Marine Biology

Chapter 7 Study Guide: Invertebrates

Phyla: Porifera, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Cnidaria

Define all terms in blue boxes for these phyla.

Know which organisms are found in each phylum.

Phylum Porifera- “pore-bearers”

  1. How do these organisms feed?
  2. What level of organization do sponges display?
  3. Explain the different types of cells in sponges and describe the functions of each.
  4. What type of defense do sponges display?
  5. What type of symmetry do sponges display?
  6. How do sponges reproduce –include both sexual and asexual reproduction?
  7. List the three main classes of sponges and explain the characteristics of each.
  8. Where do sponges live?
  9. Are sponges marine organisms or freshwater organisms, or both?

10.What types of organisms feed on sponges?

Phylum Cnidaria- “Animals with stinging cells”

  1. What level of organization do cnidarians display?
  2. What are the two basic forms of cnidarians?
  3. Explain what type of organism a Portuguese Man O’ War is; what type of cells are included in this organism and what is the role of each?
  4. Explain how a nematocyst functions.
  5. Explain how cnidocytes are used in feeding.
  6. What type of symmetry do cnidarians exhibit?
  7. How do cnidarians reproduce?
  8. Where are cnidarians found?
  9. Are cnidarians freshwater, marine or both?

10.How do cnidarian digest their food?

11.Explain the symbiotic relationship between coral and zooxanthellae.

12. What is coral bleaching and what causes it?

Phylum Mollusca-“Soft-bodied animals”

  1. Describe the main parts of a mollusk: mantle, radula, foot
  2. What are the three main classes of mollusks, and what types of organism are found in each?
  3. Which animal in this phylum has the largest eye of all animals?
  4. How do mollusks move? Include cephalopods, bivalve, and gastropod.
  5. What is the purpose of the ink sac in cephalopods?
  6. How do cephalopods feed and digest their food?
  7. How do bivalves feed and digest their food?
  8. How do mollusks reproduce? Include all three groups.
  9. Where are mollusks found: land, marine, freshwater?
  10. Explain the nervous system of mollusks.

Phylum Echinodermata- “Spiny-skinned animals”

  1. Be able to label a diagram of a starfish.
  2. Explain the function of pedicellariae.
  3. Explain the locomotion of starfish and sea urchins. Include tube feet and water vascular system.
  4. How do echinoderms open the shells of their prey?
  5. What is Aristotle’s lantern, and what is its function?
  6. What is the main difference between echinoderms in the class Ophuroidea and class Asteroidea?
  7. What do echinoderms capture prey?
  8. How do echinoderms digest food and absorb nutrients?
  9. Where do echinoderms live?
  10. Are they marine, freshwater, terrestrial, or all?
  11. How do echindoderms reproduce?

10.What are the functions of the madreporite and the eyespot in echinoderms?