Name______

Chapter 6: The American Revolution -1776-1783 (p.168-195)

Section 1: Fighting Begins in the North, Part I, pages 168-171

I.______

  1. May 10, 1775-______inPhiladelphia, hoped ______
  2. A Peace Petition
  1. ______
  2. Letter to King- assuring him that American colonists remain loyal, ask for repeal of ______.
  3. King ordered ______
  4. ______convinced war was inevitable.
  5. While waiting, colonies raised the Continental Army.
  1. Rebels Take Ticonderoga
  1. Ethan Allen- Vermont blacksmith
  2. Led well-known group of rebels- ______
  1. Planned a ______
  2. Attacked ______, British outpost on New York’s Lake Champlain
  3. Victory gave rebels supply ______
  1. ______

1. Second Continental Congress took bold step ______

  1. Named ______, Commander of the Army
  1. Advantages ______

A. Patriots-1/3______

  1. Disadvantages
  1. ______
  2. Few______
  3. Preferred to ______
  4. Population of Army-15,000 to 20,000 soldiers
  1. Advantages
  1. 0wned______
  2. Had brilliant commander, ______
  3. Knew how to survive in the wilderness.
  4. Believed in cause of freedom.
  5. Determined ______

B.The British

  1. Advantages
  1. Population of 50,000 soldiers
  2. Most powerful ______
  3. ______supported the ______
  4. Well-trained soldiers
  5. Officers with battle experience
  1. Disadvantages
  1. Far away ______
  2. In unfamiliar territory
  3. Travel ______across Atlantic ocean to fight
  4. Fighting in the wilderness

3. Loyalists

a. More in ______than in ______

b. Hard times, Patriots ______

c. Fled ______

d. Lost ______

III ______

A.The Battle of Bunker Hill

1. American Colonel ______

2.Troops marched to ______.

3. ______was a better location, ordered men to move there.

3. Fired on ______

4. British ______, ferried ______to attach rebels’ position.

5. ______forced to retreat on first and second attack

6. ______took both ______and ______, paid price ______lay dead.

7. Americans lost about ______

8. ______--first major battle of ______.

  1. ______.
  1. George Washington turned ______
  2. Cannons were moved from ______by the ______and placed on ______
  3. ______left on March 1776
  4. ______and British left Boston.
  5. ______ordered ______
  6. Blockade-
  7. Also ______used. Meaning-______

Section 2: The Colonies Declare Independence (173-176)

  1. Common Sense
  1. Colonist believed ______
  2. King George III refused to honor protests.
  3. Saw colonists as troublemakers.
  4. Journalist and writer ______encourages to move toward freedom
  1. ______- Pamphlet declaring American colonies______
  1. Referred King George III as the “Royal Brute of Great Britian”
  2. Called on colonists to use common sense and become independent from Great Britain.
  3. “The sun never shined on a cause more just.”
  1. Congress Voted for Independence

A. Independence began ______

B. Lee’s Resolutions

  1. June 7, 1776- delegate ______declared independence from Great Britain.
  1. ______

1.______faced difficult decision.

2. Penalty for treason was death. Would be called a ______

  1. Was independence worth such a price?
  2. Supporters believed it was.
  3. Supporters formed a committee
  1. Members- ______

______

2. Chose ______to write the Declaration of Independence

  1. Signing the Document
  1. ______the declaration and read it to ______.
  2. On ______, Continental voted that all “______

______.”

  1. ______- Delegates approved ______.
  2. ______, who was ______signed document in large, bold letters.
  3. His quote of , “______.”
  4. As ______, crowds cheered, rang bells, and fired guns in celebration. Colonist even tore down the ______

______.

  1. The Declaration of Independence
  2. Influence by philosopher, John Locke

1.______-introduction explaining why Congress drew up this document.

