CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<190>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008504143
Authors Perepletchikova F. Krystal J.H. Kaufman J.
Institution
(Perepletchikova) Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Research and Education (CARE) Program, 100 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
(Perepletchikova, Krystal, Kaufman) Department of Psychiatry, YaleUniversitySchool of Medicine, United States.
(Krystal, Kaufman) NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD and Alcohol Research, West Haven, CT, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Practitioner review: Adolescent alcohol use disorders: Assessment and treatment issues.
Source
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 49(11)(pp 1131-1154), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorders in adolescents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning of research on adolescent alcohol use disorders. Methods: A summary of the alcohol assessment tools is provided, and randomized studies reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of state of the art knowledge of treatment of adolescent alcohol use disorders. Animal models of addiction are also briefly reviewed, and the value of translational research approaches, using findings from basic studies to guide the design of clinical investigations, is also highlighted. Results: Comorbidity is the rule, not the exception in adolescent alcohol use disorders. Comprehensive assessment of psychiatric and other substance use disorders, trauma experiences, and suicidality is indicated in this population to optimize selection of appropriate clinical interventions. In terms of available investigated treatments for adolescents with alcohol use disorders, Multidimensional Family Therapy and group administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapies have received the most empirical support to date. There is a paucity of research on pharmacological interventions in this patient population, and no firm treatment recommendations can be made in this area. Conclusions: Given the high rate of relapse after treatment, evaluation of combined psychosocial and pharmacological interventions, and the development of novel intervention strategies are indicated. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0021-9630
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume 49
Issue Part 11
Page 1131-1154
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <192>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008510171
Authors Schroder R. Sellman D. Frampton C. Deering D.
Institution
(Schroder, Sellman, Deering) National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
(Frampton) Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Profile of young people attending alcohol and other drug treatment services in Aotearoa, New Zealand: Clinical file search.
Source
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 42(11)(pp 963-968), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide a profile of young people attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Method: Data were gathered from a clinical file search of 184 randomly selected young people aged 13-19 years who had attended one of eight youth AOD treatment services in New Zealand during 2003 or 2004. These services represented eight of the 11 youth-specific AOD services available to youth in New Zealand. Results: Young people who attend youth-specific AOD services in New Zealand present with a range of complex needs including substance use and mental health issues, criminality, family conflict and disengagement from school. A total of 62.0% were male, 56.4% had criminal convictions, 40.6% had spent some time in Child, Youth and Family Services care and 53.8% were reported to have a coexisting substance use and mental health disorder. Low rates of reporting of substance use and mental health diagnoses in treatment files suggest that substance use and mental health disorders among this population are likely to be higher than those reported. Conclusions: This paper provides a unique profile of young people attending youth-specific AOD treatments in New Zealand. Such information is useful in informing treatment planning and funding and ensuring that service development occurs to specifically meet the complex needs of this patient group.
ISSN 0004-8674
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 42
Issue Part 11
Page 963-968
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<203>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008512911
AuthorsLowN.C. Lee S.S. Johnson J.G. Williams J.B. Harris E.S.
Institution
(Low) Department of Psychiatry, McGillUniversity, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QCH3A 1A1, Canada.
(Lee) MillsCollege, Oakland, CA, United States.
(Johnson, Williams) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
(Harris) Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The association between anxiety and alcohol versus cannabis abuse disorders among adolescents in primary care settings.
