Chapter 5 Test Topics Friday, November 11thChemical Names and Formulas

  • Cations and anions and their relationship to metals and nonmetals
  • Whether cations and anions gain or lose electrons to form ions to how many electrons they gain or lose
  • Charges of ions by group # on the periodic table
  • Monatomic and polyatomic ions
  • Writing formulas for and naming binary compounds
  • Type I: Metals with only one possible charge
  • Type II: Metals with more than one charge
  • For Type I and II name and write symbol for metal 1st and nonmetal must end in –ide; use criss-cross or crossover method to write the formula for a compound
  • Type III: Compounds made up of only nonmetals and metalloids – no criss-cross or crossover method needed, don’t look at the charges at all!; never reduce the formula because it would change the name of the compound; 1st element is always the full name of the element while the 2nd element always ends in –ide. The 1st element only needs a prefix if there is more than one, but the 2nd element always needs a prefix
  • Prefixes: 1-mono, 2-di, 3-tri, 4-tetra, 5-penta, 6-hexa, 7-hepta, 8-octa, 9-nona, 10-deca, 11-undeca, 12-dodeca
  • Writing formulas for and naming ternary ionic compounds
  • Metal cation is always the first symbol and the entire rest of the compound is the anion; use criss-cross or cross over method to write the formula
  • Polyatomic ion must go in parentheses if more than one is needed.
  • Writing formulas for and naming acids
  • Always have H+1 as the cation, no ( ) needed for anion; use criss-cross or crossover method to write the formula
  • If anion ends in –ide, the acid is named hydro____ ic acid
  • If anion ends in –ate, the acid is named ______ic acid
  • If anion ends in –ite, the acid is named ______ous acid
  • Hydrates – water molecules are attached to the compound, which is usually an ionic compound (starts with a metal); name with the same prefixes as Type III binary compounds, number of water molecules is written after the compound with the formula and at the very end of the name for the compound
  • Anhydrous means there are no water molecules attached to the compound
  • Organic compounds (alkanes) – hydrocarbons that contain C and H.
  • Methane – CH4, Ethane – C2H6, Propane – C3H8, Butane – C4H10, Pentane – C5H12, Hexane - C6H14, Heptane - C7H16, Octane - C8H18, Nonane - C9H20, Decane - C10H22