2.1st part- ______, lists of rights of citizens

3.Jefferson wrote: “______

______

______.”

4.______-2nd part-______

______

5.______-final section- Declares colonies are “free and independent states” with full power to______

______

Section 3: Struggles in the Middle States, (181-185)

I.The British Take New York

A. ______led fewer than ______forces south from ______to ______. He also had no ______.

B. General Howe landed on ______. Also called the Battle ______where 1400 ______

______. The rest retreated and the British pursued.

C. Washington fought a series of battles with ______army. He crossed the ______into ______, retreated across the ______

into ______.

D. ______was a volunteer who went behind British lines and was seized by the British. He was ______the next morning. His quote was, “ ______

______”.

II. Washington Turns Retreat into Victory in New Jersey

A. Washington’s troops were ______and ______as he described them.

B. On ______, the Americans surprised the ______and took most ______. This was called the ______.

C. Washington used a smart idea to fool Cornwallis, he ______

______.

D. The victories at ______and ______gave Americans new hope.

III. ______

A. Burgoyne’s Plan

1. Three British armies were to march on Albany, New York to crush American forces. This would ______.

2. Gen. Howe captured ______and was then supposed to march ______.

However, he ______.

3. General Howe attacked Philadelphia rather than meet Burgoyne at Albany.Arnold and his men turned Burgoyne and St. Leger back.

B. Victory at Saratoga

1. Burgoyne reached ______where he ______.

At the ______1000 British were captured or wounded because Burgoyne sent men to get food and horses.

2. More trouble came when the ______came to help the Americans. They were ______and Burgoyne ______on ______. This marked the first major defeat of British army and a ______.

C. Aid from Europe

1. ______was in France asking for aid from ______.

2. Louis XVI was cautious about joining the war unless ______.

3. The French were convinced by the ______. The French became the first nation to sign a ______.

4. Two other countries joined later, ______and ______.

5. Marquis de Lafayette a ______brought trained soldiers to help. One of ______trusted friends.

6. Baron Friedrich von Steuben from ______.

a. Taught soldiers how to work as a unit.

b. Taught them how to make advances.

c. Taught them how to retreat.

d. Taught them how to carry them weapons and bayonets.

e. Had a good sense of humor to keep troops in good spirits

IV. The Hardships of Valley Forge

A. Brutal Winter at ______was a harsh winter during the years of ______.

1. American soldiers had little protection from freezing temperatures.

2. Some shoeless and dressed in rags.

3. Built small logs huts.

4. Slept on cold muddy floors or straw mattresses crawling with lice.

5. Suffered from disease and frostbite.

6. Food consisted of firecakes-mixture of flour and water.

7. Spring came and 2,500 soldiers had died from disease, exposure to cold, and each of food.

8. Women collected ______.

9. Drills by ______help train the soldiers during this time.

Name______

Section 4: Fighting for Liberty on Many Fronts (186-189)

I. Women Take Part in the War

A. Responsibilities

1. ______crops.

2. Other made ______.

3. One woman was known for ______.

B. Helping the Army

1. Some ______husbands to army camps.

a. Cooked, sewed, carried ammunition, or ______.

b. Made soap, gathered rags for bandages, and made coats and shirts.

c. Melted down pewter pitchers and cups for bullets.

d. ______sewed flags for Washington’s army.

3. Women-Mary Ludwig Hays McCulley spent seven years; nicknamed “Moll of the

Pitcher” or Molly Pitcher.

a. Because ______.

b. Assisted men at cannons.

c. Helped wounded.

d. Battle of Monmouth-1778; Her husband was ______; she took his place

and operated the ______.

1. 40 years later, she was granted $50 per year pension for her services.

2. One year later, she died.

II. African ______-

A. Population of colonies was 2.5 million, ______were African Americans.

1. Slaveholders were afraid to give guns to enslaved or free Africans.

2. The Continental Congress refused ______join the army.

3. British offered ______in return for their military services.

2. 1,000 enslaved joined British and gained their freedom.

3. ______changed to encourage free or enslaved Africans to fight.

B. Joining the Fight

1. African Americans-Crispus Attucks was one of first Americans to die for

the Revolutionary Cause.

2. ______African Americans served as soldiers, minutement, scouts, guards, sailors, spies, laborers, fifers, and drummers.

3. ______and ______served as spies.

