2008), Sidorovska et al. (2002), Rot-Nikevic et al. (2001)
21 / Slovenia / 100 / 11 / 9 / 10 / Džukić et al. (2008), Vogrin (1997), Vogrin (1999)
22 / Slovakia / 100 / 6 / 6 / 10 / Baruš et al. (1992)
23 / Sweden / 15.4 / 874 / 30 / 1 / ArtDatabanken (2013)
24 / Ukraine / 100 / 14 / 12 / 1 / Borkin et al. (2003), Kuzmin (2012)
25 / Hungary / 100 / 281 / 44 / 10 / SchäfferPurger (2005), MME - Birdlife Hungary (2013)

References:

1. ArtDatabanken (2013) Pelobates fuscus distribution dataset in Sweden. Available on-line at

2. Baruš, V., Král, B., Oliva, O., Opatrný, E., Rehák, I., Rocek, Z., Roth, P., Špinar, Z., Vojtková, L. (1992) Obojživelníci - Amphibia. Academia, Praha, 340 pp.

3. Borkin, L. J., Litvinchuk, S. N., Rosanov, J. M. (2003) New data on the distribution of two cryptic forms of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) in eastern Europe. Russian Journal of Herpetology 10: 115-122.

4. Cogălniceanu, D., Samoilă, C., Tudor, M., Skolka, M. (2008) Amphibians and reptiles from the Black Sea coast area between Cape Midia and Cape Kaliakra. În M. Făgăraș (Ed.) Studii comparative privind biodiversitatea habitatelor costiere, impactul antropic şi posibilităţile de conservare şi restaurare a habitatelor de importanţă europeană dintre Capul Midia şi Capul Kaliakra, Constanța, pp. 71-89.

5. Cogălniceanu, D., Székely, P., Samoilă, C., Iosif, R., Tudor, M., Plăiașu, R., Stănescu, F., Rozylowicz, L. (2013) Diversity and distribution of amphibians in Romania. Zookeys 296: 35-57. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.296.4872.

6. Crombaghs, B. H. J. M., van Eijk, J.-L., Creemers, R. C. M. (2009) Knoflookpad Pelobates fuscus, în R. C. M. Creemers, J. J. C. W. van Delft (Eds) De amfibieën en reptielen van Nederland. Nederlandse Fauna. 9. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, European Invertebrate Survey, Nederland, Leiden.

7. Drobenkov, S. M., Novitsky, R. V., Kosova, L. V., Ryzhevich, K. K., Pikulik, M. M. (2005) The amphibians of Belarus. Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow.

8. Džukić, G., Beschkov, V., Sidorovska, V., Cogălniceanu, D., Kalezić, M. (2008) Contemporary chorology of the spadefoot toads (Pelobates spp.) in the Balkan Peninsula. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 15: 61-78.

9. European Environmental Agency (2008) Pelobates syriacus report on Implementation Measures (Article 17, Habitats Directive) - National Report of Greece for the implementation of Directive 92/43/EC during the period 2001-2006. Available on-line at

10. Głowaciński, Z. & Rafiński, J., Eds. (2003) Atlas płazów i gadów Polski. Status - Rozmieszczenie - Ochrona. Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Warszawa-Kraków, 152 (+IV plates) pp.

11. Hraoui-Bloquet, S., Sadek, R., Tron, F., Fradet, V. (2007) Distribution and ecology of amphibians in Lebanon with new data.Congres de la Societe Herpetologique de France, Strasbourg, p 32.

12. Kåre, F. (1993) Oplæg til forvaltningsplan for Danmarks padder og krybdyr. Skov- og Naturstyrelsen, Miljøministeriet, 170 pp.

13. Kuzmin, S. L. (2012) Amphibians of the former Soviet Union (in Russian). КМК Scientific Press Ltd., Moscow, 370 pp.

14. MME - Birdlife Hungary (2013) Pelobates fuscus distribution in Hungary. Available on-line at

15. MTÜ Põhjakonn (2013) Pelobates fuscus distribution in Estonia (dataset).

16. Munwes, I., Geffen, E., Friedmann, A., Tikochinski, Y., Gafny, S. (2011) Variation in repeat length and heteroplasmy of the mitochondrial DNA control region along a core–edge gradient in the eastern spadefoot toad (Pelobates syriacus). Molecular Ecology 20 (14): 2878-2887.

17. NABU - Naturschutzbund Deutschland (2012) Die Knoblauchkröte in Deutschland. Disponibil online la Accesat la 02.10.2012.

18. Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (2013) Distributional/faunistic data of Pelobates fuscus in the Czech Republic.

19. Percsy, C. & Percsy, N. (2007) Le Pélobate brun Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768), în J.-P. Jacob, C. Percsy, H. de Wavrin, E. Graitson, T. Kinet, M. Denoël, M. Paquay, N. Percsy, A. Remacle (Eds) Amphibiens et Reptiles de Wallonie. Série « Faune - Flore - Habitats » n° 2. Aves – Raînne et Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forêts et du Bois (MRW - DGRNE), Namur.

20. Rot-Nikevic, I., Sidorovska, V., Georg, D., Kalezic, M. (2001) Sexual size dimorphism and life history traits of two European Spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus and P. syriacus) in allopatry and sympatry. Annales-Ser/ hist.nat. 11: 107-120.

21. Šandera, M. (2013) Map of distribution of Pelobates fuscus in the Czech Republic. În: Zicha O. (ed.) Biological Library – BioLib. Available on-line at Accessed at 10.02.2013.

22. Schäffer, D. A. & Purger, J. J. (2005) Distribution of Common Spadefoot Toad (Pelobates fuscus) in Hungary. Állattani Közlemények 90 (1): 25-39.

23. Sidorovska, V., Ljubisavljevic, K., Džukić, G., Kalezic, M. (2002) Tadpole morphology of two spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus and P. syriacus). Spixiana 25: 183-191.

24. Sindaco, R., Doria, G., Razzetti, E., Bernini, F., Eds. (2006) Atlante degli Anfibi e dei Rettili dItalia / Atlas of Italian Amphibians and Reptiles. Societas Herpetologica Italica, Edizioni Polistampa, Firenze, 792 pp.

25. Sofianidou, T. S. (2012) Pelobates syriacus (Boetger, 1899) — Syrische Schaufelkröte, în W. Böhme (Ed.) Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 5/I Froschlurche (Anura) I (Alytidae, Bombinatoridae, Pelodytidae, Pelobatidae). Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim, pp. 563-620.

26. Tarkhnishvili, D., Serbinova, I., Gavashelishvili, A. (2009) Modelling the range of Syrian spadefoot toad (Pelobates syriacus) with combination of GIS-based approaches. Amphibia-Reptilia 30: 401-412.

27. Ugurtas, I. (2001) Variation in Pelobates syriacus of Turkey. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 139-141.

28. Ugurtas, I., Ljubisavljevic, K., Sidorovska, V., Kalezić, M., Džukić, G. (2002) Morphological differentiation of the eastern spadefoot toad (Pelobates syriacus) populations. Israel Journal of Zoology 48: 13-32.

29. Vogrin, N. (1997) A new record of the common spadefoot Pelobates fuscus fuscus (Laurenti, 1768), in Slovenia. Herpetozoa 10 (1/2): 89-90.

30. Vogrin, N. (1999) Common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus fuscus L.) occurrrence in Dolenjska, SE Slovenia. Acta Biologica Slovenica 42 (2): 35-36.

31. Yildirmhan, H. S. & Bursey, C. R. (2010) Helminth parasites of the eastern spadefoot toad, Pelobates syriacus (Pelobatidae), from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 34: 311-319.