Source
Family Practice. 25(5)(pp 321-327), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
OxfordUniversity Press
Abstract
Background. Both clinical and population-based studies show that anxiety disorders and substance misuse frequently co-occur in adults, whereas among adolescents, less examination of this association has been done. Adolescence is frequently the time of substance use initiation and its subsequent interaction with anxiety disorders has not been fully explored. It is unknown in adolescents whether anxiety is more related to alcohol abuse versus cannabis abuse. In addition, as depression has been implicated in adolescents with both anxiety and substance misuse, its role in the association should also be considered. Objective. To test the association between current anxiety with alcohol versus cannabis abuse disorders. Method. Cross-sectional, clinician-administered, structured assessment - using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders - to evaluate anxiety, mood and substance abuse disorders among 632 adolescents recruited from primary care settings. Results. Results show a strong association between current anxiety and alcohol [odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.8], but not cannabis (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% CI 0.4-4.7) abuse. Conclusion. This association in adolescents reflects the importance for increased awareness of anxiety symptoms and alcohol use patterns in primary care. The lack of association of anxiety with cannabis abuse in this group may reflect differences in cannabis' anxiolytic properties or that this young group has had less exposure thus far. Given adolescence is a time of especially rapid psychosocial, hormonal and brain development, primary care may provide an opportunity for further investigation and, potentially, early screening and intervention. copyright The Author 2008. Published by OxfordUniversity Press. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0263-2136
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Family Practice
Volume 25
Issue Part 5
Page 321-327
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE2008 <217>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008489447
Authors Agrawal A. Lynskey M.T. Pergadia M.L. Bucholz K.K. Heath A.C. Martin N.G. Madden P.A.F.
Institution
(Agrawal, Lynskey, Pergadia, Bucholz, Heath, Madden) WashingtonUniversitySchool of Medicine, Department. of Psychiatry, St Louis, MO, United States.
(Martin) Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Agrawal) Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Early cannabis use and DSM-IV nicotine dependence: A twin study.
Source
Addiction. 103(11)(pp 1896-1904), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that cannabis users are at increased risk for cigarette smoking - if so, this may potentially be the single most alarming public health challenge posed by cannabis use. We examine whether cannabis use prior to age 17 years is associated with an increased likelihood of DSM-IV nicotine dependence and the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to this association. Methods: A population-based cohort of 24-36-year-old Australian male and female twins (n = 6257, 286 and 229 discordant pairs) was used. The co-twin-control method, with twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use, was used to examine whether, after controlling for genetic and familial environmental background, there was evidence for an additional influence of early cannabis use on DSM-IV nicotine dependence. Bivariate genetic models were fitted to the full data set to quantify the genetic correlation between early cannabis use and nicotine dependence. Results: The early cannabis-using twin was about twice as likely to report nicotine dependence, when compared to their co-twin who had experimented with cigarettes but had never used cannabis. Even when analyses were restricted to cannabis users, earlier age cannabis use onset conferred greater risk (1.7) for nicotine dependence than did later onset. This association was governed largely by common genetic liability to early cannabis use and nicotine dependence, as demonstrated by genetic correlations of 0.41-0.52. Conclusions: Early-onset cannabis users are at increased risk for nicotine dependence, but this risk is attributable largely to common genetic vulnerability. There is no evidence for a causal relationship between cannabis use and nicotine dependence. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 11
Page 1896-1904
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE<219>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008489435
Authors McCambridge J. Slym R.L. Strang J.
Institution
(McCambridge) Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
(McCambridge, Slym, Strang) National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
(McCambridge) Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing compared with drug information and advice for early intervention among young cannabis users.
Source
Addiction. 103(11)(pp 1809-1818), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aim: To test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in comparison with drug information and advice in opportunistically securing reductions in drug-related risk among young cannabis users not seeking help. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Eleven London Further Education colleges. Participants: A total of 326 students aged 16-19 years who smoked cannabis weekly or more frequently. Interventions: Participants were randomized to a single-session intervention of MI or drug information and advice-giving. Measurements: Cannabis use, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and harm outcomes were assessed after both 3 and 6 months. Findings: No differences were found between MI and drug information and advice, although MI fidelity was not high. There were wide-ranging individual practitioner effects on observed outcomes and a practitioner-intervention interaction was detected in relation to cannabis cessation after 3 months. Change over time was more pronounced for cannabis use than for other drug use. Conclusions: Further study of the nature and consequences of MI fidelity, and individual practitioner effects more generally, is needed. Advice may be an effective brief intervention with young cannabis users in its own right and should be evaluated further in trials. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 11
Page 1809-1818
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<228>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008461370
Authors Skara S. Pokhrel P. Weiner M.D. Sun P. Dent C.W. Sussman S.
