Name: ______Date: ______

Circulatory System Notes

Functions:

Transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells all over the body

Transporting wastes (urea, carbon dioxide, salt) to excretory organs

Fighting disease and infections

Vocabulary:

Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the lungs

Cardiac – means anything dealing with the heart

Organs:

Heart – pumps the blood through the body

Arteries – carry blood away from the heart

Veins – Carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels, where exchange of materials occurs

Heart:

The human heart has 4 chambers

2 atria (on top)

2 ventricles (on bottom)

There are valves between the chambers, arteries and veins to keep blood in the proper compartments

Remember when looking at the heart your left is its right

Unoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the vena cava.

When the tricuspid valve opens up, the blood enters the right ventricle. The ventricle is more muscular and is used to pump the blood throughout the body.

Then the right ventricle squeezes shut it pushed the blood through the pulmonic valve.

The blood enters the pulmonary arteries which take it to the lungs.

The red blood cells have iron, which binds to oxygen and the blood releases carbon dioxide

After the blood exchanges gases in the lungs it returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

When the mitrial valve opens up the oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber because it must pump the blood through the entire body.

The left ventricle squeezes the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta.

The aorta takes the blood to other arteries that will carry the blood to all the major organs of the body.

The organs take the oxygen and from the blood

Blood picks up nutrients from the villi in the small intestine.

The now unoxygenated blood then returns to the right atrium through the vena cava to star the cycle all over again!

This cycle happens about once second! Your heart pumps 100,000 times a days and moves 2,000 gallons of blood a day!

Blood:

Your blood is made up of:

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – contain hemoglobin (which makes them red), hemoglobin allows the blood to bind to oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.

White blood cells (leukocytes) – fight infection, blood carries them to the sites of infection to kill germs in the body.

Platelets – This allows the blood to clot, when the blood is exposed to air platelets group together and mix with fibrogen to form a scab

Plasma – fluid that composes that makes up the blood, mostly water (90%), but also contains salts and minerals.

Each blood cells has certain antigens attached to it, which allows the body to recognize it

There are four different blood types:

A – has A-antigens, and B-antibodies (so if type B blood is introduced into the body it will be destroyed)

B – has B-antigens, and A-antibodies

AB – has A and B antigens, and no antibodies (universal recipient)

O – has no antigens, and A and B antibodies (universal donor)

Blood Type / Antigens / Antibodies
A
B
AB
O

Your blood will also have a Rh factor, making it negative or positive.

If you are Rh positive, you have D-antigens on the surface of your red blood cells.

If you are Rh negative you do not have these antigens.

This may become a problem during pregnancy because the baby shares blood with the mother, but the mother can be Rh negative and baby Rh positive.

Both the ABO system and Rh factors need to be taken into account when finding a donor.

Sino-Atrial Node:

In your heart you have a group of cells in your right atrium, which controls your heart beat.

You have many pacemaker cells, but only one will be active at one time.

These cells send an electric charge through the cells of the heart causing it to beat.

These are independent from the brain.

Name: ______Date: ______

Circulatory System Notes

Functions:

Transporting ______and ______to cells all over the body

Transporting ______(urea, ______, salt) to excretory organs

Fighting ______and ______

Vocabulary:

Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the ______

______– means anything dealing with the heart

Organs:

______– pumps the blood through the body

Arteries – carry blood ______from the heart

______– Carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries – ______blood vessels, where ______of materials occurs

Heart:

The ______heart has ______chambers

2 atria (on ______)

2 ______(on bottom)

There are ______between the ______, arteries, and ______to keep blood in the proper ______

Remember: when looking at the heart your left is its right and vice versa

______blood flows into the ______atrium from the ______

When the ______valve opens up, the blood enters the right ______. The ventricle is more ______and is used to pump the blood throughout the ______

Then the right ventricle squeezes ______it pushes the blood through the ______valve.

The blood enters the pulmonary ______which take it to the ______

The red blood cells have ______, which binds to ______and the blood releases ______

After the blood exchanges ______in the lungs it returns to the ______atrium through the pulmonary ______

When the mitrial ______opens up the ______blood flows from the left ______into the left ______

The left ventricle is the most ______chamber because it must pump the blood through the entire ______

The left ______squeezes the blood through the aortic ______into the ______

The aorta takes the blood to other ______that will carry the blood to all the major ______of the body.

The organs take the ______and from the blood

Blood picks up ______from the ______in the ______intestine.

The now ______blood then returns to the right ______through the ______to star the cycle all over again!

This cycle happens about once second! Your heart pumps 100,000 times a days and moves 2,000 gallons of blood a day!

Blood:

Your blood is made up of:

______blood cells (______) – contain ______(which makes them red), hemoglobin allows the blood to ______to oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.

______blood cells (______) – fight ______, blood carries them to the sites of infection to ______germs in the body.

Platelets – This allows the blood to ______, when the blood is exposed to ______platelets group together and mix with ______to form a ______

______– fluid that composes or makes up the blood, mostly ______(90%), but also contains ______and ______

Each blood cells has certain ______attached to it, which allows the body to ______it

There are ______different blood types:

A – has A-______, and ______-antibodies (so if type ______blood is introduced into the body it will be ______)

B – has _____-antigens, and A-______

AB – has ____ and ____ antigens, and ______antibodies (universal ______)

O – has ______antigens, and ______and ______antibodies (universal donor)

Blood Type / Antigens / Antibodies
A
B
AB
O

Your blood will also have a ______factor, making it ______or ______

If you are Rh positive, you have D-______on the surface of your ______blood cells.

If you are Rh ______you do not have these antigens.

This may become a problem during ______because the baby shares blood with the mother, but the mother can be Rh ______and baby Rh ______

Both the ______system and ______factors need to be taken into account when finding a ______

Sino-Atrial Node:

In your ______you have a group of cells in your ______, which controls your heart ______

You have many ______cells, but only one will be active at one time.

These cells send an ______charge through the cells of the heart causing it to ______or contract

These are ______from the ______