Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science42 (2), pp. 238-245. 2008

Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) and its natural enemies

Kernasa, O.ab,Suasa-ard, W.ab,Charernsom,K.c

aNational Biological Control Research Center, Central Regional Center, P.O. Box 1, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
bDepartment of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
cDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Abstract

Biological study of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) revealed that egg eclosion was 3.10±0.46 days. The larva consisted of four instars before pupation. The mean durations of larval, pupal, male and female adults were 4.20±0.53, 8.04±0.92, 2.59±0.93 and 4.04±1.26 days, respectively. The analysis of biological life table resulted in the following biological attributes: the net reproductive rate of increase (Ro) was 23.3946; the capacity for increase (rc) was 0.1944; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.2146 and the cohort generation time (Tc) was 16.2158 days. The investigation on natural enemy complex of P. citrella was conducted in many citrus areas in Thailand. Survey carried out from July 1998 to June 2000 found 11 species of hymenopterous parasites namely Quadrastichus sp., Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan), Teleopterus sp. and Microbracon sp. as larval parasites, and Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, Sympiesis striatipes (Ashmead), Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, Eurytoma sp., Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo and Tetrastichus sp. as pupal parasites. The other natural enemies as predators were found in the larvae of Chrysoperla sp. and some spiders feeding on larvae of P. citrella. The evaluation revealed that Quadrastichus sp. was the most important larval parasite and A. citricola was the most important pupal parasite. These parasites would be used as biological control agents of P. citrella in Thailand.

Keywords: Biological life table; Biology; Hymenopterous parasites; Natural enemy complex; Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

J. Econ. Entomol85, pp. 2298-2301. 1992

Cold temperature treatment for mangosteens infested with the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Burikam, I., Sarnthoy, O., Charernsom, K., Kanno, T., Homma, H.

Abstract:

The occurrence of the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), in Thailand limits entry of mangosteens to some foreign markets because of plant quarantine regulations. Mangosteens infested with 5-d-old larvae ofB. dorsaliswere held at 5, 6, and 7°C for varying periods. At these temperatures, probit 9 (99.9968%) mOltality was estimated to occur at 19.4, 24.9, and 24.9 d, respectively. A confirmatory test of 34,490B. dorsalislarvae was conducted with no survivors after 13 d at 6°C. Criteria for shorter exposure times to cold treatment are discussed. Mangosteens could maintain their market quality up to 16 d after cold storage at 6°C for 12 d.

Mealybug and scale insects of ornamental plants and control. Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand), pp. 107. 1984

Rojanavongse, V., Charernsom, K.