Name______Per.____ Date______TEACHER COPY

CHAPTERS 1 – 4 UNIT I: LESSON I

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY INTRO

GEOGRAPHY IS: the study of people, their environment, and the resources available to them.

5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY:

place

movement region

locationhuman-environment

interaction

HISTORY IS:

  • History is based on 3 factors, each one affecting the other two:
  • Economics
  • Society
  • Politics

TRAITS OF PREHISTORIC PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE) AGE:

  • nomadic
  • spoken language
  • wore clothing
  • technical(making and using tools)
  • caves/overhangs as shelters
  • built fires for light, shelter, protection, and lastly, cooking
  • belief in an afterlife

NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE) AGE INTRODUCED AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION:

1

BASIC FEATURES OF CIVILIZATIONS:

  • Farmers cultivated lands along river valleys, producing surplus food >
  • Surpluses caused populations to expand >
  • As populations grew, villages swelled into cities.

EFFECTS OF THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION:

  • Changed the way humans lived
  • Use of agriculture allowed humans to develop permanent settlements, social classes, & new technologies
  • Some of these early groups settled in the fertile valleys of the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yellow, and Indus Rivers
  • This resulted in the rise of great civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India
  • In the Americas, groups of Asian hunters crossed a land-bridge connecting Asia and Alaska along what is now known as the Bering Strait. By spreading southwards, they settled along lakes and rivers where they experienced their own Neolithic Revolution in which they learned to grow maize.

A CIVILIZATION:

  • is a complex, highly organizedsocialorder with the following 5traits:

1). Cities(centers of trade for a larger area)

2). Advancedtechnology (use of metals)

3). Specializedworkers(other than farmers)

4). Formofwriting

5). Complex institutions:

a. form of government

b. organized religion

CULTURAL DIFFUSION

IS:

INDIVIDUAL YEARS OF DATING HISTORY:

  • B.C. = b/4 the birth of Christ, or B.C.E. (b/4 the Common Era)
  • A.D. = “AnnoDomini” (since the birth of Christ), or C.E.(since the Common Era)

AGES OR ERAS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION:

  • Ancient Times: from 4000 B.C. to when the fall of the Roman Empire occurs around A.D. 500

Medieval Times: A.D. 500 (from fall of Rome) to A.D. 1400 when the ItalianRenaissancebegins

  • ModernTimes: A.D. 1400 (Italian Renaissance begins to the present)

2

NAME______PER. _____ DATE ______

On the lines below, create your own civilization using the five major traits that

determine when a society becomes “civilized”:

NAME OF YOUR CIVILIZATION: ______

WHERE IS YOUR CIVILIZATION LOCATED:______

1. NAME THREE MAJOR CITIES (CENTERS OF TRADE), ALONG WHICH RIVER

VALLEYS(?), AND THEIR AVAILABLE RESOURCES WITHIN YOUR CIVILIZATION:

______

______

2. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (KIND OF METALS FOUND IN YOUR CIVILIZATION):

______

______

3. LIST YOUR SPECIALIZED WORKERS (NOT FARMERS): ______

______

4. FORM OF WRITING: ______

SHOW AN EXAMPLE OF YOUR WRITING:______

5. COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS:

  1. YOUR CIVILIZATION’S FORM OF GOVERNMENT: ______;

KIND OF LEADER:______(SEE YOUR VOCABULARY TERMS

SHEET)

B. ORGANIZED RELIGION: POLYTHEISTIC (BELIEF IN MANY GODS) OR

MONOTHESTIC (BELIEF IN ONE GOD):______

DRAW YOUR CIVILIZATION’S BOUNDARY LINES: