Chapter 7: The American Revolution (1776-1783)
Section 4: The War Is Won
The French Arrive
•July 1780- French ______appeared off the coast of Newport, Rhode Island
•Carrying needed aid: soldiers commanded by Comte de ______
•The British soon arrived and ______the French troops
•Autumn 1780- Washington waited for a ______fleet of French ships
•Washington also kept an eye on the British army in ______that General Clinton commanded
•Washington planned to ______the British when the second French fleet arrived
•The French fleet did not set ______until summer of 1781
Washington’s Plans
•Washington heard that Cornwallis was camped at ______, Virginia
•______kept them on the Yorktown peninsula
•Washington also learned that Admiral Francois de ______, the French naval commander, was heading toward Chesapeake Bay instead of New York
•Washington changed his plans and headed ______to Yorktown
•Washington kept his new strategy (plan of action) ______
Washington’s Secret Plan
•Washington wanted Clinton to think the Patriots still planned to attack the British in ______
•This would keep Clinton from sending aid to ______
•Rochambeau joined with Washington in July and the two armies moved ______
•The ______did not know where they were heading
•Troops marched ______miles in 15 days
•General Clinton didn’t detect the forces ______
•Three groups (Wahington’s, Rochambeau’s, and de Grasse’s) would meet at ______
The Siege of Yorktown
•The plan worked perfectly
•The British were ______
•End of September 1781- ______American and French troops trapped Cornwallis’ ______British and Hessian troops at Yorktown
•De Grasse’s fleet kept Cornwallis from escaping by ______
•Clinton’s and the rest of the British army were still in ______
Battle of Yorktown
•October 9- Americans and French began a ______
•A Hessian soldier said “One saw men lying everywhere… whose ______, arms, and legs had been shot off”
•British ______began to run low
•British soldiers were ______and sick
•Cornwallis realized that the situation was ______
•October 19- Cornwallis ______his troops to the Patriots at the Battle of Yorktown
•Patriots took 8,000 British ______and more than 200 guns
After Yorktown
•Fighting did ______end
•The British still held Savannah, Charles Town, and New York
•A few more battles took place, but the victory at Yorktown convinced the British that the war was too ______to pursue (continue)
•Both sides sent delegates to ______to work out a treaty
•The United States were represented by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay
•The American congress ratified (______) the preliminary treaty in April 1783 and the final version of the ______ on September 3, ______
The Treaty of Paris
•______for the Americans
•Great Britain recognize the US as an ______nation
•The British agreed to withdraw all their ______
•The US also got ______rights of the coast of Canada
•The US agreed that the British merchants could collect ______that Americans owed them
•______property was also to be returned
The Newburgh Conspiracy
•Washington’s army was headquartered in Newburgh, New York
•The Congress refused to ______the soldiers’ pensions and failed to provide them with other pay
•The army got mad and said they would use ______against the Congress
•Washington knew this was dangerous and he persuaded the angry soldiers to be ______
•Washington urged Congress to meet their ______
•Congress responded to Washington and met the ______
Washington Resigns
•November 1783- British troops left New York
•December 4, Washington said ______to his troops
•Washington formally ______three weeks later
•“Having now finished the work assigned me I retire… and take my leave of all the employments of ______life”
•Washington returned home to Mount Vernon, Virginia in time for Christmas
•He planned to remain and live ______with his family
Why the Americans Won
•They were ______on their own land
•The British had to send troops from ______of miles away
•The British depended on the ______and once the French blocked their ships they were helpless
•Americans knew the local ______and where to lay an ambush (Surprise attack)
•The British had trouble controlling the American countryside once they ______the cities
More of Why the Americans Won
•Help from other ______
•The French and Spanish helped the American cause
•The American Revolution was a ______movement
•It depended on the ______and spirit of all Patriots
Influence of the American Revolution
•The ideas of the Declaration of Independence influenced other ______
•The ______Revolution
•The French Colony of Saint ______
•The principles that “Men are born and remain free and ______in rights” guided these revolutions
Essential Question
•How did the Battle of Yorktown lead to American independence?
- The British losses at ______convinced Britain that the war was too ______to pursue.