Chemical Bonds and Chemical Equations Notes: Part 1

Chemical Bonds and Chemical Equations Notes: Part 1

Chemical Bonds

• Bonds between atoms are created when ______are paired up by being transferred or shared.
• Atoms tend to form bonds that will allow it to obtain a ______shell.

Two Types of Chemical Bonds:

______Bonds / ______Bonds
-Electrons are ______from one atom to another / -Electrons are ______between atoms.
- Usually occurs between a metal and nonmetal / - Usually occurs between two nonmetals

Compounds

• Compounds are formed when ______kinds of atoms are bound together chemically. Compound can be either ionic or covalent.
• Examples:

Why do these bonds occur?

• Remember: In a neutral atom the number of protons and neutrons are ______but the atom might be unhappy because it does not have a ______outer shell of electrons(8 electrons).
• All atoms want to be happy like the Nobel gases!!!!!
• How can atoms be happy?

By creating either an______bond.

If they create an ionic bond they either gain or lose an electron.

-______ion form by losing an electron

-Negative ion form by ______an electron

Groups turning Ionic...

Positive Ions (______)
Group ____ / Loses 1 electron / Ion with a +1 Charge
Group 2 / Loses ___ electrons / Ion with a +2 Charge
Group 13 / Loses 3 electrons / Ion with a _____ Charge
Negative Ions (______)
Group 15 / Gains 3 electrons / Ion with a ____ charge
Group 16 / Gains ____ electrons / Ion with a -2 charge
Group ____ / Gains 1 electron / Ions with a -1 charge

Chemical Bonds and Chemical Equations Notes: Part 2

How to name the elements when they bond...

1. Take the first element in the bond, the positive ion uses its ______name.

2. The second element in the bond, the negative ion uses the______of the elements name plus the suffix -ide.

3. Use prefixes, such as di-, and tri- to indicate the______of atoms in the compound.

• Example: ______- Hydrogen Chloride

CO2 -Carbon Dioxide

H2O- ______

NH3 -Trihydrogen Nitride

Balancing Chemical Equations

• Recall: The law of Conservation of Matter (mass). Matter ______be created or destroyed ______changed.
• A chemical equation is a way to show matter being changed from one compound to another.

For example:

H + O ------> H2O

-This equation shows when hydrogen and oxygen combine it makes water. But look closer.... In the first half of the equation you have one hydrogen and one oxygen and in the second half you have two hydrogen and one oxygen. You must ______this equation due to the law of conservation of ______. With the equation the way it is, you are saying that you created another hydrogen and you cannot create matter.

2H + O-----> H2 O

Now it is Balanced!!! Two hydrogen on each side and one oxygen on each side.

4 Types of Chemical Reactions

1. ______Replacement Reaction

- Occurs when one element replaces another element in a compound.

A + BC -----> B +AC

2. ______Replacement Reaction

- Occurs when cations of two compounds switch places.

AB + CD ----> CB + AD

3. ______Reaction

-Occurs when a single compound breaks down into simpler compounds.

AB -----> A + B

4. ______Reaction

-Occurs when two of more substances combine to form a single substance.

A + B ----> AB