Institution
(Skara, Pokhrel, Weiner, Sun, Dent, Sussman) Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Physical and relational aggression as predictors of drug use: Gender differences among high school students.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(12)(pp 1507-1515), 2008. Date of Publication: December 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The present study investigated the longitudinal relationships between physical and relational aggression and later drug use, as moderated by gender. Self-reported data were gathered from 2064 high school students at pretest and 1-year post-test to test the hypotheses that (1) males would engage in more physical aggression than females, whereas females would engage in more relational aggression than males; and (2) physical aggression would be a stronger drug use predictor for males and relational aggression a stronger predictor for females. Results indicated that males reported engaging in more physical aggression than females at baseline; however, females and males reported engaging in similar rates of relational aggression. After controlling for relational aggression, baseline drug use, and demographic variables, physical aggression at baseline was found to predict alcohol use 1-year later for males but not for females. After controlling for physical aggression, baseline drug use, and demographic variables, relational aggression was found to predict cigarette use and marijuana use for females but not for males. However, relational aggression was found to predict later alcohol and hard drug equally across gender. These findings suggest that both physical and relational aggression are predictive of subsequent drug use and have important implications for violence and drug use prevention intervention efforts. copyright 2008.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 12
Page 1507-1515
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication December 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<259>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008437042
Authors Harder V.S. Stuart E.A. Anthony J.C.
Institution
(Harder, Stuart) JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchool of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Anthony) MichiganStateUniversity, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States.
(Harder) 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD21205, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescent cannabis problems and young adult depression: Male-female stratified propensity score analyses.
Source
American Journal of Epidemiology. 168(6)(pp 592-601), 2008. Date of Publication: September 2008.
Publisher
OxfordUniversity Press
Abstract
Cannabis use and depression are two of the most prevalent conditions worldwide. Adolescent cannabis use is linked to depression in many studies, but the effects of adolescent cannabis involvement on young adult depression remain unclear and may differ for males versus females. In this cohort study of youth from a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area of the United States, repeated assessments from 1985 (at age 6 years) through 2002 (at age 21 years) were made for 1,494 individuals (55% female). Measured covariate differences between individuals with and without cannabis problems were controlled via propensity score techniques. The estimated risk of young adult depression for adolescents with cannabis problems was not significantly different from that for comparison adolescents for either females (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 2.3) or males (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.8, 3.6). The evidence does not support a causal association linking adolescent-onset cannabis problems with young adult depression. copyright The Author 2008. Published by the JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchool of Public Health. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0002-9262
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal of Epidemiology
Volume 168
Issue Part 6
Page 592-601
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<264>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008423455
Authors Macleod J. Hickman M. Bowen E. Alati R. Tilling K. Smith G.D.
Institution
(Macleod, Hickman, Tilling, Smith) Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
(Bowen) Department of Psychology, CoventryUniversity, Coventry, United Kingdom.
(Alati) School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
(Macleod) Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Parental drug use, early adversities, later childhood problems and children's use of tobacco and alcohol at age 10: Birth cohort study.
Source
Addiction. 103(10)(pp 1731-1743), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among children at age 10 years and to investigate possible influences on this. Design: Birth cohort study. Setting: England. Participants: A total of 6895 children provided data at age 10. Measurements: Parental tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, parental social position, children's intelligence, behavioural and emotional problems, children's tobacco and alcohol use at age 10. Findings: A total of 1.3% of children reported smoking and 1.8% reported drinking alcohol, with boys reporting higher use than girls. Parental social disadvantage was the strongest predictor of children's smoking and also predicted children's alcohol use. Some of this association appeared to be mediated through the greater experience of childhood behavioural and cognitive problems among the disadvantaged. Parental smoking and paternal alcohol use had little independent influence on offspring drug use. Postnatal, rather than prenatal, maternal alcohol use predicted children's alcohol use. Conclusions: Strategies to prevent early initiation of tobacco and alcohol use should focus upon the reduction of childhood social disadvantage and the behavioural and cognitive problems associated with this. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 10
Page 1731-1743
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<266>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008423448