4. Choices: Join American Army ______

______

C. Hoping for Freedom

1. Meaningful for African Americans to fight because some won their freedom.

2. Nearly ______- offered British Captain services.

3. Some white leaders hoped ______.

2. Northern states- ______, ______, ______all put an end to slavery in their states.

3. In South, most enslaved were not freed after the war.

III.The War on the Western Frontier

A. Indian Allies of the British

B. At first, Native Americans did not choose sides.

C. British had support of ______, ______, ______, and ______.

B. Later, most joined British making them believe they would turn away white settlers moving onto their lands.

C. Victory at Vincennes

1. ______- led volunteers on a raid with help of ______.

2. Made a surprise attack at British Fort of Vincennes in present-day Indiana.

3. Loss weakened British in OhioValley.

IV.Fighting at Sea

A. Congress established Continental Navy in 1775.

1. Few ships.

2. Protect their ports, colonists relied on privateers-

a. Armed private ships.

B. John Paul Jones-

1. ______1779- won a victory capturing British warship ______.

a. Cannonballs tore through Jones’ ship.

b. British demanded Jones to surrender.

c. Captain Jones’ reply, “I have not yet begun to fight”.

d. British were defeated.

3. Jones became known as the “Father of the American Navy.”

Section 5: Winning the War in the South (191-193)

I. Fighting ______

A. Main Battleground of the war in 1778 was the ______.

B. ______, new British commander-in-chief hoped ______would join them.

C. December 1778, British seized ______in GA and 2 other towns in SC.

D. Patriots versus Loyalists

1. British troops and ______gained a hundred enemies because of their attacks of burning farms, killing civilians, and torturing prisioners.

E. Greene and Morgan Help Turn the Tide

1. Greene’s ability was only second to ______.

a. Took command of Continental Army in ______and engaged the British on the ______.

b. Cornwallis wore his men out ______.

2. Battle of Cowpens

a. 2 Patriot Daring Generals- ______

b. Used clever tactic by ______into a front line & a rear line. Ordered ______to retreat and British followed them into a trap.

c. ______- Morgan defeated British.

d. Bloodiest battle where Greene & Morgan defeated British known as the ______.

3. Hit and Run

a. ______- Francis Marion

1. Slept days and traveled nights, used tactics known as ______.

2. Known for imaginative war tactics.

3. Led his troops in quick strikes.

4. Cut off enemy lines and supply routes.

5. Run away before getting captured

6. These raids kept British off balance.

II. Victory at Yorktown

A. An American Traitor

1. Arnold Joins the ______

1. He was one of Washington’s most trusted generals.

2. He had been caught spying for the British.

3. 1780- Arnold tried to turn American fort-West Point over to the British.

a. 3 Patriots intercepted.

b. Gave Washington evidence by Arnold’s own handwriting.

c. Arnold became a general in British army.

d. Ordered to be ______, but was never ______.

B. Battle at Yorktown

1. ______ordered troops to attack ______and Gov. Thomas Jefferson had to flee.

2. Lafayette was able to detain Cornwallis

3. Cornwallis was supposed to send his ______to ______, but disregarded an order and retreated to ______.

4. ______had an opportunity to trap ______.

5. A French fleet under ______closed the trap and he could not get supplies or escape.

C. The British Surrender

1. Cornwallis held out, but finally ______on ______.

2. This became known as the ______.

3. Redcoats laid down their weapons as the band played “______”.

III. The Peace Treaty

A. In ______, it was a shock.

B. 4 men sent to work out a treaty, ______, ______,

______, and ______.

C. ______-recognized the United States as an independent nation.

D. ______-ratified Treaty of Paris.

IV. Why the Americans Won

A. Americans familiar with ______, using best ______and best ______to fight

B. Foreign Help

1. ______attacked British along ______and in the ______.

2. ______money paid for supplies.

e. Won the ______because of ______.

C. American’s Growing Patriotism

1. Washington’s troops began to learn how to ______, ______, and ______.

2. ______gained respect from all.

D. Washington’s Farewell

1. Washington retreated to his home in ______.