Chapter 6 Section 3Struggles in the Middle Statesp. 181-185

Setting the Scene

  1. What arrived in New York harbor in June 1776? ______-
  2. In mid-1776, the heavy fighting shifted to the ______.

British Take New York

  1. Whose army was larger British or American? < circle correct answer
  2. In August, Howe’s army defeated George Washington’s at ______.
  3. After Washington fought a series of battles in New York and through New Jersey, the Americans retreated into ______.
  4. During the New York campaign Washington needed information about British forces. He sent ______behind British lines. When caught by the British with information hidden in his shoes, what did they do to him?______
  5. As he walked to the gallows, what famous quote did he declare?

Washington Turns Defeat Into Victory in New Jersey

  1. In December of 1776, how would you describe the shape Washington’s army was in?
  1. What bold move did Washington decide on? A ______on ______. On Christmas night, he led his troops across the icy ______.
  2. Who did the Americans attack at Trenton? ______Who won the battle of Trenton? ______
  3. Where did Washington win another victory?______

A Turning Point in the War

  1. British General John Burgoyne’s plan was to cut off ______from the other colonies, which would affect the war in what way? ______
  1. Burgoyne wanted ______British armies to march on ______from ______.
  2. This would give them control of the ______, which would stop the flow of soldiers and supplies from ______to ______.
  3. Burgoyne wanted General Howe to march on Albany from ______.
  1. Instead, Howe captured ______first.
  2. Howe also defeated Washington and the Americans at the battles of ______& ______.
  3. Instead of moving toward Albany, Howe stayed in ______for the winter.
  4. Barry St. Leger tried to attack Albany from what direction? (Use map on p. 182) ______
  5. At Fort______, he was driven back by a strong American army led by ______.

Victory at Saratoga

  1. Only ______was left to march on Albany.
  1. At the village of ______, the Americans ______the British.
  2. Burgoyne realized he was ______and ______his entire army.
  3. The American victory at ______was a major ______in the war.
  4. The victory had 3 effects on the war, list them. (Give SHORT answers)

a.

b.

  1. Most importantly,
  1. The American victory at Saratoga convinced France that the United States could ______.
  2. France became the first nation to sign a ______with the U.S.
  1. Later, the ______and ______also joined the war against Britain.
  1. Individual European volunteers who helped the Americans:

______from France brought trained soldiers to help the cause.

______from Prussia helped train Washington’s troops to march and drill.

______from Poland helped build forts.

______from Poland trained cavalry troops.

  1. George Washington’s troops spent a brutal winter at ______.
  1. Many slept on the ______, some stood guard wrapped only in ______, others had no ______and wrapped ______around their feet. They suffered from ______and ______.
  2. As word of their suffering spread, Patriots from ______sent help.
  3. Who took care of the sick and wounded? ______

34. After the winter at Valley Forge, the Patriots’ ______had passed. YAY!!